• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 1984

20-39세 사이의 성인 남자 34명과 여자 35명에 대하여 혈청 유리 아미노산의 정상치를 구하였다. 성인 남녀 다 같이 threonine(일부glutamine이 포함)alanine, lysine이 아미노산 중에서 약 40%를 차지하고 있었으며, 총 필수 아미노산의 함량은 총비필수 아미노산의 함량보다 유의하게 낮았다. 혈청아미노산 조성에서 뚜렷한 성별의 차이가 나타났는데 성인 남자에서는 alanine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, proline 등이 , 여자에서는 lysine, histidine이 각각 유의하게 높은 수준을 보였다. 총 필수 아미노산의 함량 그리고 총비필수 아미노산 및 총 아미노산에 대한 총필수 아미노산의 몰비도 성인 남자가 유의성 있는 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 아울러 총필수 아미노산에 대한 각 필수 아미노산의 몰비를 구하여 성별로 비교하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2000

The lipoxygenase was purified 35 fold to homogeneity from the Korean red potato by an ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The simple purification method is useful for the preparation of pure lipoxygenase. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 38,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. The purified enzyme with 2 M $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in a potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, was very stable for 5 months at $-20^{\circ}C$. Because the purified lipoxygenase is very stable, it could be useful for the screening of a lipoxygenase inhibitor. The optimal pH and temperature for lipoxygenase purified from the red potato were found to be pH 9.0. and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The Km and Vmax values for linoleic acid of the lipoxygenase purified from the red potato were $48\;{\mu}M$ and $0.03\;{\mu}M$ per minute per milligram of protein, respectively. The enzyme was insensitive to the metal chelating agents tested (2 mM KCN, 1 and 10mM EDTA, and 1 mM $NaN_3$), but was inhibited by several divalent cations, such as $Cu^{++}$, $Co^{++}$ and $Ni^{++}$. The essential amino acids that were involved in the catalytic mechanism of the 5-lipoxygenase from the Korean red potato were determined by chemical modification studies. The catalytic activity of lipoxygenase from the red potato was seriously reduced after treatment with a diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) modifying histidine residue and Woodward's reagent (WRK) modifying aspartic/glutamic acid. The inactivation reaction of DEPC (WRK) processed in the form of pseudo-first-order kinetics. The double-logarithmic plot of the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant against the modifier concentration yielded a reaction order 2, indicating that two histidine residues (carboxylic acids) were essential for the lipoxygenase activity from the red potato. The linoleic acid protected the enzyme against inactivation by DEPC(WRK), revealing that histidine and carboxylic amino acids residues were present at the substrate binding site of the enzyme molecules.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2015

Hybrid histidine kinase is a part of two-component system that is required for various stress responses and pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi. In the present study, Tco1, a homologue of human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Tco1 encoding a hybrid histidine kinase, was identified in corn smut pathogen Ustilago maydis by bioinformatic analysis. To explore the role of Tco1 in the virulence of U. maydis, mutants in which the tco1 gene was partially deleted were constructed by allelic exchange. The U. maydis tco1 mutants did show unaltered growth rate on axenic medium but were unable to produce conjugation tubes and develop fuzzy filaments, resulting in impaired mating of compatible strains. The expression levels of prf1, pra1, and mfa1 which are involved in the pheromone pathway significantly decreased in the tco1 mutants. In inoculation tests to host, the tco1 mutants showed significantly reduced ability in the production of anthocyanin pigments and tumor development on maize leaves. Overall, the combined results indicated that Tco1 plays important roles in sexual development and virulence of U. maydis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in the pheromone pathway.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1993

In order to examine food components of coho salmon and rainbow-trout, We analyzed the composition of protein, amino acids and total lipids. The coho salmon muscle contained about 19.3% of protein with the composition of 29.9% in sarcoplasmic protein, 56.3oA in myofibrillar protein 12.5% alkali soluble protein and 2.6% in stroma. Those of rainbow-trout contained 34.1%, 56.4%, 8.3% and 2.9%, respectively. The sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein were composed of 13 subunits in coho salmon, and 16 and 15 subunits in rainbow-trout. Judging from the contents of essential amino acids, both muscle proteins were complete proteins. The most remarkable feature of free amino acids was that a large amount of dipeptide anserine was present with fairly lower levels of 1 methyl histidine, taurine, histidine, alanine and glycine in both muscle extracts. The total fatty acids of coho salmon was composed of 31.49% polyenes, 43.79% monoenes and 24.73% saturates. The composition of total fatty acid of coho salmon muscle was not different from that of rainbow-trout muscle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1010-1022
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• 2017

Hybrid histidine kinase is part of a two-component system that is required for various stress responses and pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi. The Tco1 gene in human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans encodes a hybrid histidine kinase and is important for pathogenesis. In this study, we identified a Tco1 homolog, UmTco1, in the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis by bioinformatics analysis. To explore the role of UmTco1 in the survival of U. maydis under environmental stresses and its pathogenesis, ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants were constructed by allelic exchange. The growth of ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants was significantly impaired when they were cultured under hyperosmotic stress. The ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants exhibited increased resistance to antifungal agent fludioxonil. In particular, the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants were unable to produce cytokinesis or conjugation tubes, and to develop fuzzy filaments, resulting in impaired mating between compatible strains. The expression levels of Prf1, Pra1, and Mfa1, which are involved in the pheromone pathway, were significantly decreased in the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants. In inoculation tests to the host plant, the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants showed significantly reduced ability in the production of anthocyanin pigments and tumor development on maize leaves. Overall, the combined results indicated that UmTco1 plays important roles in the survival under hyperosmotic stress, and contributes to cytokinesis, sexual development, and virulence of U. maydis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in the pheromone pathway.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.681-686
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• 2005

동백잎의 채취시기에 따른 일반성분, 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산, catechin, chlorophyll 및 total polyphenol 등의 함량은 다음과 같다. 동백 잎의 조단백과 조지방 및 ascorbic acid 함량은 채취시기가 늦을수록 감소하였고, 조회분과 조섬유 함량은 채취 시기가 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose 등 3개의 당이 확인되었고, 총 유리 당 함량은 채취시기가 늦을수록 증가하였다. 유기산은 citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid 등이 검출되었고, 채취 시기가 늦을수록 총함량은 증가하였다. 동백잎의 주된 유리아미노산은 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine이었고, 채취시기가 늦을수록 총유리 아미노산 함량은 감소하였다. 동백잎의 주된 구성아미노산은 histidine, alanine이었고, 채취시기가 늦을수록 구성아미노산의 함량은 감소하였으며, 총아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 증가하였다. 동백 잎에 함유된 무기질은 P, Ca, K, Na, Fe등으로 채취시기가 늦을수록 함량은 증가하였으며, 동백 잎의 chlorophyll 함량과 total polyphenol 함량은 채취 시기가 늦을수록 증가하였다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

국내외에서 수집한 표고 품종을 대상으로 영양성분 및 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량을 분석한 결과 수집한 표고의 유리당 함량을 분석한 결과 총 4종의 유리당이 검출되었으며, 그 중 trehalose 함량은 시료별로 0.83~9%까지 큰 차이를 보였다. 구성아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 총 아미노산함량은 중국 톱밥배지 표고 JMI10050에서 17,672 mg%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 필수아미노산의 함량은 국내 원목재배표고 JMI10059에서 6,211 mg% 가장 높게 나타났다. 유리아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과, 총 16종의 아미노산이 검출되었으며, 주요 유리아미노산으로는 histidine, glutamic acid 및 arginine으로 나타났다. 필수 유리아미노산인 threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine 및 lysine의 함량은 중국 톱밥배지 표고 JMI10052에서 521.06 mg%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 중국에서 수집한 표고에 비하여 국내에서 재배된 표고의 ${\beta}$-glucan이 약 10% 가량 높게 검출되었고, 그 중 국내원목재배 표고 JMI10066이 31.74%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 1990

잣종자의 영양분(營養分) 함량(含量)을 알기위하여 일반분석(一般分析), 아미노산(酸) 분석(分析), 지방산(脂肪酸) 분석(分析), 비타민 분석(分析)을 행하였다. 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約) 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반분석(一般分析)에서 잣종자에 함유(含有)된 수분(水分)은 4.4%, 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 18.3%, 조지방(粗脂肪)은 67.3%, 조섬유(粗纖維)는 4.7%, 회분(灰分)은 2.2%, 가용성(可溶性) 무질소물(無窒素物)은 3.1% 였다. 2. 아미노산(酸)은 모두 18종(種), 즉 lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cysteic acid, tryptophan 등이 분석(分析)되였으며 이중 가장 많이 함유(含有)된 성분(成分)은 glutamic acid 였다. 3. 필수(必須) 아미노산(酸) 10종(種) 즉, arginine, histidine, lysine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan 등이 모두 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 4. 지방산(脂肪酸)은 모두 13종(種) 즉, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, 9 icosenoic acid, 9, 11-icosenoic acid, 8, 11, 14-icosatrienoic acid, 그리고 알 수 없는 2종(種)의 8읍 지방산(脂肪酸)등이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 필수지방산(必須脂肪酸)인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid 모두 함유(含有)되어 있었으며, 가장 많이 함유(含有)된 지방산(脂肪酸)은 linoleic acid 였다. 5. 비타민 A, $B_1$, $B_2$, E, niacin 등 5종(種)의 비타민이 함유(含有)되어 있었으며, 이중 가장 많은 것은 비타민 E 였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1186-1194
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum dietary essential amino acid pattern for male Taiwan country chicks. A series of experiments was conducted with chicks, 14 d of age, for 2 wks. A basal synthetic diet was established using a dose response test for all essential amino acids referring to the broiler requirements recommended by NRC (1994). Twelve chicks were sacrificed at the beginning to provide initial body nitrogen data, and every group of six birds received the basal diet or a diet with a deficiency in a single essential amino acid in twenty one treatments by intubation according to their daily metabolic body weight (MBW). Deposited body nitrogen was determined using comparative slaughtering. According to the daily intake from the limiting amino acid per unit of MBW and the body nitrogen accretion rates for every two deficient groups with the same limiting amino acid but at different levels, a corresponding straight line was computed for each essential amino acid to intersect with a horizontal line made by the body nitrogen accretion rate of the control group. The x coordinate of the intersection represented the daily requirement for growth plus maintenance based on MBW corresponding to the essential amino acid. The amino acid ratios can be considered as the optimum pattern of dietary essential amino acids. The results, expressed with respect to lysine = 100, were arginine 105, methionine 81, histidine 34, tryptophan 18, leucine 103, phenylalanine 135, isoleucine 69, threonine 65 and valine 79. This pattern could be utilized to compute the dietary requirements (g/kg feed) for all essential amino acids by multiplying by the requirement of a single essential amino acid cited from the literature.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.714-719
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• 2006

다시마가 계란의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 다시마 분말을 일반사료에 10, 20% 첨가한 혼합 사료를 제조한 후 산란계에 10주간 식이하면서 생산한 계란의 색깔, 무기질 조성, 난각의 강도, 총 콜레스테롤 함량 및 아미노산 조성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다시마 함량을 증가시킴에 따라서, 난백 및 난황의 색깔은 검붉은 색으로 변화하는 경향이나 시험구간의 유의차는 거의 없었다. 무기질 중, 칼슘, 철, 칼륨, 마그네슘의 함량은 증가하고 인의 함량은 감소하여 총 무기질 함량은 860.9mg%에서 936.8 mg%로 증가하였다. 난각의 파단강도 (tensile strength)는 $63g/cm^2$에서 $77g/cm^2$로 높아졌다. 총콜레스테롤의 함량은 1,760mg%에서 1,113 mg%로 36.8% 감소하였다. 분석 한 17개 아미노산 중 histidine을 제외 한 모든 아미노산은 감소하였으나, histidine 함량은 2,024.0mg%에서 2,119.6 mg%로 증가하였다. 필수 아미노산 함량은 42.1%에서 42.6%로 거의 변화가 없었다.