• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

To search a new pig pheromonal odorant, the $N^1$-allyl-$N^2$-(tetrahydrofuran-Z-ylmethyl)oxalamide molecule predicted by ligand based approach and molecular docking method was synthesized by nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction ($Ad_{NU-E}$) between N-allyloxalamic acid ethylester and tetrahydrofurlmethylamine. According to the evaluation results for efficiency of pig estrus control, the synthesized pig pheromonal $N^1$-allyl-$N^2$-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide molecule advanced the estrus by 11.3 days (p<0.05) compared with the non-pheromone group. And from these results, it is predicted that the synthesized pig pheromonal compound will be able to increase the reproduction efficiency of pig.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2010

We report herein the successful results of estrus induction, sperm cryopreservation and kids born by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat. Flugestone acetate (FGA: 60 mg) was inserted into vagina for 15 days. The goat was intramuscularly injected with 400 IU PMSG and 200 IU hCG ($PG600^{(R)}$: Intervet, Korea) a day before withdrawal of the FGA sponge. Follicles and corpora lutea were identified on both ovaries by laparoscopy. Artificial insemination was performed 46 hours after removal of FGA sponge. The concentration of frozen-thawed semen was $3.975{\times}10^8/ml$ and 0.5 ml of frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated into uterine body under anesthesia. Three kids, all females, were born 144 days after artificial insemination. This is the first report producing kids by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat of which the estrus was induced by FGA sponges, PMSG and hCG during non-breeding season in Korea.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2002

Estrus was induced in 13 anestrus Korea Jin-do bitches by intramuscular injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in a dose of 500 lU once daily for ten consecutive days, followed by an additional single intraveneous injection of 1,000 lU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the tenth day. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches and compared with the those of spontaneous estrus bitches. The first days of vulval bleeding and male acceptance after PMSG treatment were on Day 6.0$\pm$ 1.5 (mean$\pm$ SD) and Day 9.0$\pm$ 1.9, respectively. And in all of 13 bitches, vulval swelling and perineal reflex were shown. The mean durations of proestrus and estrus were 2.9$\pm$ 1.4 (mean$\pm$ SD, range ; 1-6) and 11.5: 1.7 (range ; 8-14) days, respectively, that is, duration of proestrus was significantly shorter than that of the spontneous estrous bitches but duration of estrus was longer than that of the spontaneous estrous bitches. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportions of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus and parabasal cell, small intermediate, large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. The comification index (Cl) was significantly high proportion in proestrus and estrus, when Day 0 was timed from the first day of male acceptance, the Cl was first increased above 80% on Day 0 and maintained above 80% until Day 0 to Day 5 during 6 days and showed a peak on Day 2. Also it was maintained above 90% until Day 2 to Day 3 during 2 days. These results indicated that all 13 ekperimental bitches showed positive estrus detection by the estrus behavior and vaginal smear test after treated with PMSG and hCC. It suggested that vaginal cytology was used to estimate the optimal mating and ovulation time, in consideration of the day when the Cl was maintained above 80% in estrus-induced Korea Jin-do bitches.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 한국 재래흑염소 번식생리의 이해를 돕고자 서로 다른 발정동기화법을 적용하였을 때 혈액내 프로게스테론과 에스트로겐의 농도변화를 알아본 것이다. 발정동기화법은 소의 방법을 기본으로 하여 품종의 크기에 따라 호르몬의 용량을 조절하는 것을 가장 많이 사용되고 있으나, 흑염소에 적용하였을 때 발정동기화 후 인공수정 적기의 판단이 정확하지 않아 효율이 매우 낮게 조사된다. 연구에 조사된 발정동기화 방법으로는 소에서 많이 이용되어왔던 CIDR + $PGF2{\alpha}$, $PGF2{\alpha}$ + GnRH + $PGF2{\alpha}$, 그리고 CIDR + $PGF2{\alpha}$ + PMSG 세가지를 적용하였다. 혈액내 프로게스테론과 에스트로겐은 발정동기화 각 처치 후와 최종 처치 후 수일간의 변화를 조사하였다. 혈액내 프로게스테론과 에스트로겐 농도를 조사한 결과, 세가지 발정동기화 방법 마지막 처치 전까지는 모두 다른 변화를 보였으나, 그 후로는 서로 유사한 패턴으로 호르몬이 변화하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 발정동기화를 위한 호르몬 주사가 개체에 서로 다르게 작용하여 발정을 유도하고 최종 처치 후로는 유사한 발정이 유도되어 유사한 호르몬 상태를 보인 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 결과를 한국 재래흑염소 번식에서 인공수정이나 수정란 이식과 같은 기술에 접목한다면 효율적인 개량유도에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2005년도 창립 30주년 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.19-46
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• 2005

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a breeding technique to increase Hanwoo of superior characteristics. In the present study, reproductive status of Hanwoo such as size of farm, breeding system and gestationi length was investigated. In addition, effect of low dose administration of prostaglandin F2$\alpha$(PGF2$\alpha$) on luteolysis was examined. The size of farm was classified by the total number of cows and the number of breeding stocks, respectively. The distribution of herd size of < 5, 6~10, 11~30, 31~50 and > heads was 31%, 15%, 39%, 4% and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of breeding stock size of <5, 6~10, 11~30, 31~50 and > 50 heads was 36%, 28%, 31%, 3% and 3%, respectively. Average parity was 2.1 in breeding stock. In breeding pattern, artificial in semination(A.I), estrus synchronization-A.I and natural mating was 92.7%, 2.4% and 4.9% respectively. Gestational length of Hanwoo was ranged 253~316 days (average length : 285 days) after estrus( estrus=0). To induce luteolysis, PGF2$\alpha$ was injected into ovarian parenchyma by a modified ovarian injector. The effect of administration of 6mg PGF2$\alpha$ on luteolysis and estrus induction was betweer (P<0.01) when PGF2$\alpha$ was administered into ovarian parechyma than when administered intramuscluarly (71 vs. 91%). When PGF2$\alpha$ was injected into ovarian parenchyma, a decreased concentration to 3 mg did not significantly decreaed its luteolytic effect(92%). When AI was performed following PGF2$\alpha$ treatment, the intraovarian injection group yielded a higher pregnancy rate(69 vs. 88%) than the IM injection groups, regardless of the dosage. In conclusion these results suggest that increasing herd size and regular reproductive management are needed to improve reproductive efficiency in Hanwoo industry. Furthermore, intraovarian administration of PGF2$\alpha$ is effective way to induce luteolysis compared with intramuscular injection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.470-474
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• 2005

The efficiency of a short-term treatment with an intravaginal device containing progesterone (CIDR) combined with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and prostaglandin analogue ($PGF_{2\alpha}$) was evaluated for the induction of estrus, initiation of cyclic activity, and fertility in postpartum suckled yak cows. Seventy-five postpartum suckled yak cows were assigned to three treatments: (1) insertion of a CIDR intravaginal progesterone (1.9 g) (day 0), an administration of $PGF_{2\alpha}$ (0.2 mg i.m.) on day 6 and PMSG (1,000 IU i.m.) at the time of CIDR withdrawal on day 7 (CPP group, n=28); (2) an administration of $PGF_{2\alpha}$ (0.2 mg i.m.) on day 6 and PMSG (1,000 IU i.m.) on day 7 (PP group, n=21); (3) untreated animals served as the control (CG group, n=26). Seven yak bulls were placed in pastures with the cows for natural mating. Estrus rate in the CPP group (28/28) was higher (p<0.01) than in the PP group (6/21) and in the CG group (0/26) within 96 h after the end of treatment. The first service conception rate in the CPP group (21/28) was higher (p<0.01) compared with in the PP group (2/9) as judged by serum $P_4$ concentration $\geq$2.35 ng/ml on day 21 after breeding. It is concluded that a short-term progesterone treatment combined with PMSG and prostaglandin increased the proportion of yak cows that exhibited behavioral estrus with more synchronized estrus response and satisfactory conception rate in postpartum suckled yak cows.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to find out the time to farrowing induction after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment, the rate of farrowing induction, the effect of kids born by the induced farrowing on birth weight and development with study on artificial control of parturition in Korean native goats. A total of 24 pluriparous goats were offered for this experiment. The animals were divided into 4 goats per treatment by administration time(142, 145 or 148 day of pregnancy) and dosage (5 or 7.5mg). The results obtained in this experiments were as follows : 1. The effect of synchronization of estrus was induced 23 goats(95.1%), 16 goats(66.6%) in the 1st treatment and 7 goats(28.5%) in the 2nd treatment PGF2$\alpha$ and exhibited estrus at a mean interval of 75$\pm$5 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ injection. 2. The time to farrowing induction after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment on day 145 or 148 was significantly(P<0.01) shorter than that of the 5mg treatment, but there was no significant difference(P>0.01). 3. Parturition was induced in all goats(100%) treated 5 or 7.5mg of PGF2$\alpha$ on day 148 and 7.5mg of PGF2$\alpha$ on day 145, but was induced 75% in treatment with 5mg of PGF2$\alpha$ on day 145 and 5 or 7.5mg of F2$\alpha$ on day 142. 4. The birth weight and development of kids induced farrowing was heaviest (P<0.01) on days 148 among treatment, but there was no significant difference in dosage.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 1989

The aim of the present study was to test the efficiency of estrous induction in the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. The estrus was induced with prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) in the treatment A, and with PMSG and HCG in the treatment B. Day 0 was the first day of estrone injection in the treatment A and the day of PMSG injection in the treatment B. Twenty three of the twenty six bitches were laparotomized under general anesthesia between 11 and 18 days after onset of behavioral estrus, whereas three bitches were not laparotomized and remained until parturition. Ovarian responses were evaluated with the total number of corpora lutea or ovulation sites. The uterine horns were flushed with phosphate-buffered saline added heat treated canine serum(10%), the flushing media was collected into watch glass and the ova were examined under stereomicroscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Standing estrus was observed on the day $17.7{\pm}1.5$ after injection of estrone in the treament A, but ovarian responses were not detectable. 2. Standing estrus was observed on the day $12.2{\pm}0.2$ after injection of PMSG in the treament Band 14 of 17 bitches showed ovarian responses. Ova were recovered in 9 of the 14 bitches. 3. Ovarian responses were observed in one of the three premature bitches. two of the three metestrous bitches and all of the 11 anestrous bitches. The average number of the ova collected from 9 bitchs were $12.2{\pm}1.4$. 4. Three bitches in the treament B exhibited behavioural estrus and all of them were mated with fertile male dog, resulting the pregnancy in only one bitch. The pregnant bitch gave the birth of two pups.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the effects of uterus shortening on the duration required for estrus, the number of ovulation and the level of serum progesterone and prostaglandin $F_{2}{\alpha} (PGF_{2}{\alpha} $). The duration required for estrus after the surgical shortening of uterine horns and the interval between the following estrus was not affected by the surgical treatment but affected by luteal and follicular phase. The number of ovulations were increased by induction of superovulation to gilts with shortened uterine horns compared to the control. Serum progesterone concentration during the luteal phase was higher than that during the follicular phase with no difference between the control and me horns than that of the control. Findings of this study indicate that luteal formation and regressions and estrus cycle were normal when the unconnected parts of uterine horns were left in abdominal cavity. Therefore surgical shortening of uterine horns of sows helps embryo collections by non-surgical methods.