• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2012

Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases and for general health maintenance in people of all ages. Ginseng is also used to ameliorate menopausal systems. We investigated the estrogenic activity of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in a transient transfection system, using estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen-responsive luciferase plasmids in MCF-7 cells. The extract activated both ER${\alpha}$ and ER${\beta}$. KRG modulated the mRNA levels of estrogen-responsive genes such as pS2 and ESR1 and decreased the protein level of ER${\alpha}$. In order to examine in vivo estrogenic activity of KRG, sixteen female Sprague-Dawley rats separated into four groups were studied for nine weeks: non-ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with olive oil, OVX rats treated with olive oil, OVX rats treated with 17-${\beta}$-estradiol (E2) in olive oil, and OVX rats treated with KRG extract in olive oil. The experiments were repeated for three times and the data of twelve rats were combined. Body weight of OVX rats was greater than that of sham-operated control rats and was decreased by E2 treatment. Uterine weight increased after E2 treatment compared to OVX rats. However, no difference in body or uterine weight was observed with KRG intake. KRG induced reductions in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not to the same degree as did E2 intake. These results show that KRG does contain estrogenic activity as manifested by in vitro study but the activity is not strong enough to elicit physiological responses.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2023

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of Ajmodadi Churna (AC) and its effect on Complete freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.2 mL CFA into sub plantar surface of left hind paw. Test sample AC-1 and AC-2, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively was given to the animals for 21 consecutive days. The increase in swelling was observed after induction of arthritis. The paw edema was measured on 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 day using Vernier caliper after the induction of arthritis. The collected blood samples further used for the estimation of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), and hemoglobin (Hb), using hematology analyzer. Serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α were also measured using rat ELISA kits. Results: Results showed that a significant reduction in paw edema was observed in AC-2 treated rats. The paw edema was restored on day 21 was 4.48 mm for AC-2, which is near to the control group. The arthritis score in treated rats was found to be considerably lower than in the control group i.e. 0.83 for AC-2 and 1.50 for AC-1. A decrease in levels of RBC and hemoglobin were observed in arthritic rats. Inflammation was significantly reduced and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were lowered after treatment with the test drug. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that AC possess significant anti-arthritic activity. Furthermore, this condition was linked to a reduction in abnormal humoral immune responses.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2021

We report, synthesis of high surface area composite carbon aerogel using additive based polymerization technique by incorporating graphitic porous carbon as additive. This additive was separately prepared using sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol-furfuraldehyde in iso-propyl alcohol medium at much above the routine gelation temperature to yield porous carbon (CA-IPA) having graphitic layered morphology. CA-IPA exhibited a unique combination of meso-pore dominated surface area (~ 700 m²/g) and good conductivity of ~ 300 S/m. The composite carbon aerogel (CCA) was synthesized by traditional aqueous medium based resorcinol-formaldehyde gelation with CA-IPA as additive. The presence of CA-IPA favored enhanced meso-porosity as well as contributed to improvement in bulk conductivity. Based on the surface area characteristics, CCA-8 composition having 8% additive was found to be optimum. It showed specific surface area of ~ 2056 m²/g, mesopore area of 827 m²/g and electrical conductivity of 180 S/m. The electrode formed with CCA-8 showed improved electrochemical behavior, with specific capacitance of 148 F/g & ESR < 1 Ω, making it a better choice as super capacitor for energy storage applications.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2023

Objective: This study reported the effectiveness of Korean medicine for a patient with Type-1 diabetes mellitus after pancreatectomy with a compression fracture of the thoracic spine. Methods: A patient diagnosed with Type-1 diabetes mellitus after a pancreatectomy was treated with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Gami-hwanggigyejiomul-tang (modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decotion), Jindang-won, etc. The conventional treatment was maintained using an insulin pump and insulin injection. Results: Blood glucose (FBS/PP2hrs), ESR and CRP decreased after one month of treatment. Conclusion: Gami-hwanggigyejiomul-tang and Jindang-won may be effective treatments for Type-1 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this case.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2008

Protein-energy malnutrition is regarded as one of the public health problems in developing countries as a result of poor feeding practices due to poverty. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating nutritional quality of a potential weaning food formulated from locally available food materials. The cooking banana fruit(CB) and bambara groundnut seeds(BG) were purchased from local market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The CB and BG were processed into flours, mixed in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 and subjected into proximate, sensory and biochemical analyses using standard procedures. Nutrend(a commercial formula) and ogi(corn gruel, a traditional weaning food) were used as control. The nutritient composition(g/100 g) of the food samples were ranged as follows: moisture 2.94-6.94, protein 7.02-16.0, ash 1.76-2.99, fat 0.76-8.45, fibre 1.52-3.75, carbohydrate 63.84-88.43 and energy 1569.8-1665.7 kcal. The biological value(BV), net protein retention(NPR), protein efficiency ratio(PER) and feed efficiency ratio(FER) of the experimental food samples were significantly(p<0.05) lower than nutrend, but higher than ogi. The haematological variables of rats fed with formulated food samples, commercial formula(nutrend) and traditional weaning food(ogi) were not significantly(p>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. However, the values obtained for red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), pack cell volume(PCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were higher in the experimental food samples than the commercial food. The growth rate of animals fed with experimental food samples were lower than those fed with the nutrend, but higher than those fed with ogi. In conclusion, the nutritional quality of CB and fermented BG mix of 60:40 ratio was better than ogi; and comparable to the nutrend. This implies that it can be used to replace low quality traditional weaning food and the expensive commercial weaning formula.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.181-181
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• 2016

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (${\mu}c-Si:H$) films have attracted much attention as materials of the bottom-cells in Si thin film tandem photovoltaics due to their low bandgap and excellent stability against light soaking. However, in PECVD, the source gas $SiH_4$ must be highly diluted by $H_2$, which eventually results in low deposition rate. Moreover, it is known that high-rate ${\mu}c-Si:H$ growth is usually accompanied by a large number of dangling-bond (DB) defects in the resulting films, which act as recombination centers for photoexcited carriers, leading to a deterioration in the device performance. During film deposition, Si nanoparticles generated in $SiH_4$ discharges can be incorporated into films, and such incorporation may have effects on film properties depending on the size, structure, and volume fraction of nanoparticles incorporated into films. Here we report experimental results on the effects of nonoparticles incorporation at the different substrate temperature studied using a multi-hollow discharge plasma CVD method in which such incorporation can be significantly suppressed in upstream region by setting the gas flow velocity high enough to drive nanoparticles toward the downstream region. All experiments were performed with the multi-hollow discharge plasma CVD reactor at RT, 100, and $250^{\circ}C$, respectively. The gas flow rate ratio of $SiH_4$ to $H_2$ was 0.997. The total gas pressure P was kept at 2 Torr. The discharge frequency and power were 60 MHz, 180 W, respectively. Crystallinity Xc of resulting films was evaluated using Raman spectra. The defect densities of the films were measured with electron spin resonance (ESR). The defect density of fims deposited in the downstream region (with nonoparticles) is higher defect density than that in the upstream region (without nanoparticles) at low substrate temperature of RT and $100^{\circ}C$. This result indicates that nanoparticle incorporation can change considerably their film properties depending on the substrate temperature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2006

Objective : The safety of titanium metal cages in tuberculous spondylitis has not been investigated. We evaluated the outcome and complications of titanium mesh cages for reconstruction after thoracolumbar vertebrectomy in the tuberculous spondylitis. Methods : There were 17 patients with 18 operations on the tuberculous spondylitis in this study. Sixteen patients were operated with anterior corpectomy and reconstruction with titanium mesh cage followed by posterior transpedicular screw fixations on same day, two pateints were operated by either anterior or posterior approach only. After the affected vertebral body resection and pus drainage from the psoas muscle, titanium mesh cage, filled with morselized autogenous bone, was inserted. All the patients had antituberculosis medication for 18 months. The degree of kyphosis correction and the subsidence of cage were measured in the 15 patients available at a minimum of 2 years. Outcome was assessed with various cross-sectional outcome measures. Recurrent infection was identified by serial ESR[Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate] and CRP[Cross Reactive Protein]. Results : There was no complication from the use of a titanium mesh cage. Recurrent infection was not detected in any case. Average preoperative of $9.2^{\circ}$ was reduced to $-2^{\circ}$ at immediate postoperative period, and on final follow up period kyphotic angle was measured to be $4.5^{\circ}$. Postoperatively, subsidence was detected in most patients especially at ambulation period, however further subsidence was prevented by the titanium mesh cage. Osseous union was identified in all cases at the final follow-up. Conclusion : The cylindrical mesh cage is a successful instrument in restoring and maintaining sagittal plane alignment without infection recurrence after vertebrectomy for tuberculous spondylitis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한약재의 장기보존을 위한 위생처리법으로 잘 알려진 감마선 조사 처리 시 독활 추출물의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 천연 약용식물인 독활의 감마선 조사 처리에 따른 조사 판별 marker 확인을 위해 광자극발광법, 열발광분석법, 전자스핀공명법을 이용하여 확인시험법의 판별 특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 광자극발광법에서 비조사구 0 kGy에서 891.00 PCs의 중간시료 수치를 나타내어 광자극발광법 단독으로는 조사 여부 판별 확인이 어려운 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 열발광분석법, 전자스핀 공명법에서는 조사구와 비조사구 간의 차이를 명확히 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 한약재인 독활은 3가지 확인 시험법을 모두 적용하여 분석하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 에탄올 농도별 추출에서는 50% 에탄올에서 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 각각 5.98 mg/g, 6.86 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 확인을 위해 추출물의 phenolic 농도를 $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$로 조절하여 DPPH radical 소거 효과를 측정한 결과 열수와 50% 에탄올 추출물의 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도 전 구간에서 84.04~100.00%의 매우 높은 소거효과를 나타내었으나, 감마선 조사 처리에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. ABTS radical 소거 활성 측정 결과 열수와 50% 에탄올 추출물의 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도에서 95% 이상의 높은 소거 효과를 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor(PF) 측정 결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도 처리 시 열수 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 각각 2.51 PF, 2.01 PF, 50% 에탄올 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy는 각각 1.38 PF, 1.48 PF를 나타내었다. TBARs 저해 효과는 $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도 전 구간에서 열수 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 65.23~83.10%를 나타냈으며, 50% 에탄올 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 70.67~95.81%로 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과 감마선 조사 처리에 따른 total phenolic compounds 함량은 열수 추출물의 경우 조사 처리 후 함량이 감소하였고, 50% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 조사 처리 후 함량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 독활의 장기저장을 위해 처리한 감마선 조사 전과 후 독활 추출물의 항산화 활성 변화에는 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보이며 이는 감마선 조사법이 독활을 포함한 한약재의 장기저장을 위한 처리법으로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2019

목적: 슬관절 전치환술 후 진균에 의한 감염은 드물지만 심각한 합병증으로 알려져 있으며 그 치료에 있어 항진균제 투여 기간이나 수술의 방법에 대해서는 이견이 있다. 이에 저자들은 인공 관절 주위 진균 감염에 대한 치료 결과 및 임상경과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년부터 2017년까지 슬관절 전치환술 후 진균 감염으로 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 2단계 재치환술을 시행받은 10명의 환자를 같은 기간 비진균 인공 슬관절 주위 감염으로 치료받은 119명의 환자와 비교하였다. 임상적 평가는 2단계 재치환술에 의한 감염 조절의 실패율과 감염의 재발률 및 정주용 항생제 및 항진균제 사용기간, 2단계 재치환술 후 관절 운동 범위, 한국형 슬관절 점수(Korean knee score, KKS), 적혈구 침강속도(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR), C-반응성 단백질(C-reactive protein, CRP)을 평가하였다. 결과: 진균이 동정된 군 총 10예 중 7예(70.0%)에서 감염조절의 실패를 보였고 일반 감염군 119예 중 7예(5.9%)에서 감염조절의 실패를 보였다(p=0.04). 진균이 동정된 군에서는 정주용 항진균제의 평균 사용기간은 15.3주로 일반 감염군에서의 정주용 항생제 평균 사용기간인 6.2주에 비해 9.1주 더 길었다(p<0.001). 감염 조절술 시행 전 슬관절 운동 범위는 두 군에서 모두 증가하였다(p=0.265). 최종 추시 시 KKS는 일반 감염군에서 평균 71.01점으로 나타났고 진균이 동정된 군에서 61.3점이었다(p=0.012). ESR과 CRP는 두 군에서 모두 감소하였으나 CRP만 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.007). 결론: 슬관절 전치환술 후 발생한 인공관절 주위 진균 감염에 대한 수술적 치료는 일률적으로 양호한 결과를 보이지 않으므로 감염 조절술 시행 시 항진균제 혼합 시멘트 삽입과 재치환술 후 경구용 항진균제 사용을 고려하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2009

Activated carbon (AC) with very large surface area has high capacitance per weight. However, such activation methods tend to suffer from low yields, below 50%, and are low in electrode density and capacitance per volume. Carbon NanoFibers (CNFs) had high surface area polarizability, high electrical conductivity and chemical stability, as well as extremely high mechanical strength and modulus, which make them an important material for electrochemical capacitors. The electrochemical properties of immobilized CNF electrodes were studied for use as in electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) applications. Immobilized CNFs on Ni foam grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were successfully fabricated. CNFs had a uniform diameter range from 50 to 60 nm. Surface area was 56 m$^2$/g. CNF electrodes were compared with AC and multi wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) electrodes. The electrochemical performance of the various electrodes was examined with aqueous electrolyte of 2M KOH. Equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the CNF electrodes was lower than that of AC and MWNT electrodes. The specific capacitance of 47.5 F/g of the CNF electrodes was achieved with discharge current density of 1 mA/cm$^2$.