• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii are known to produce alcohol in gochujang. To reduce alcohol production, garlic and chives were applied to gochujang solution to find their inhibitory effect on S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii. The 70% ethanol extract of garlic and chives showed significant inhibition activity against S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, showing growth inhibition zone of 14.00±0.00~25.33±0.58 mm by disc diffusion method. In addition, the addition of 70% ethanol extract of garlic and chives in 10% gochujang solution spiked with S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii reduced the numbers of total aerobic bacteria (below 7 Log CFU/g) and yeast (below 4 Log CFU/g), alcohol content (below 0.30%), respectively. In conclusion, the addition of garlic ethanol (70%) extract or chives ethanol (70%) extract to gochujang inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, resulting in reduced alcohol content in gochujang. For further study, it is necessary to conduct food application experiments by using real gochujang paste.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 1992

Alcohol fermentations were carried out to confirm the capacity of ethanol production from glucose, starch and soluble starch(dextrin) by Schwanniomyces castellii NRRL Y-2477. Schw. castellii NRRL Y-2477 was able to produce the 63.9g/l ethanol using 94% subtrate from 150g/l-glucose medium. The direct alcohol fermentation of starch having the maximum solubility of 20g/1 at $30^{\circ}C$ yielded 9.1g/l ethanol upon complete depletion of starch, whereas 34.5g/1 ethanol was produced by utilizing 82% of 100g/1 soluble starch medium. The fermentation of 150g/1 soluble starch produced 52.1g/l ethanol using about 79% of substrate. Thus, it was found that the limiting step of direct alcohol fermentation of starch by Schwanniomyces castellii NRRL Y-2477 was a hydrolysis of starch.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.513-517
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from Perilla frutescens var. acuta by varying the concentration of ethanol at 30, 50, 70, and 90% to utilize the effective extract of Perilla frutescens as a cosmetic and pharmaceutical material. In the DPPH antioxidant activity test, the 70% ethanol extract showed the highest activity with an IC50 of 680.98ppm. ABTS showed a high activity in the 50% ethanol extract and the 70% ethanol extract with an IC50 of 646.94 and 661.94 ppm, respectively. Each ethanol extract showed antioxidant activity at a certain concentration (100-10000 ppm), but did not show any significant relationship with the ethanol extract concentration. In RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by LPS, each of the ethanol extracts showed reduced NO production in all extracts, and more than 50% ethanol extract (10000ppm) inhibited nitric oxide formation by 85% or more. In particular, the 70% ethanol extract showed 90% or more nitric oxide production inhibition. In addition, the MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity at all concentrations (1250-10000 ppm) of each extract. In this study, the ethanol extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta has antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity that is dependent on the concentration at each extraction concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1 s.34
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

Effect of ascorbic acid on various hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), the microsomal . ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS), and catalase was quantitatively evaluated in liver microsomal and cytosolic preparation from Sprague-Dowley rats. In present study, ADH activities were no changed significantly by ascorbic acid. The MEOS activity, dependent on NADPH and $O_2$, was affected by azide (inhibitor of catalase) or exogenous catalase. In the presence of ascorbic acid, ethanol oxidation by rat liver microsomal preparation reacted with NADPH-generating system was increased by up to 22.5%, but decreased when liver microsome was reacted with $H_2O_2$ generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Increase in the activity of the MEOS in the presence of ascorbic acid was greater in liver microsomal preparation pretreated with azide. Also ascorbic acid oxidized ethanol nonenzymatically. This ethanol oxidation induced by ascorbic acid was inhibited by OH radical scavengers (thiourea, sodium benzoate), but was not much affected by superoxide dismutase. From these results it was suggested that ascorbic acidcould interact directly with the MEOS, then promote the oxidation of ethanol. And, to some extent, ${\cdot}OH$-radicals or other radicals generated during the spontaneous autooxidation of ascorbic acid may be responsible for the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1989

A study on the continuous fermentation with cell recycle by a tower fermentor to produce ethanol has been carried out. ethanol fermentation was conducted with flocculating yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TS4, to compare the ethanol productivity with conventional continuous process. Employing a 15% glucose feed, a cell density of 50 g/l was obtaind. The ethanol productivity of the cell recycle system was found to be 26.5g EtOH/1-hr, which was nearly 7.5 times higher than the conventional continuous process without cell recycle. A cell recycle ratio of 7 to 8 resulted in the highest ethanol productivity and cell concentration. Thus the cell recycle ratio was found to be a key factor in controlling the production of clarified overflow liquid. An aeration rate above 3.8 $\times$ 10-3 VVM seemed to decrease the ethanol productivity. The continuous fermentation with cell recycle was successfully used in the separation of cells from fermentation broth with enhancement of mixing in the tower fermentor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1991

In order to construct a yeast strain having high ethanol tolerance together with good lactose fermentation ability, the protoplast fusion using Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV 89 and Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS 397 was carried out. Auxotrophic mutants of K. fragilis were obtained as a selection marker by treatment of ethylmethane sulfonate. The best mutant for protoplast fusion was selected based on the capabilities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ production and lactose fermentation. The protoplast fusion using polyethylene glycol and calcium chloride solution led to the fusion frequence of $3{\times}10^{-6}$ and a number of fusants were obtained. Among these fusants, a fusant F-3-19 showed the best results in terms of ethanol tolerance, ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and lactose fermentation. The performance of lactose fermentation and ethanol tolerance by this fusant were better than those of K. fragilis. Study on the ethanol tolerance having relation to fatty acid composition and intracellular ethanol concentration revealed that the fusant F-3-19 had a higher unsaturated fatty acids content and accumulated less amount of intracellular ethanol compared with a parent of K. fragilis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.157-163
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• 2022

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which encompasses alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the economic and health impacts of ALD are clear, few advances have been made in its prevention or treatment. We recently demonstrated that the insect-derived antimicrobial peptide CopA3 exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell systems, including neuronal cells and colonic epithelial cells. Here, we tested whether CopA3 inhibits ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol only or ethanol plus CopA3 for 24 h and then liver injury and inflammatory responses were measured. Ethanol enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-10. It also induced hepatocyte apoptosis and ballooning degeneration in hepatocytes. Notably, all these effects were eliminated or significantly reduced by CopA3 treatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CopA3 ameliorates ethanol-induced liver cell damage and inflammation, suggesting the therapeutic potential of CopA3 for treating ethanol-induced liver injury.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.617-623
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• 1995

A new thermotolerant yeast strain was siolated, and its characteristics have been studied. The strain was identified and named Saccharomyces cerevisiae F38-1. This strain could grow not only at high temperature, but also in high concentrations of sugar and ethanol. S. cerevisiae F38-1 could grow in a medium containing 50% glucose. The isolate produced ethanol at 43$\circ$C, but didn't grow at 40$\circ$C in the presence of 8% ethanol. Fermentation studies showed that the isolate ferments 20% glucose to 9.8% (V/V) ethanol at 40$\circ$C in the presence of 0.2%, yeast extract.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-77
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• 1989

To increase the volumetric productivity a contimuous cell-recycled system was implemented. Cell concentrations between 9.2 and 15.0 g/1 were obtatined in the continuous fermentor study. At a 4% xylose feed and a specific oxygen supply rate(SOSR) of 1.04 g O2.hr-g DCW the ethanol yield was 0.36% at dilution rate. This represented a 26-% increase over that of th batch fermentation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2012

Ethanol fermentations were carried out using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) processes with monosaccharides from seaweed, Saccharina japonica (sea tangle, Dasima) as the biomass. The pretreatment was carried out by thermal acid hydrolysis with $H_2SO_4$ or HCl. Optimal pretreatment condition was determined at 10% (w/v) seaweed slurry with 37.5 mM $H_2SO_4$ at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. To increase the yield of saccharfication, isolated marine bacteria Bacillus sp. JS-1 was used and 48 g/L of reducing sugar were produced. Ethanol fermentation was performed using SSF and SHF process with Pachysolen tannophilus KCTC 7937. The ethanol concentration was 6.5 g/L by SSF and 6.0 g/L by SHF.