• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.643-654
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• 2018

In order to understand and manage traffic flows in urban areas in the past, a variety of traffic engineering theoretical indicators such as intersection lag and highway speed have been applied. However, these theories and indicators have been developed under the constraints of traffic engineering research before the construction of intelligent transportation system. Since the ATIS system currently exists, it is necessary to introduce a separate traffic engineering technology that utilizes the data. In this paper, it is aimed to confirm whether it is applicable to intermittent flow (approach road, intersection, control group, main road axis) by using 'congestion intensity' which is already used in traffic engineering field. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The traffic signal improvement effect of urban road access road, intersection road, control group, Two verification studies were performed to verify the derived congestion intensity index. (1) verification of congestion intensity threshold value analysis and (2) crossing improvement using the congestion intensity. Through verification, it was confirmed that it is possible to apply the congestion intensity in the inter - city intermittent flow using the 5 - minute unit speed data so as to be able to escape from the existing traffic signal operation management which is past passive and manpower limit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.870-874
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• 2018

In the worst maritime accidents, people should abandon ship, but ship structures are narrow and complex and operation takes place on rough seas, so escape is not easy. In particular, passengers on cruise ships are untrained and varied, making evacuation prospects worse. In such a case, the evacuation management of the crew plays a very important role. If a rescuer enters a ship at distress and conducts rescue activities, which zones represent the most effective entry should be examined. Generally, crew and rescuers take the shortest route, but if an accident occurs along the shortest route, it is necessary to select the second-best alternative. To solve this situation, this study aims to calculate evacuation routes using Q-Learning of Reinforcement Learning, which is a machine learning technique. Reinforcement learning is one of the most important functions of artificial intelligence and is currently used in many fields. Most evacuation analysis programs developed so far use the shortest path search method. For this reason, this study explored optimal paths using reinforcement learning. In the future, machine learning techniques will be applicable to various marine-related industries for such purposes as the selection of optimal routes for autonomous vessels and risk avoidance.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.46-54
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• 2018

A total of 19 elevators for evacuation were installed in the Lotte World Tower and it is planned to operate the shuttle using the manual key from five refuge floors to the 1st floor in an emergency. In the event of a fire or other disaster, it is necessary to conduct intensive analysis to determine how much RSET reduction could be achieved using the evacuation elevator compared to the existing evacuation plans. When the optimal transportation sharing ratio by the evacuation elevators was 40% at the Lotte World Tower, the RSET of the evacuation scenario in parallel with the elevators in the entire building was calculated to be 1 hour and 2 minutes. The RSET of a conventional evacuation scenario (Walking along the stairs without using the elevators) was calculated to be 1 hour 29 minutes, therefore, the former evacuation scenario were found to have a shortening effect of approximately 27 minutes compared to the latter. On the other hand, to maintain this effect, each part of the evacuation route using the elevator must have the capability to protect the evacuee from any hazards caused by fires, such as smoke, flame, and radiant heat during the evacuation. Moreover, the evacuation route should be continuous from the residence position of the elevator user to the final evacuation site, and be recognized easily.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of North Korea's cyber attack against South Korea since 2009 based on major international security theories and suggest South Korea's policy option. For this purpose, this paper applied the behavioral domain and characteristics of 'cyber power' and 'coercion dynamics' model, which are attracting attention in international security studies. The types of cyber attacks from North Korea are classified into the following categories: power-based incarceration, leadership attacks and intrusions, military operations interference, and social anxiety and confusion. In terms of types and means of cyber power, North Korean GPS disturbance, the Ministry of Defense server hacking and EMP are hard power with high retaliation and threat and cyber money cashing and ransomware are analyzed by force in the act of persuasion and incentive in the point of robbing or asking for a large amount of money with software pawns. North Korea 's cyber attack has the character of escape from realistic sanctions based on the second nuclear test. It is important for South Korea to clearly recognize that the aggressive cyberpower of North Korea is changing in its methods and capabilities, and to ensure that North Korea's actions result in far greater losses than can be achieved. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the cyber security and competence to simultaneously attack and defend through institutional supplement and new establishment such as cyber psychological warfare, EMP attack preparation, and enhancement of security expertise against hacking.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.229-238
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand in depth the gambling experiences of delinquent juveniles who have dropped out of school and analyze the content and meaning of gambling experiences. Thus, utilized a Giorgi's phenomenological research method. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews, and the gambling experiences of six youths who are under juvenile law protective disposition were examined through a four-step analytic process. From the results, 6 parent components and 18 sub-components were derived. That is, "the temptation of close gambling", "trapped in the bridle of gambling", "deterioration of life", "damaged of non-official networks relationship", "corruption of existence" and "attempts to escape gambling" were appeared. These results are meaningful because they have allowed researchers to identify the essential meaning and experiential structure of delinquents juvenile' gambling experiences outside of school, which has not been studied thus far. Further, this study has empirical value as its framework includes a joint analysis in terms of welfare and gambling addiction and focuses on a precarious population-delinquent juveniles who have dropped out of school. The results provide a foundation from which practical implications and policy alternatives for the prevention and treatment of gambling problems in delinquent juveniles dropped out of school.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.317-328
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• 2018

Cognitive impairment responses are important research topics in the study of degenerative brain diseases as well as in understanding of human mental activities. To compare response to scopolamine (SPL)-induced cognitive impairment, we measured altered parameters for learning and memory ability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal cell damages, in Korl:ICR stock and two commercial breeder stocks (A:ICR and B:ICR) after relevant SPL exposure. In the water maze test, Korl:ICR showed no significant difference in SPL-induced learning and memory impairment compared to the two different ICRs, although escape latency was increased after SPL exposure. Although behavioral assessment using the manual avoidance test revealed reduced latency in all ICR mice after SPL treatment as compared to Vehicle, no differences were observed between the three ICR stocks. To determine cholinergic dysfunction induction by SPL exposure, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assessed in the three ICR stocks revealed no difference of acetylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore, low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and high levels of inflammatory cytokines in SPL-treated group were maintained in all three ICR stocks, although some variations were observed between the SPL-treated groups. Neuronal cell damages induced by SPL showed similar response in all three ICR stocks, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, Nissl staining analysis and expression analyses of apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, the results of this study provide strong evidence that Korl:ICR is similar to the other two ICR. Stocks in response to learning and memory capacity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2022

Chronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) greatly increases the risk for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The outcome of HBV infection is shaped by the complex interplay of the mode of transmission, host genetic factors, viral genotype, adaptive mutations, and environmental factors. The pregenomic RNA transcription of HBV for their replication is regulated by the core promoter activation. Core promoter mutations have been the reason for acute liver failure and are associated with HCC development. We obtained HBV genes from a patient in Myanmar who was infected with HBV and identified gene variations in the core promoter region. For measuring the relative transactivation activity of the core promoter, we prepared the core-promoter reporter construct. Among the gene variations of the core promoter, the mutations of C1731T and G1806A were associated with increase in the transactivation of the HBV core promoter. Through computer analysis for searching for a tentative transcription factor binding site, we showed that the mutations of C1713T and G1806A newly created C/EBPβ and XBP1-responsive elements of the core promoter, respectively. The ectopic expression of C/EBPβ largely increased the HBV core promoter containing the C1713T mutation and that of XBP1 activated the M95 promoter containing the G1806A mutation. Our efforts to treat and prevent HBV infections are hampered by the emergence of drug-resistant mutations and vaccine-escape mutations. Our results provide the biological properties and clinical significance of specific HBV core promoter mutations.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the transformation and characteristics of the Verse-Chorus form. The musical form of a musical song is a structural mechanism for expression to effectively convey the dramatic situation of the characters to the audience. This study identified four types of representative forms that can be used to explore the transformation with the verse-chorus form and examined their characteristics. First is the Verse-Chorus form which repeats the description of simple situations and characters in the early stage of the musical. Second is the Verse-Bridge-Verse form which is used to evoke the atmosphere and escape boredom through a slight transformation of the bridge while explaining a simple character. Third is the Verse-Prechorus-Chorus form, which sits just before the chorus, connects the verse and the chorus, and promotes the emotional rise of the characters by smoothing the drama and the harmonic progression. Lastly, this study examined the expanded Verse-BG dialogue-Chorus form used to represent the situation in which conflicts about the complex feelings of the characters and the decisions about them coexist. As such, musical songs use various types of verse-chorus forms. Through the formality and transformation of the verse-chorus, the logic of the music and the logic of the drama are balanced so that the development of the music and the drama does not enter the state of imbalance. Based on this study, further progressive research can take place on the correlation between musical form and dramatic structure, beyond the transformation of musical song form.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.259-284
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• 2022

In order to help the understanding of web novel users, this study was intended to quantitatively verify the user's behavioral types according to the characteristics of web novels. For this purpose, the direction of the study proceeded as follows. First, the motives of web novel users were investigated by referring to the motives of other digital content users. In addition, specific behavioral types of users were also collected. As a result, the motivation for using web novels was found to be 'interpersonal relationships and information acquisition with others', 'leisure activities', and 'escape from reality/relieve tension'. After that, the groups were classified as to whether there was a difference between groups according to the motives of use. As a result, the 'hobbies' type, a group with a particularly high motivation for using leisure activities, the 'stress relief' type, a group with very high escapism and tension relief characteristics, and a group with high interpersonal relationships and information acquisition with others The 'communication' type was classified as a 'multipurpose' type with high overall motivation characteristics. Then, in order to find out the specific characteristics between the types, personas were constructed based on the different behavior type data. Through this, the theoretical contribution of this study is meaningful in that it revealed the motives of web novel users. As a practical contribution, the persona was formed by combining the users' motives and behavioral patterns and visualized to be close to the actual representative users. These results are expected to help improve the web novel service by providing useful indicators for actual writers, platform managers, and users.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.333-339
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• 2022

Finding traces of the numerous contexts that exist in our culture surrounding an old-narrative and leading to it's textualization provides a chance to read the story anew. The 'Pieun(避隱)' section of 'Samgukyusa' contains the stories of people who hide from the world and avoid it, as well as the different types of stories by the compiler, the Buddihist monk, Ilyeon. In other words, the compiler has textualized the story. This study aims to attentively analyze the specific story in the 'Pieun' section and read the insights of the compiler on whether to move into the world or hide from the world. Through this analysis, it is apparent that the episode of 'Pieun' does not only illustrate the characters who wish to escape or hide from the world, but it also enables readers to grasp the intention of Ilyeon who deliberately includes the banquet story which is contrary to the meaning of the title. In the 'Pieun', he emphasizes that the behavior of revealing and hiding oneself to and from the world has significant religious and cultural meanings for an individual. The writer, without distinguishing people who move into the world or hide from it, used the Buddhist Dialectictics method to present a different interpretation.