• 분석과학
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.526-534
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• 2008

가축의 생산성 향상을 위해 투여될 수 있는 천연호르몬과 합성 호르몬제 등의 내분비계장애물질에 대하여 기존의 분석 방법을 개선 및 확립하고, 이를 토대로 국내에 유통 중인 육류 및 내장부위 중소간에 대해 호르몬 성분의 분포정도를 확인하였다. Estrogens ($17{\beta}$-estradiol, $17{\alpha}$-estradiol, estrone), androgens ($17{\beta}$-testosterone, $17{\alpha}$-testosterone), gestagens (progesterone)의 천연호르몬 6종과 합성호르몬 3종 DES, RALs (zeranol, taleranol)을 모니터링 대상 호르몬으로 GC-MS로 분석하였으며, 이로부터 호르몬의 background level을 측정하고, 상대적으로 호르몬제 등이 잔류될 수 있는 간 등의 장기에 대한 분포조사를 실시하였다. 전체 150건의 시료 중 합성 호르몬제는 검출되지 않았으며, 천연호르몬제는 내인성으로 존재하는 progesterone이 일반적인 농도 범위를 보였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1972

Estrone, which is obtainable from 19-hydroxycholesterol acetate through microbial oxidation, was chemically transformed to orally active estrogens, ethynylestradiol and methylestradiol. For progestin synthesis, $5{\alpha}$-bromo-619-oxidoisoandrosterone, was harvested from the culture broth(ATCC:19170), in which $5{\alpha}$-bromo-619-oxidocholestanol, acetate was added as a carbon source. Methylestrenolone, a potent orally active progestin, was synthesized from the harvested product via several reactions. Norethindrone, a popular progestin, was also prepared from 19-norandrostenedione. 19-Norandrostenedione is also available through microbial oxidation and chemical modification of $5{\alpha}$-chlor-619-oxidocholestanol, acetate.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2004

Phytoestrogens display estrogen-like activity because of their structural similarity to human estrogens and exhibit high affinity binding for the estrogen receptors (ERs). The prevalence of phytoestrogens in our diets and the biological effects that they may cause need to be fully examined. ER is the ancestral receptor from which all other steroid receptors have evolved. Although phytoestrogens serve specific signaling functions between the plants and insects, fungi, and bacteria, many chemical signals are often misinterpreted as estrogenic signals in non-target organisms such as vertebrates. There are no ERs in plants or in their most common partners, insects. However, Rhizobium soil bacteria have NodD proteins which is an intended target of phytoestrogen signaling and share genetic homology with the ER. These two evolutionarily distant receptors both recognize and respond to a shared group of chemical signals and ligands, including both agonists and antagonists. This review briefly summarizes estrogen and estrogen receptors, kinds of important phytoestrogens, their health effects as well as some of the evolutionary aspects of mechanism by which phytoestrogen mimics the endogenous ER signaling in our body.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.1271-1273
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• 2003

저자들은 5개월 영아에서 음순 유착이 관찰되어 에스트로겐 크림의 국소 도포와 도수 분리로 3주만에 호전을 보인 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 1999

Osteoporosis is one of the most important public health problems facing the aging population. Drug therapy for osteoporosis can be divided operationally into two main categories: drugs that inhibit bone resorption, and thus reduce bone turnover, and those that stimulate bone formation, exerting an anabolic effect. Antiresorptive agents such as estrogens, calcitonin, and bisphosphonates are most effective in the prevention of osteoporosis. Formation-stimulating agents such as sodium fluoride or monofluorophosphate, parathyroid hormone fragments, and anabolic steroids are of potential value in the treatment of established osteoporosis, where bone mass is already low and benefit from antiresorptive drugs is likely to be small Recently, raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has become available in various countries for clinical use in the treatment of involutional osteoporsis. This paper will review the use of these drugs in postmenopausal woman.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Estrogens are critical to the functioning and maintenance of a diverse array of tissues and physiological systems in mammals. The actions of estrogen on such classical targets as the reproductive tract, gonads, mamary tissue, and hypothalamic/pituitary axis have been well characterized. A role in nonreproductive tissues, such as maintenance of bone mineral density and cardiovascular health in woman, as has been described. There were ne significant differences in the average of body weights, testis weights, among the experimental groups. The lumen of rate testis began to dilate from the day 8 and continued to the 59 post-treatment. The average diameter of dilate of rate testis in ICI 182,780 treated group increased 2.3-fold compared to the control group. Epithelical cell height in the rate testis of the treated mice decreased all the time periods, compared to the control.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2005

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe and intractable form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and may result in weight loss; nutritional deficiencies; and abnormalities in fluids, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance. The peak incidence is at 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, and symptoms usually resolve by week 16. Interestingly, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is generally associated with a lower rate of miscarriage. The cause of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy has not been identified. Extreme nausea and vomiting may be related to elevated levels of estrogens or human chorionic gonadotropin. Once the diagnosis is made, treatment consists of mainly supportive care. Until vomiting is controlled, these patients should be maintained as NPO. We treated 1 patient who had hyperemesis gravidarum and visited Kyung-Won Incheon Oriental Hospital by Herbal medication, acupuncture, moxa and nega therapy and got good result from them.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.495-499
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• 2014

Estrogens are considered the major breast cancer risk factor, and the carcinogenic potential of estrogens might be attributed to DNA modification caused by derivatives formed during metabolism. $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), the main steroidal estrogen present in women, is metabolized via two major pathways: formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH $E_2$) and 4-hydroxyestradiol ($4-OH\;E_2$) through the action of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1, respectively. Previous reports suggested that $2-OH\;E_2$ has putative protective effects, while $4-OH\;E_2$ is genotoxic and has potent carcinogenic activity. Thus, the ratio of $2-OH\;E_2/4-OH\;E_2$ is a critical determinant of the toxicity of $E_2$ in mammary cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of berberine on the expression profile of the estrogen metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Berberine treatment produced significant induction of both forms at the level of mRNA expression, but with increased doses produced 16~ to 52~fold greater induction of CYP1A1 mRNA over CYP1B1 mRNA. Furthermore, berberine dramatically increased CYP1A1 protein levels but did not influence CYP1B1 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, we present the first report to show that berberine may provide protection against breast cancer by altering the ratio of CYP1A1/CYP1B1, could redirect $E_2$ metabolism in a more protective pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

골다공증은 골밀도와 골의 질로 구성되는 골의 강도가 손상됨으로 골절의 위험이 높아지는 골격질환이며, 최근 유병율이 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 임상적으로 무증상인 경우가 많으며 방사선학적 검사인 단순 방사선 검사, 골 스캔, CT, MRI 등이 골밀도 및 골절의 진단에 유용하다. 골밀도의 정량적 검사로는 이중에너지 방사선 흡수법, 정량적 전산화 단층촬영이 사용되고 있다. 골다공증의 진단은 WHO 기준에 따라 T-score가 -2.5 이하일 경우 진단할 수 있다. 그 외에 생화학적 골표지자들도 진단에 도움이 된다. 골다공증 치료제는 골흡수억제제와 골형성자극제(formation stimulator)로 나눌 수 있는데 골흡수억제제로는 칼슘, 에스트로겐, 칼시토닌, 비스포스포네이트(bisphosphonate), 비타민 D 등이 있으며 골량을 증가시키는 골형성자극제로는 현재 부갑상선 호르몬이 유일하며 최근 strontium ranelate가 추가되었다. 일일 1200 mg의 칼슘과 800 IU 의 비타민 D 섭취가 권장되고 있으며, 폐경기 여성에서 에스트로겐이 효과가 입증되었고 골다공증으로 인한 통증에는 칼시토닌이 효과가 있다. 비스포스포네이트는 폐경 후 골다공증의 치료, 예방 및 스테로이드에 의한 골다공증 치료에 대해 FDA의 승인을 받았다. 폐경 후 골다공증의 치료, 예방에 사용되는 SERM은 골의 질을 향상시킴으로써 골절을 예방한다고 알려져 있다. 골형성자극제인 부갑상선 호르몬이 골절의 위험을 감소시킨다고 보고된 바 있으며, strontium은 최근에 개발된 약제로 3상 연구에서 골절 위험율 감소효과를 보였으나 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1409-1412
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• 2014

Sex hormones are important metabolites in vertebrates' development and reproduction. For rapid screening sex hormones, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the promising analytical platforms, but MALDI MS faces many challenges in detecting steroids such as low ionization efficiency and matrix background interference. One potential strategy to overcome matrix interference in the low m/z region is using a cyclodextrin (CD)-supported matrix for steroid analysis since CD-supported matrixes are known to effectively suppress matrix-related ion signals. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal CD-supported matrix for the analysis of the nonderivatized sex steroids. Our results showed that the ${\alpha}CD$-supported 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix efficiently ionized all three major classes of sex hormones, estrogens, androgens, and progestagens, with low or no matrix background and also with high sensitivity. In addition, the ${\alpha}CD$-supported DHB matrix mainly generated molecular ions or protonated ions of sex hormones, and this enabled us to obtain information-rich tandem mass spectra which potentially lead to unambiguous identification of steroid species from complex metabolite mixtures.