• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.620-623
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• 2004

Waste concrete powder(WCP) has been estimated with a great value-added material as by-product of waste concrete manufactured to fine and coarse aggregate for concrete, because it is able to utilized for cement clinker and concrete admixture. In the experimental results for this study, chemical composition of WCP was similar to that of cement, and specific gravity of WCPs were 2.46 and 2.48 due to internal micro-void of WCP. Final setting of paste with WCP was delayed, and flow value of mortar with WCP was tendency to reduced in comparison with that of paste and mortar with only ordinary portland cement as replacement ratio of WCP increased. Furthermore, sorptivity of mortar with WCP was increased as replacement ratio of WCP increased. Compressive strength of mortar with $15\%$ WCP was developed about 27MPa at 28days.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.123-134
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic efficiency of the policy implemented by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism on leading company in sport industry. The leading companies in sport industry are those who have a certain amount of sales in sport industry and the ones with potential to become global companies. Supporting areas include business advancement, overseas market development, and overseas PR marketing integration support. The research is performed by developing the equilibrium model composed of supply as well as demand and applying input-output analysis. The economic efficiency is estimated to in the form of changes in the sales of corporations and the ripple effect of the national economy. The results of the study are as follows. First, it is estimated that the sales growth rate of the company due to the implementation of the policy is from 3.74% to 5.19%. Second, the increase in sales reaches to a maximum of KRW 4,081 billion with a minimum of KRW 1,573 million, depending on the size of the company. Third, it is estimated that the production inducement effect for the national economy is from KRW 36 billion to KRW 93.4 billion. Fourth, the induced value added for the national economy is estimated to be at least KRW 11.3 billion, up to KRW 29.2 billion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.291-296
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• 2003

This study estimated surface temperature by using split-window technique and NOAA/AVHRR data was used. For surface monitoring, cloud masking procedure was carried out using threshold algorithm. The daily maximum air temperature is estimated by multiple regression method using independent variables such as satellite-derived surface temperature, EDD, and latitude. When the EDD data added, the highest correlation shown. This indicates that EDD data is the necessary element for estimation of the daily maximum air temperature. We derived correlation and experience equation by three approaching method to estimate daily maximum air temperature. 1) non-considering landcover method as season, 2) considering landcover method as season, and 3) just method as landcover. The last approaching method shows the highest correlation. So cross-validation procedure was used in third method for validation of the estimated value. For all landcover type 5, the results using the cross-validation procedure show reasonable agreement with measured values(slope=0.97, intercept=-0.30, R$^2$=0.84, RMSE=4.24$^{\circ}C$). Also, for all landcover type 7, the results using the cross-validation procedure show reasonable agreement with measured values(slope=0.993, Intercept=0.062, R$^2$=0.84, RMSE=4.43$^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2009

For the utilization of seaweed (Capsosiphon fulvecense, algae) powder as an ingredient of bread, the quality of bread made with different concentration of seaweed powder was evaluated with physical and sensory properties. The powdered algae was shown to have crude protein content at 25.38%. The major minerals were identified with calcium with 8.38 g/kg, potassium with 9.5 g/kg, and magnesium with 5.6 g/kg, which comprised to 19.08% of total mineral content. Amount of essential amino acids content was estimated to be 835 mg/100 g. Content of essential fatty acid was found to be 27,25% of total fatty acids. For the preparation of bread added with seaweed powder, the addition ratio of seaweed was set at 3, 5 and 7% versus wheat flour with same ratio of other ingredients. L value, lightness of bread, was proportionally reduced with increse of seaweed powder. However, b value, yellowness, was increased with the addition of the seaweed powder. Adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and springiness of the bread were reduced with the addition of the seaweed powder, however, hardness of the bread was vice versa. Texture, flavor, color, and overall acceptance of the bread added seaweed powder were shown up significant differences among all tested groups (P < 0.001), that is, more seaweed powder showed less favorable texture, flavor, color, and overall acceptance. Although the bread added with seaweed powder showed a less preference compared to control group, the bread with 3% of seaweed powder was favorable to other test groups, which might have a potential for the commercialization of functional breads using seaweeds.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

Techno-economic evaluation of Non-Capture $CO_2$ Utilization (NCCU) technology for the production of high-value-added products using greenhouse gas ($CO_2$) was performed. The general scheme of NCCU process is composed of $CO_2$ carbonation and brine electrolysis process. Through a carbonation reaction with sodium hydroxide that is generated from brine electrolysis and $CO_2$ of the flue gas, it is possible to get high-value-added products such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen & chloride and also to reduce the $CO_2$ emission simultaneously. For the techno-economic study on NCCU technology, continuous operation of bench-scale facility which could treat $2kgCO_2/day$ was performed. and based on the key performance data evaluated, the economic evaluation analysis targeted on the commercial chemical plant, which could treat 6 tons $CO_2$ per day, was performed using the net present value (NPV) metrics. The results showed that the net profit obtained during the whole plant operation was about 7,890 mKRW (million Korean Won) on NPV metrics and annual $CO_2$ reduction was estimated as about $2,000tCO_2$. Also it was found that the energy consumption of brine electrolysis is one of the key factors which affect the plant operation cost (ex. electricity consumption) and the net profit of the plant. Based on these results, it could be deduced that NCCU technology of this study could be one of the cost-effective $CO_2$ utilization technology options.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.147-176
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• 2003

This Paper Presents a new measurement technique to derive the level of BSRC (Basic Science and Research Capacity) index by use of the factor analysis which is extended with the assumption of the standard normal probability distribution of the selected explanatory variables. The new measurement method is used to forecast the gap of Korea's BSRC level compared with those of major OECD countries in terms of time lag and to make their international comparison during the time period of 1981∼1999, based on the assumption that the BSRC progress function of each country takes the form of the logistic curve. The US BSRC index is estimated to be 0.9878 in 1981, 0.9996 in 1990 and 0.99991 in 1999, taking the 1st place. The US BSRC level has been consistently the top among the 16 selected variables, followed by Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, in order. Korea's BSRC is estimated to be 0.2293 in 1981, taking the lowest place among the 16 OECD countries. However, Korea's BSRC indices are estimated to have been increased to 0.3216 (in 1990) and 0.44652 (in 1999) respectively, taking 10th place. Meanwhile, Korea's BSRC level in 1999 (0.44652) is estimated to reach those of the US and Japan in 2233 and 2101, respectively. This means that Korea falls 234 years behind USA and 102 years behind Japan, respectively. Korea is also estimated to lag 34 years behind Germany, 16 years behind France and the UK, 15 years behind Sweden, 11 years behind Canada, 7 years behind Finland, and 5 years behind the Netherlands. For the period of 1981∼1999, the BSRC development speed of the US is estimated to be 0.29700. Its rank is the top among the selected OECD countries, followed by Japan (0.12800), Korea (0.04443), and Germany (0.04029). the US BSRC development speed (0.2970) is estimated to be 2.3 times higher than that of Japan (0.1280), and 6.7 times higher than that of Korea. German BSRC development speed (0.04029) is estimated to be fastest in Europe, but it is 7.4 times slower than that of the US. The estimated BSRC development speeds of Belgium, Finland, Italy, Denmark and the UK stand between 0.01 and 0.02, which are very slow. Particularly, the BSRC development speed of Spain is estimated to be minus 0.0065, staying at the almost same level of BSRC over time (1981 ∼ 1999). Since Korea shows BSRC development speed much slower than those of the US and Japan but relative]y faster than those of other countries, the gaps in BSRC level between Korea and the other countries may get considerably narrower or even Korea will surpass possibly several countries in BSRC level, as time goes by. Korea's BSRC level had taken 10th place till 1993. However, it is estimated to be 6th place in 2010 by catching up the UK, Sweden, Finland and Holland, and 4th place in 2020 by catching up France and Canada. The empirical results are consistent with OECD (2001a)'s computation that Korea had the highest R&D expenditures growth during 1991∼1999 among all OECD countries ; and the value-added of ICT industries in total business sectors value added is 12% in Korea, but only 8% in Japan. And OECD (2001b) observed that Korea, together with the US, Sweden, and Finland, are already the four most knowledge-based countries. Hence, the rank of the knowledge-based country was measured by investment in knowledge which is defined as public and private spending on higher education, expenditures on R&D and investment in software.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.287-295
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• 2013

This paper developed advanced gravity model for higher estimation accuracy, that deals with residuals. Previously studied paper using gravity model's residual, residual calculated that observed O-D value minus derived O-D value from gravity model, and this residual added to the target year's estimated value from gravity model. In this paper, residuals calculated on gravity model parameter estimation process, and this residual is revealed the same value that observed O-D value devided by derived O-D value from gravity model. And case study resulted that developed new gravity model that applied accordance rate of observed O-D value and derived O-D value from gravity model has higher estimation accuracy than other gravity models as basic gravity model and residual plused gravity model.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1993

In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of oleic acid on the autoxidation of the commercial rice bran oil. Rice bran oil samples with oleic acid at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% level were kept at 45 $\pm$ 0.3$^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. The rate of autoxidation of each samples was estimated regularly on the basis of the changes of peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value and the fatty acid composition. The per oxide, acid and anisidine values of the rice bran oil with the oleic acid increased as compared with that of the rice bran oil without the oleic acid during the autoxidation. The induction period of the rice bran oil without the oleic acid, control was 19.8 days, while those of the rice bran oil with oleic acid at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% levels were 18.3 days, 16.8 days, and 15.5 days, respectively. In conclusion, it seemed that oleic acid acted as weak prooxidant when added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% levels to the commercial rice bran oil.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 1991

In the present study, an attempt was made to Investigate the effect of stearic acid on the autoxidation of the commercial rice bran oil, Rice bran oil samples with stearic acid at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5oh level were kept at 45$\pm$0.3$^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. The rate of autoxidation of each samples was estimated regularly on the basis of the changes of peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value and the fatty acid composition. The results were as follows : The peroxide, acid and anisidine values of the rice bran oil with the stearic acid at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.591 levels during the autoxidation Increased as compared with that of the rice bran oil without the stearic acid. The induction period of the rice bran oil without the stearic acid, control was 19.0days, while those of the bran oil with stearic acid at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% levels varied 19.0 days, 17.7days and 14.2 days, respectively. In conclusion, it seemed that stearic acid acted as weak prooxidant when added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% levels to the commercial rice bran oil. The prooxidant activity of the stearic acid appeared to depend on the oxidative mechanism and their concentration.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.553-563
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• 1996

Detecting edges is one of issues with essentialimprotance in the area of image analysis. An edge in an image is a boundary or contour at which a significant change occurs in image intensity. Edge detection has been studied in many addlications such as imagesegmentation, robot vision, and image compression. In this paper, we propose an automatic threshold selection scheme for edge detection and show its application to noise elimination. The scheme suggested here applied statistical properties of the noise estimated from a noisy image to threshold selection. Since a selected threshold value in the scheme depends on not the characgreistic of an orginal image but the statistical feature of added noise, we can remove ad-hoc manners used for selecting the threshold value as well as decide the value theoretically. Furthermore, that shceme can reduce the number of edge pixels either generated or lost by noise. an application of the scheme to noise elimination is shown here. Noise in the input image can be eliminated with considering the direction of each edge pixedl on the edge map obtained by applying the threshold selection scheme proposed in this paper. Achieving significantly improved results in terms of SNR as well as subjective quality, we can claim that the suggested method works well.