• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2005

To find potential targets of novel antimicrobial agents, we identified essential genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae using comparative genomics and allelic replacement mutagenesis. We compared the genome of S. pneumoniae R6 with those of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, and selected 693 candidate target genes with > 40% amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding genes in at least two of the other species. The 693 genes were disrupted and 133 were found to be essential for growth. Of these, 32 encoded proteins of unknown function, and we were able to identify orthologues of 22 of these genes by genomic comparisons. The experimental method used in this study is easy to perform, rapid and efficient for identifying essential genes of bacterial pathogens.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2002

In view of the effect of antithrombin III on essential hypertension, we investigated the 5' untranslated exon 1 length (I/D) polymorphism and intron 5'-DdeI RFLP of the human antithrombin III gene in the Korean patients with essential hypertension. There were no significant differences in the allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of these polymorphisms between normotensive and essential hypertensive subjects. The significant linkage disequilibrium was however, detected between I/D polymorphism and Dde I RFLP. The I/D polymorphism was also significantly associated with BMI, total cholesterol (TC) and HDL- cholesterol levels, while DdeI polymorphism with age and BMI. Therefore, our results suggest that the significant association between the genetic polymorphisms in the antithrombin III gene and variable cardiovascular risk factors may reflect the potential role of human antithrombin III gene in cardiovascular function.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Objective : This article is based on a formula taken from Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber(金匮要略). Shen Qi Pill(肾气丸) is generally used for such deficiency cases as: consumptive diseases, xiaoke(消渴) (waisting, thirst), beriberi, urinary problems during pregnancy, phlegm and so forth, and its main purpose is to treat Kidney Qi depletion, Qi transformation disorders, without obvious hot/cold appearance patterns. Method : Mainly through the literature study of related treatise on IInner Canon of the Yellow Emperor's internal classic(黃帝内经) and The Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber. Result : According to the Yellow Emperor's internal classic, the Kidney has three main functions, storing essence, controlling the waters and holding Qi. Shen Qi Pill's(肾气丸) source formula is intended to supplement even though its constituent herbs aren't the warming type. To reinforce the Qi's transformation ability is considered to be a main function of the kidney organ, and in clinic, diagnosed kidney related problems and its treatment process are mainly associated with warming to help the Qi transforming. Conclusion : Thus recovering the kidneys Qi's transformation function is part of the process to eliminate diseases. Just cause the Kidney is deficient we shouldn't think immediately of using warming supplement herbs.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 1985

For the past 10 years, the socioeconomic status of our country was markedly improved. Accordingly, our foodintake patterns and other alt parts are preparing to blance with developed countries. Especially, be westernizing or improving our foodintake patterns, we intake much fat diet(animal food) while our physical activities decrease and alcohol consumtion's population, smoking population gradually increase. For such reasons, the population of obese tendency and cardiovascular diseases are increased. According to recent reports, among all death causes in our country, cardiovascular diseases(hypertension, hypertensive cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases) occupyd top rank, we know. I(the author) studied the inter-relation between serum cholesterol level which is the important factor of the cardiovascular diseases and essential hypertension liver diseases, hyperglycemia, some cardiac problems which are main decline causes in life insurance's medical assessment, and body weight distribution. Studied samples were selected on 4,313 cases(male; 1,791, female; 2,522) who were tested liver function test from June, 11th, 1980 to Dec., 31st, 1983 on our medical department's laboratory. I selected two groups in those cases: one group was serum cholesterol level 180mg/dl over(11% of whole LFT examed cases: No=502 cases), the other group was serum cholesterol level 120-160mg/dl(No= 502 cases). For convenience, the group of serum cholesterol level 180mg/dl over was "A" the other group was "B", I described. All examed persons of LFT were resident m Tae-Jon city in that time. On the result, 1) Decline rate is 10.5% on the "A" group, 5.9% on the "B" group. "A" group reveals 1.8 times higher than "B" group. 2) On decline causes, Essential hypertension is 4.0 times higher on the "A" group than "B", liver function's abnormalities are 2.0 times higher on "A" group than "B" and other diseases are same on "A" and "B". On the "A" group, essential hypertension is considerably higher than "B" group. 3) On the body weight distribution, the cases of 70kg(B.W.) over is 19.7% on "A", 10.6% on "B" group. Obese tendency is 1.8 folds higher on "A" group than "B" group. Studing the result, we find high serum cholesterol concentration is closely related with essential hypertension, obese tendency and liver function's abnormalities on the life insurance's medical examination part, also. On the future, we will more carefully consider the serum cholesterol concentration on our medical examnination and assessment of life insurance, I think.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2007

The aerial part of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura has traditionally been used for inflammation, infectious disease, cancer, pyretic, diuretic, liver protective effect, and choleretic purposes in Korea. We investigated that the essential oil induces apoptosis in KB cell as evidenced by Hoechst-33258 dye staining, flow cytometry (cell cycles), and DNA fragmentation for nuclear condensation and Western blotting for activation of caspases-3, -8, -9, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In the present study, we found that the essential oil could induce apoptosis in KB cells, as characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and PARP cleavage. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed as a dose-dependent. The essential oil-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. The essential oil also caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. These findings indicate that mitochondrial pathways might be involved in the essential oil-induced apoptosis and enhance our understanding of the anticancer function of the essential oil in herbal medicine.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.649-654
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• 2002

The essential philosophy of the QFT(Quantitative Feedback Theory) is that a suitable controller can be found by loop shaping a nominal loop transfer function such that the frequency response of this function does not violate the QFT bounds. The loop shaping synthesis involves the identification of a structure and its specialization by means of the parameter optimization. This paper presents an optimization algorithm to estimate the controller parameters from the frequency transfer function synthesis using the TLS(Total Least Squares) in the QFT loop shaping procedure. The proposed method identifies the parameter vector of the robust controller from an overdetermined linear system developed from rearranging the two dimensional system matrices and output vectors obtained from the QFT bounds. The feasibility of the suggested algorithm is illustrated with an example.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2011

A recent trend in software reliability engineering accounts for the coverage growth behavior during testing. The coverage growth function (representing the coverage growth behavior) has become an essential component of software reliability models. Application of a coverage growth function requires the estimation of the coverage growth function. This paper considers the problem of estimating the coverage growth function. The existing maximum likelihood method is reviewed and corrected. A method of minimizing the sum of squares of the standardized prediction error is proposed for situations where the maximum likelihood method is not applicable.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.909-916
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• 2010

A trend in software reliability engineering is to take into account the coverage growth behavior during testing. A coverage growth function that represents the coverage growth behavior is an essential factor in software reliability models. When multiple competitive coverage growth functions are available, there is a need for a criterion to select the best coverage growth functions. This paper proposes a selection criterion based on the prediction error. The conditional coverage growth function is introduced for predicting future coverage growth. Then the sum of the squares of the prediction error is defined and used for selecting the best coverage growth function.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1288-1295
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• 1990

In this paper, we propose a parallel processing model for the efficient selection of Prime Implicants of Logic Functions. This model consists of simple parallel processing nodes, connections between them, Max Net (a part of Hamming Net) and quasi essential Prime Implicant selection standard in simplified cost form. Through these, this model selects essential Prime Implicants in a certain period of time regardless of the number of given Prime Implicants and minterms and also selects quasi essential Prime Implicants in short time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.20
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• pp.33-38
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• 1989

In order to achieve the most suitable designing of shoemaking, the structure of shoemaking is described in this study by inquiring into structural and functional effects given by shoes to human feet. Also, the role of insole that is an essential portion in view of function in shoemaking is described and. for the improvement of quality the fact that selection of material of insole has an effect to quality is substantiated through experiments of adhesive tensile and absorption percentage. Though identification of the qualify of insole with the naked eyes is impossible because it is inserted between the internal layers of a shoe. It is not only an essential portion for the improvement of the quality of shoemaking but it gives an essential effect to the sanitation and health of human body(feet) when insole of lower qualify is used. In view of these the improvement and enhancement of the quality of home-made material of insole are earnestly required.