• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2015

Background: Alcoholic steatosis is the earliest and most common liver disease, and may precede the onset of more severe forms of liver injury. Methods: The effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) was tested in two murine models of ethanol (EtOH)-feeding and EtOH-treated hepatocytes. Results: Blood biochemistry analysis demonstrated that RGE treatment improved liver function. Histopathology and measurement of hepatic triglyceride content verified the ability of RGE to inhibit fat accumulation. Consistent with this, RGE administration downregulated hepatic lipogenic gene induction and restored hepatic lipolytic gene repression by EtOH. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases is well established. Treatment with RGE attenuated EtOH-induced cytochrome P450 2E1, 4-hydroxynonenal, and nitrotyrosine levels. Alcohol consumption also decreased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which was restored by RGE. Moreover, RGE markedly inhibited fat accumulation in EtOH-treated hepatocytes, which correlated with a decrease in sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and a commensurate increase in sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a expression. Interestingly, the ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd, but not Rb1, significantly inhibited fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that RGE and its ginsenoside components inhibit alcoholic steatosis and liver injury by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 activation both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that RGE may have a potential to treat alcoholic liver disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Sanyakbojungbangam-tang Ethanol Extracts (SB Et-OH) on the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human endothelial cell line ECV304 cells. After cells were treated with cisplatin, MTT assay was performed for cell viability test. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we used the several measures of apoptosis to determine whether this processes was involved in cisplatin-induced cell damage in ECV304 cells. Also, cells were treated with SB Et-OH and then, followed by the addition of cisplatin. Cisplatin decreased the viability of ECV304 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the caspase-3 enzyme activity ECV304 cells treated cisplatin were revealed as apoptosis characterized by nuclear staining. SB Et-OH protected ECV304 cells from cisplatin-induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Also, SB Et-OH inhibited the activation of caspase-3 pretense and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in cisplatin-treated ECV304 cells. According to above results, SB Et-OH may protect ECV304 cells from the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative activity and functional food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Pinus densiflora root were examined. It was more effective to use ethanol than water when extracting phenolic compounds. The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root for biological activities were examined. The phenolic compounds extracted with water and 80% EtOH were $1.86{\pm}0.04mg/g$ and $6.85{\pm}0.16mg/g$, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and EtOH were each 86% and 85% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. ABTS radical decolorization activity was 48% in water and 68% in EtOH at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidant Protection Factor (PF) were 1.74 PF in water and 1.96 PF in EtOH at $50{\mu}g/mL$. TBARs of water and EtOH were 93% and 98%, respectively at $100{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase was 83.7% in water extracts and 79.6% in ethanol extracts. Inhibition on xanthine oxidase of water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibition effect than allopurinol. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 14.8% in water extracts and 91.6% in ethanol extracts. The result suggests that P. densiflora root extracts may be useful as as functional food material.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.256-259
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• 2000

Ethanol fermentration of glucose by a strain of Zymomonas mobilis KCTC 1535 was studied in membrane recycle bioreactor, which was coupled with closs flow hollow fiber membrane. The maximum values of product yields and productivity are 0.4685g total ethanol/ g glucose, 14.05g total ethanol/ L/h, respectively The pervaporation performance of the PDMS menbrane has been investigated for the separation of binary mixtures of EtOH/water at $50^{\circ}C{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. The optimum conditions of feed concentration, temperature, feed solution flow rates is determined to be 8%, $70^{\circ}C$, 492ml/min, respectively. An ethanol permselectivity of 7.5 and flux of $0.04kg/m^2/hr$ were obtained with these membrane

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

Objectives : Alcoholic fatty liver is an early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption. The initial hepatocyte cell death stimulates subsequent inflammatory responses, leading to further liver injury and fibrosis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Injinsaryung-san extract on the alcoholic fatty liver by chronic EtOH administration. Method : Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. All animals were randomly divided into Normal group, treated with saline (n=10); EtOH group, treated with ethanol (n=10); EtOH+IS group, treated with ethanol+Injinsaryung-san extract (n=10). For oral administration of ethanol in Control and Sample group, the ethanol was dissolved in distilled water in concentrations of 25%(v/v). Throughout the experiment of 8 week, the rats were allowed free access to water and standard chow. Sample group were administrated by Injinsaryung-san extract daily for 8 weeks. Results : The levels of hepatic marker such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were altered. Histopathological changes were reduced and the expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) was markedly attenuated by Injinsaryung-san extract. Conclusion : These data suggest that Injinsaryung-san extract could be effective in protecting the liver from alcoholic fatty liver. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of Injinsaryung-san may be related to attenuation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein, as well as to the inhibition of inflammatory response in the liver. Therefore, Injinsaryung-san can be a candidate to protect against alcoholic fatty liver.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to develop therapeutic prescription that is more significant than existing ones through extraction method and formulation changes. Methods: Yukmijihwangtang(YMJHT) was extracted in 80% ethanol, and their relative anti-oxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation were measured. Results: Both water and ethanol extracted YMJHT showed does-dependent DPPH elimination activities. ROS inhibition activity was greater in water extracted YMJHT except for Moutan Cortex. NO inhibition assay results indicated that all groups showed higher NO inhibition activities in RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner. Water extracted group showed higher NO inhibition activity than that of ethanol extracted group. TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion inhibition assay using RAW 264.7 cells, water extracted YMJHT showed higher activity than ethanol extracts. Growth rate of spleen cells was greater in all tested groups, with higher rate in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IFN-r in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was higher in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IL-10 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was highest in YMJHT-DW with 40%. Suppression of gene expression of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A were significant with 90% or higher in all groups and that of IL-12p35 were also higher than 90% in all cases. Conclusions: From the results, it shows that YMJHT has anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation. However, the difference between YMJHT-EtOH and YMJHT-DW was not that significant. Further studies are needed to find out effective extraction methods of herbal medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1508-1512
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of a mixture of extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Nelumbo nucifera G. (leaf), and Camellia sinensis (seed) (MIX) on acute ethanol-induced hangover in Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in MIX-treated rats significantly decreased at 3 h and 5 h after acute ethanol administration (25%, 3 g/kg body weight/d) as compared to ethanol-treated rats. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were significantly higher in MIX-treated rats than in ethanol-treated rats. MIX exhibited high ADH and ALDH activities on direct assays using S9 rat liver fraction for ethanol metabolic enzymes clearance action. These results suggest that MIX could alleviate ethanol-induced hangover symptoms by elevating activities related to hepatic ethanol-metabolizing enzymes against ethanol induced metabolites, and MIX should be further developed to be a new anti-hangover material.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2021

The roots of reed (Phragmites australis) were used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory problems, including symptoms such as high fever and cough. In this study, we identified the active ingredient from 70% EtOH reed root extract, and evaluated the whitening, wrinkle improvement and moisturizing effects. The content of p-coumaric acid, the active ingredient of the roots of P. australis, was slightly lower in 70% EtOH extract than in 100% EtOH extract. However, 70% EtOH reed root extract showed similar or higher effect in reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging activity compared to 100% EtOH extract. Moreover, 70% EtOH reed root extract markedly inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells treated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 70% EtOH reed root extract significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reduced elastase activity in HDF human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, 70% EtOH reed root extract ameliorated hyaluronic acid synthase-2 (HAS-2) expression induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) stimulation in HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this study suggest that 70% EtOH reed root extract has potential as a functional cosmetic material related to whitening, wrinkle improvement, and moisturizing.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.818-822
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• 2004

Gastroprotective effects of Korean rice-wine (Yakju) in two types of acute experimental gastric ulcer induced in rats and in mice were evaluated. Korean rice-wine were administered to 24-hr fasted rats 30 min before administration of 60% EtOH in 150 mM HCl or absolute ethanol. Korean rice-wine prevented formation of gastric ulcers induced by 60% EtOH in 150 mM HCl at oral doses of 250-1,000mg/kg and reduced gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol at oral doses of 62.5-1,000mg/kg, and inhibitory effect against 30% alcohol treatment for 7 days (twice/day). These results suggest Korean rice-wine have inhibitory effects on gastric lesion and ulceration.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.349-354
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• 1984

The relative viscosities and the osmotic coefficients of alkaline metal iodides (NaI, KI, RbI, CsI) in methanol, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and sulfolane (TMS) have been measured by Ubbelohde viscometer and vapor pressure osmometry at 45 ∼ $120^{\circ}C.$ The order of A and B coefficients in viscosity for alkaline metal iodides are MeOH > EtOH > TMS > DMSO, and TMS > EtOH > DMSO > MeOH. dB/dT values for the alkaline metal iodides are in the order of NaI > KI > RbI > CsI in the protic solvents, while those for the aprotic solvents are in the reverse order. The order of the osmotic coefficients for the alkaline metal iodides is EtOH > DMSO > MeOH > TMS.