• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the direction of improvement of safety experience education through the analysis of the evacuation time experiment. For the study, test subjects were divided into groups of similar body size and weight. The test subjects were directly experienced four evacuation devices, and the experience time was measured. As a result of the analysis of the total time from the installation of the evacuation device to the escape, the time was measured in the order of Descending Life Line-Tilt-Down Rescue Line-Vertical Escape Chute-air safety mat. In the case of evaluating the evacuation time using evacuation mechanisms, the evacuation time was measured in the order of air safety mat-Tilt-Tilt-Down Rescue Line-Descending Life Line-Vertical Escape Chute. In the first and second experiments of the Descending Life Line, time differences were observed. The escape time using the Descending Life Line was reduced in the second experiment than in the first experiment. As shown in this result, education through experience has shown that behavioral confidence and time can be managed. The conclusion of this study is that the goal of safety education is to minimize human life and property damage. Therefore, in order to bring this effect to more people, it is necessary to make efforts to keep self-safe through experiential education.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2001

This study aims to improve the Evacuation Performance o( the I)inc()unto-store in underground that is rapidly new shopping store in Korea. In this paper, The architectural properties of the floor plan and section was reviewed with egress focus, occupant load density of the Discount-store was surveyed and the procedure and method of performance based egress design for this occupancy was analysed with SIMULEX model and calculation method. As a result of modeling, more longer available safe egress time (ASET) is expected than required safe egress time (RSET)in underground discount-store. In order to improve the Evacuation Performance for this type occupancy, egress capacity including escape stair, aisle width, escape door is calculated with based on occupant load density and review of shopping cart's structure and size and maximum escape capacity of the cash counter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2013

The existing landslide warning guideline was mostly issued in 1990's and did not consider recent weather changes such as focused area heavy rainfall or regional geographic features. And every regional government applies the guideline equally which results in continued disasters. Thus it is necessary to conduct a research on landslide with regards to the correlation between the increased focused rainfall and regional geographic features. We propose a renewed emergency escape guideline against steep slope landslides that can assess most likely avalanche time according to amounts of rain and a continued raining time, for a swift escape of the residents of the affected area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.1017-1034
• /
• 2021

The "Escape the corset" movement raises the question of gender norms in dressing by rejecting the socially established ideal women's clothing. The context is similar to Rational dress of the 19th century, which claimed that women could also wear pants. Cartoons and webtoons reflect the characteristics of each era, including images and stories, and express social problems of the time implicitly and satirically. Thus, this study examined women's clothes expressed in cartoons and webtoons and analyzed their characteristics. The results are as follows. As an expression to the recipient of both clothes, women tried to form their identity through a rational attitude and break away from their embellishment, which was regarded as oppression from society. On the other hand, as an expression of the attitude of others towards the recipient of both clothes, people argued the changed appearance of women as a non-ideal form which should be corrected. This study is significant for proving that the dressing contains gender norms of the time beyond the trends.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis model for finding the correlation between visibility and evacuation time as users move in the outpatient department of the general hospital. The spatial scope of the study was limited to the first floor and second floor which are used for the outpatient department. Traffic density in outpatient departments was surveyed on site. Based on the surveyed traffic density, the evacuation simulation model was established for calculating the escape route and evacuation time for an individual user. The traffic density of the outpatient department as per the evacuation time was also calculated. With using evacuation simulations, the flow of evacuees was calculated through the density of traffic over the time of evacuation. Visibility data were set in the simulation model for users' escape routes. A correlation analysis between the product of evacuation flow measure and visibility measure of the evacuation population and evacuation time was performed. The analysis result showed negative correlation within a specific distance range. This study presented an analysis model showing that the evacuation condition considering spatial visibility in the outpatient department of general hospital visibility was negatively related to the analyzed evacuation time at the design stage.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2022

This study is a plan on the way to strengthen the survival ability by increasing the use time of air respirator by applying emergency breathing method in the situation where firefighter has to wait for RIT (Rapid Intervention Teams) because it is impossible to escape by himself or emergency escape during isolation during field activities. The research procedure first drew problems by conducting a survey on fire fighters under the Seoul Fire and Disaster Headquarters, and conducted an experiment to compare normal breathing and emergency breathing with 20 members of the Seoul 119 Special Rescue Team, and suggested emergency breathing method and training process modeling that can be applied to each field situation based on the data obtained. The experiment was conducted over 9 weeks, and it was divided into three categories: field activity situation, movement (emergency escape assumption) situation, and place (assume waiting for RIT). In the field activity situation experiment, it was confirmed that the application of skip breathing method was appropriate and the use time of air respirator increased about 1.6 ~ 1.9 times. In the moving situation or the in-situ situation, wheel breathing method was appropriate and the use time of air respirator increased about 1.6 ~ 2.4 times. However, when conducting intense activities in the field activity situation, it is recommended to use it limitedly because it is difficult to apply the emergency breathing method. If emergency breathing is not clearly learned in the body, it is difficult to use in the field, so I think systematic and continuous training is necessary. This study suggests that the application of emergency breathing method is effective enough to strengthen the survival ability of firefighters in the field.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2023

In accordance with the revision of "Special act on the safety control of publicly used establishments", this study is aim to measure the change in evacuation time due to whether safety facilities, etc. are installed of a room escape cafe business and kids cafe business(hereinafter referred to as "New publicly used establishments"), which were added as new targets of the publicly used business from June 8, 2022. In the case of new publicly used establishments or publicly used establishments whose owners are changed after the revision of the relevant laws, safety facilities, etc. are installed and maintained under the "Special act on the safety control of publicly used establishments", but in the case of existing businesses that have been operating even before the revision of the law, the business continues without safety facilities, etc. installed because the revised law is not retroactively applied. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the change in evacuation time by measuring the evacuation time to operating before the revision of the law to simulate evacuation at existing new publicly used establishments without safety facilities, etc. and measure the evacuation time at new publicly used establishments with safety facilities after the revision of the law

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2001

An investigation of the sensitivity depletion laws for rhodium SPNDs was performed to reduce the uncertainty of the sensitivity depletion laws used in Combustion Engineering (CE) reactors and to develop calculational tools that provide the sensitivity depletion laws to interpret the signal of the newly designed rhodium SPND into the local neutron flux. The calculational tools developed in this work are computer programs for a time-dependent neutron flux distribution in the rhodium emitter during depletion and for a time-dependent beta escape probability that a beta particle generated in the emitter escapes into the collector. These programs provide the sensitivity depletion laws and show the reduction of the uncertainty by about 1 % compared to that of the method employed by CE in interpreting the signal into the local neutron flux. A reduction in the uncertainty by 1 % in interpreting the signal into the local neutron flux reduces the uncertainty tv about 1 % in interpreting the signal into the local power and lengthens the lifetime of the rhodium SPND by about 10% or more.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.191.2-191.2
• /
• 2015

Details of carrier dynamics in self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) with a particular attention to nonradiative processes are not only interesting for fundamental physics, but it is also relevant to performance of optoelectronic devices and the exploitation of nanocrystals in practical applications. In general, the possible processes in such systems can be considered as radiative relaxation, carrier transfer between dots of different dimensions, Auger nonradiactive scattering, thermal escape from the dot, and trapping in surface and/or defects states. Authors of recent studies have proposed a mechanism for the carrier dynamics of time-resolved photoluminescence CdTe (a type II-VI QDs) systems. This mechanism involves the activation of phonons mediated by electron-phonon interactions. Confinement of both electrons and holes is strongly dependent on the thermal escape process, which can include multi-longitudinal optical phonon absorption resulting from carriers trapped in QD surface defects. Furthermore, the discrete quantized energies in the QD density of states (1S, 2S, 1P, etc.) arise mainly from ${\delta}$-functions in the QDs, which are related to different orbitals. Multiple discrete transitions between well separated energy states may play a critical role in carrier dynamics at low temperature when the thermal escape processes is not available. The decay time in QD structures slightly increases with temperature due to the redistribution of the QDs into discrete levels. Among II-VI QDs, wide-gap CdZnTe QD structures characterized by large excitonic binding energies are of great interest because of their potential use in optoelectronic devices that operate in the green spectral range. Furthermore, CdZnTe layers have emerged as excellent candidates for possible fabrication of ferroelectric non-volatile flash memory. In this study, we investigated the optical properties of CdZnTe/ZnTe QDs on Si substrate grown using molecular beam epitaxy. Time-resolved and temperature-dependent PL measurements were carried out in order to investigate the temperature-dependent carrier dynamics and the activation energy of CdZnTe/ZnTe QDs on Si substrate.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.471-526
• /
• 2016

In order to investigate water flow characteristics after inrushing in process of karst tunnel excavation, numerical simulations for five case studies of water inrush from the tunnel floor are carried out by using the FLUENT software on the background of Qiyueshan high risk karst tunnel. Firstly, the velocity-distance curves and pressure-distance curves are drawn by selecting a series of probing lines in a plane. Then, the variation characteristics of velocity and pressure are analyzed and the respective optimized escape routes are made. Finally, water flow characteristics after inrushing from the tunnel floor are discussed and summarized by comparing case studies under the conditions of different water-inrush positions and excavation situations. The results show that: (1) Tunnel constructors should first move to the tunnel side wall and then escape quickly when water inrush happens. (2) Tunnel constructors must not stay at the intersection area of the cross passage and tunnels when escaping. (3) When water inrush from floor happens in the left tunnel, if tunnel constructors meet the cross passage during escaping, they should pass through it rapidly, turn to the right tunnel and run to the entrance. (4) When water inrush from floor happens in the left tunnel, if there is not enough time to escape, tunnel constructors can run to the trolley and other equipment in the vicinity of the right tunnel working face. In addition, some rescuing equipment can be set up at the high location of the cross passage. (5) When water inrush from floor happens in the cross passage, tunnel constructors should move to the tunnel side wall quickly, turn to the tunnel without water inrush and run to the entrance. (6) When water inrush from floor happens in the cross passage, if there is not enough time to escape, tunnel constructors can run to the trolley and other equipment near by the left or the right tunnel working face. The results are of important practical significance and engineering value to ensure the safety of tunnel construction.