• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Objectives : The objective of this study is to study the effects of hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ on nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production in macrophage. Methods : $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ was extracted in two ways. One was extracted with distilled water(2L) for 4 h and the other one was extracted with 70% ethanol (2L) for 4h. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subclutured. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. The concentrations of NO were measured by Griess assay. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results : 25, $125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ hot aqueous extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. 25, 125, $625{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. 150, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ inhibited $PGE_2$production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. Conclusions : This study suggests that hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ suppress NO and $PGE_2$ production. So hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from $Lonicera$ $japonica$ $Flos$ may have an anti-inflammation effect.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2001

The effects of leaf extracts of 14 different non-host plant species on in vitro conidial germination of Phaeoisariopsis personata, the causal organism of late leaf spot(LLS) of groundnut were evaluated. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Datura metel, Lawsonia inermis and aqueous leaf extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus at 25%(w/v) concentration completely inhibited the conidial germination of P. personata both at 24h and 48h after incubation. Aqueous leaf extracts of Blumea bifoliata, Eucalyptus globules, Ocimum sanctum and Pongamia pinnata, and ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and S. indicus inhibited the conidial germination by >90%. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of L. inermis and S. indicus were highly inhibitory to conidial germination up to 1% concentration. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of D. metel and ethanol leaf extract of A. indica were highly inhibitory to P. personata even at 0.01% (100 ppm) concentration. Ethanol leaf extract of A. indica up to $80^{\circ}$, aqueous leaf extracts of D. metel and S. indicus up to $100^{\circ}$, and L. inermis up to $60^{\circ}$, were highly stable and retained their fungitoxic effects. Extract of D. metel was antifungal even after 180 days when it was stored both at room temperature and $4^{\circ}$. Aqueous leaf extract of D. metel at 2% concentration effectively reduced the development of LLS by >60%, under greenhouse conditions both in prophylactic and simultaneous applications. Extracts of D. metel could be a potential economical and an eco-frendly alternative for control of late leaf spot, and its efficacy under field conditions is further being evaluated.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Objectives : The objective of this study is to study the effects of hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from Paeoniae Radix Rubra on nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production in macrophage. Methods : Paeoniae Radix Rubra were extracted in 2 ways. one was extracted with hot aqueous for 4 hr in $100^{\circ}C$ and the other one was extracted with 70% ethanol for 4 hr in $70^{\circ}C$. RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage lines, were incubated with different concentrations of the extract for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS at indicated times. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of NO and $PGE_2$ were measured by griess assay and enzyme immunoassay(EIA). Results : The hot aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra significantly inhibited the NO productions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The hot water extract of Paeoniae Radix Rubra significantly inhibited the $PGE_2$ productions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions : Our results demonstrated that Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract is able to significantly inhibit the production of NO, $PGE_2$ expression. Hot aqueous extract of Paeoniae Radix Rubra has more effective anti-inflammation than ethanol extract.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1130-1138
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• 2013

We examined dyeing properties using cotton, Tencel, general nylon 66 and hollow nylon 66 treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts without mordant. The antimicrobial properties of fabrics treated with Artemisia extracts against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram negative Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) were also examined. The dying solution concentrations were determined from a calibration curve of the concentration and absorbance of Artemisia extracts. FTIR spectra confirmed that antimicrobial components and colorants (such as 1,8-cineol, thujone, caffeoylquinic acid and chlorophyll) were more present in ethanol extract than in aqueous extract. Nylons had higher $a^*$ and $b^*$, and lower $L^*$ values than cellulose fabrics dyed with aqueous solutions of Artemisia extracts; however, the dyed nylon fabrics were brown. Fabrics dyed with ethanol-extract added solutions were greener and had higher antimicrobial properties than those dyed with aqueous solutions; however, they faded and lost their antimicrobial properties after laundering. Fabrics regained their antimicrobial properties (especially against S. aureus) by the spraying of Artemisia ethanol extract; therefore, the application of Artemisia ethanol extract onto underwear is expected to relieve atopic dermatitis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1560-1566
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• 2013

본 연구는 에탄올을 투여한 랫트에서 인진쑥 열수 추출물이 간 기능 개선 및 혈청지질의 변화에 미치는 효과를 검증하고 향후 간 기능개선 건강기능식품 개발 원료로써의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 인진쑥 열수 추출물을 알코올로 간 독성 유발한 실험쥐에게 경구투여한 후 정상식이군, 양성대조군, 에탄올 투여군, 인진쑥 열수 추출물 저농도(200 mg/kg BW) 및 고농도(400 mg/kg BW) 투여군으로 나눠 실험하였다. 실험 결과 실험기간 동안 실험동물의 체중 증가량 및 간 무게 변화에는 통계적으로 처리군 간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 실험종료 후 혈청과 간 조직을 사용하여 분석한 결과, 간 기능의 주요 지표인 AST, ALT 및 GGT 효소 활성측정 결과 정상식이군에 비해 알코올 투여군에서 각 효소활성이 유의하게 증가하였으며, LDH의 경우 정상식이군에 비해 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 처리군 간 유의성은 없었다. 인진쑥 열수 추출물 저농도 투여군의 경우 ALT 및 GGT활성이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며, 고농도 투여군에서는 AST 및 LDH 활성도 유의하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 에탄올을 단독 투여한 처리군의 경우 정상식이군에 비하여 중성지방 함량이 유의하게 증가하였으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량이 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 인진쑥 열수 추출물 투여군에서는 중성지방 함량이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며, HDL-콜레스테롤의 경우 함량이 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 간 조직에서 항산화효소 활성 및 과산화지질 함량을 알아보고자 SOD 활성 측정 결과 에탄올을 단독 투여한 대조군에서는 정상식이군과 비교하여 SOD 활성이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 인진쑥 열수 추출물 투여군에서는 SOD 활성이 유의하게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 간 조직 내 과산화지질의 분해산물인 malondialdehyde(MDA) 함량을 측정한 결과 에탄올을 단독 투여한 대조군에서 MDA 함량이 가장 높게 나타났고 인진쑥 열수 추출물 투여군에서 MDA 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 간 조직 염색결과 알코올을 투여한 대조군에서 미세공포와 풍선모양세포변성이 중심정맥 주변이 미약하게 관찰되었으며, 인진쑥 추출물을 처리한 경우에는 거의 정상군와 유사한 정상 간 조직 형태를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 인진쑥 열수 추출물이 rat의 간 기능개선 및 혈청의 지질대사를 개선하고 항산화효소의 활성을 증가시켜 알코올 섭취로 인한 간 손상을 완화시키는데 효과적일 것으로 사료되며, 향후 간 기능 개선 개별인정형 건강기능식품 소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2018

Objectives: Ethanol withdrawal following its chronic use is a serious outcome and challenging to treatment. The chronic use of ethanol induces a progressive neuroplasticity in different reigns of brain. In this study we evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and its active compound, crocin, on the withdrawal behavior induced after repeated administration of ethanol, in two regimens of prophylactic (administration of drugs concomitant with the induction of dependence) and treatment (administration of drugs during the period of ethanol withdrawal) in mice which received ethanol. Methods: Ethanol dependence was induced by oral administration of 10% v/v ethanol (2 g/kg) for 7 days. The aqueous extracts of saffron (40, 80 and 160) and crocin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) were administered to mice in two regimens of prophylactic (along with ethanol) and treatment (during withdrawal period). Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Six hours after discontinuation of the ethanol, seizure was evaluated by the sub-convulsive dose of pentyleneltetrazole (PTZ) (30 mg/kg). The open field test and Rota rod test were used for evaluation of locomotor activity and motor incoordination, respectively. Results: Both extracts and crocin increased the number of crossed lined in the open field test. PTZ kindling seizure was inhibited in animals received extract (80 and 160 mg/kg) in both regimens. Motor incoordination was only improved following administration of crocin. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of saffron and crocin can be considered as safe agents and reliable alternative to diazepam in management of ethanol withdrawal syndrome.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권B호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2007

The objetives of this study are to set up optimum extraction temperature, time and organic solvent for propolis extraction, to investigate chemical properties, and to develop health foods from propolis preparation. In this study, ethanol and ultrasonic extracts method performed to optimum extraction temperature was at 60, $20^{\circ}C$, optimum extraction time was at 12, 4 hours and optimum extraction amount of solvent was at 20, 15 times of propolis weight. When various ethanol solutions were used, whereas flavonoid content was highest in 70, 80% aqueous ethanol, respectively. So the ultrasonic extracts method used gave better results than the ethanol extracts method in this work. Extraction of propolis with etanol and ultrasonic extracts method was performed by using the water and various concentrations of aqueous ethanol as solvent. Sensitivity of propolis samples to Staphylococcus aureus was investigated and the results were shown. Samples of water extract did not inhibit microbial growth, where as 50% aqueous ethanol extract the largest inhibitory zone for Staphylococcus aureus, then decreased inhibition with increasing ethanol concentrations.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2012

포도 3종(Campbell early, MBA, 거봉)의 과피와 씨를 물과 ethanol을 이용하여 추출하였다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 저해 활성은 대부분의 추출물에서 저해 활성을 보였으며, 물 추출물이 가장 높은 저해 활성을 보였다. 그에 따라 물 추출물을 이용하여 streptozotocin (STZ)에 의해 유도된 당뇨 마우스모델의 고혈당에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 캠벨(씨)의 물 추출물을 처리한 당뇨 유발 마우스의 혈당은 시간이 지날수록 그 수치가 떨어져 3시간이 지난 후에는 정상 수치까지 떨어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 거봉(씨) 물 추출물을 처리한 마우스에서는 혈당 상승이 1/3 수준으로 완화되었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 포도의 과피와 씨 추출물은 고혈당 개선에 효과를 지닐 것으로 판단되었으며 향후 혈당에 관련된 기타분자표적의 추적이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 최적의 조건에서 추출된 지누아리 추출물의 항산화능과 항염능을 확인하였다. 다양한 ethanol 수용액으로 지누아리의 유용물질을 추출하여 DPPH, ABTS, nitrite 라디컬 소거능을 측정하고, 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 분석하였다. 20% ethanol 수용액으로 추출한 경우에 라디컬 소거능이 가장 우수하였고, 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량 또한 가장 높았다. 이로부터 20% ethanol 수용액이 지누아리의 항산화 및 항염 물질을 효율적으로 추출하였음을 확인하였다. 한편, RAW 264.7 세포주를 이용하여 지누아리 추출물의 세포독성과 항염능을 확인하였다. 지누아리 추출물은 200 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 독성을 나타내지 않았고, 이 농도에서 50% 이상의 NO 생성 억제능을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로 지누아리 추출물은 항산화 및 항염 특성을 지니는 기능성 화장품 원료로 사용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.256-267
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional ingredients of Perilla Frutescens L. Britt extracts and to confirm the possibility of producing PVA nanofibers using extracts. Distilled water, 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and ethanol were used as extraction solvents. The electrospinning was carried out at a PVA concentration of 12%, an applied voltage of 10 kV and a tip to collector distance of 15cm. The contents of volatile substances, essential oils, total polyphenols and flavonoids of the extracts were measured to examine the constituents of functional materials. Flavor components and esters were identified in 3% sodium hydroxide and ethanol extracts. The content of polyphenols and flavonoids in ethanol extracts was higher than that of medicinal plants. 1wt.% of Tween 20 was added to disperse the essential oil components of the ethanol extract. Addition of a dispersant made it possible to produce a homogeneous mixture by having some compatibility with the ethanol extracts and the PVA molecule. When the concentration of the ethanol extract was 0.25 and 0.5wt%, relatively uniform PVA nanofiber having an average diameter of 350 to 365nm could be produced. The results of FT-IR, XRD and DSC analysis confirmed that Perilla Frutescens L. Britt ethanol extract was well mixed with PVA molecules and was electrospun.