• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 1973

The author observed the changes of dental arch dimensions and compared spae-maintainer group with non-space-maintainer group after primary tooth extraction. The results were as follows 1) The rate of growth of dental arch of expeirmental group in intercanine width and in inter-1st molar width was more rapid than that of the control group. 2) Arch length is almost no dimensions but it was slightly decreased in lower arch. 3) Dental arch growth and tooth eruption were stimulated by space-maintainer appliance, so it is the best way to replace a new appliance at least once a year. 4) It is thought that satisfactory conclusions in this observation must be researched successively until the mixed dentition completes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2020

As the fire inside the building grows rapidly, ejected flame from an opening occurs due to flashover. As a result, the number of cases where the flame spreads to the exterior of the building and rapidly expands to the upper floor is increasing. In particular, in the case of the fire in the Daebong Green Apartment, Uijeongbu in 2015, it was a case where the flame spread to adjacent buildings due to the opening eruption flame from the first ignited building, causing great damage to three apartments. Therefore, this study is to introduce an international standard under development that estimates the shape and properties of the ejected flame from an opening and quantitatively evaluates the radiant heat flux received by the exterior wall of the building by assuming the occurrence of the ejected flame from an opening.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

It was easy to find that children of a skeletal anterior crossbite in the early mixed dentition period showed a stark difference in the dental maturity between their maxillary and mandibular teeth, if they have stronger physical characteristics. If the difference of dental age between maxillary and mandibular teeth which can be identified via panoramic radiographs may serve as an early sign of class III malocclusion, this is considered valuable as a tool of early detection diagnosis. We obtained lateral cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, working model and clinical images of patients of Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Pusan National University Dental Hospital and examined them to select 50 patents for normal occlusion group and skeletal anterior crossbite group, respectively. Their panoramic radiographs were used for the Demirjian's method to figure out dental ages of maxillary and mandibular teeth of each group and the eruption rate of the first molars. Their differences are as follows: 1. In both groups, the dental ages from Demirjian's method were advanced than the chronological ages. No sexual dimorphism was detected for the chronological or dental age in either group (p>0.05). 2. The difference of dental age of maxillary and mandibular teeth between the normal occlusion group and crossbite group was 0.22 and 0.69 years, respectively, with a higher difference in crossbite group(p<0.05). 3. Compared to the normal occlusion group, the crossbite group showed a higher difference in the eruption rate between maxillary and mandibular first molar(p<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2015

Early treatment is recommended for class III malocclusion in the primary dentition, though it is difficult to diagnose correctly. It was recommended dental maturation can possibly be used to make a differential diagnosis of skeletal class III malocclusion. This study aimed to compare dental maturation of first molars in children with skeletal or non-skeletal class III malocclusion in the primary dentition and to determine if dental maturation could be used to make a differential diagnosis of class III malocclusion. Among the children visiting the department of pediatric dentistry in Pusan National University Dental Hospital for anterior crossbite in the primary dentition, 18 were categorized into the non-skeletal class III malocclusion and 34 into the skeletal class III malocclusion. Panoramic radiographs were used to make comparative analysis of dental age and the eruption rate of the first molars. The following results were obtained. No difference was found between chronologic and dental age by the skeletal features or gender, with the latter being older than the former (p < 0.05). The discrepancies in eruption rate of first molars were significantly different between skeletal (18.91%) and non-skeletal groups (16.53%) (p < 0.05). This result implies that maturation of the first molars might be used to make a differential diagnosis of class III malocclusion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2002

Introduction Urticaria is widely spread disease. About 15-20 $\%$ of population has experienced at least once in a life time. The etiology of urticaria is uncertain till now, and the affcting factors are various chemical material, physical factors, alcohol, fever, exercise, and hormone, etc. The symptoms of urticaria are small or large wheal-erythema reaction and itching or tingling sense. Cause there is no probe to detect the urticaria clearly, the treatment of urticaria is symptomatic. And mostly urticaria can be chronic and very hard to treat it fundamentally. Nowadays, many trials to treat the urticaria in oriental medical way show good curability. In this paper I'd like to report the treatment rate and degree of urticaria patients mostly using anti-histamine medication. Subjects From the outpatients who visited Korean Hospital of Kyunghee Kangnam during 2000-4 and 2002-1, the 36 chronic urticaria patients, at least more than 4 weeks from onset and 2weeks of treatment period, were chosen. Methods I evaluated the results of treatment with the following scale. Very Good: The all symptoms are clearly disappeared or one third of symptoms remain and sometimes eruption is appeared. Good: Half of the symptoms are improved but most of symptoms remain. No Change: No change appears before and after treatment. Worse: The degree and duration of eruption get worse than pre-treatment state. Results For Acupuncture treatment, I chose the several Acu points like Hapgok(합곡), Taichung(대충), Gokji(곡지), Yanggok(양곡), Yanggea(양계), and lmeup(족임읍), and usually lasted it 15 minutes. With the acupuncture treatment and herb medicine, 2-3 times a week, the patients whose treatment period was 2 to 4 weeks were 17(47.2$\%$), 4 to 8 weeks were 11(30.5$\%$), 8 to 12 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), 12 to 16 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), longer than 16 weeks were 2(5.5$\%$) Collecting the statistics of the frequency of prescripted herb medicine, Hyangsosan(향소산) was prescripted 21 times(58.3$\%$), Hyangsapyungwisan(향사평위산) was 15 times(41.6$\%$), Hwapisan(화피산) was 9 times(25$\%$), Yangwitang(양위탕) was 6 times(16.6$\%$), Bojungikkitang(보중익기탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$), Yongdamsagantang (용담사간탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$). The result of the treatments, evaluating with mentioned rate scale, was 11 cases(30.5$\%$) were Very Good degree, 19 cases(52.7$\%$) were Good , 6 cases(16.6$\%$) were No Change. No cases were Worse degree. Conclusion According to this research, we could say that chronic urticaria can be treated with Oriental medical methods. But more precise probes in both Oriental and Western medicine to diagnose the chronic urticaria should be established and we need to make standards for testing and diagnosing the chronic urticaria.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.spc1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

In this paper, we review recent studies on the magnetic helicity changes of solar active regions by photospheric horizontal motions. Recently, Chae(200l) developed a methodology to determine the magnetic helicity change rate via photospheric horizontal motions. We have applied this methodology to four cases: (1) NOAA AR 8100 which has a series of homologous X-ray flares, (2) three active regions which have four eruptive major X-ray flares, (3) NOAA AR 9236 which has three eruptive X-class flares, and (4) NOAA AR 8668 in which a large filament was under formation. As a result, we have found several interesting results. First, the rate of magnetic helicity injection strongly depends on an active region and its evolution. Its mean rate ranges from 4 to $17 {\times} 10^{40}\;Mx^2\;h^{-1}$. Especially when the homologous flares occurred and when the filament was formed, significant rates of magnetic helicity were continuously deposited in the corona via photospheric shear flows. Second, there is a strong positive correlation between the magnetic helicity accumulated during the flaring time interval of the homologous flares in AR 8100 and the GOES X-ray flux integrated over the flaring time. This indicates that the occurrence of a series of homologous flares is physically related to the accumulation of magnetic helicity in the corona by photospheric shearing motions. Third, impulsive helicity variations took place near the flaring times of some strong flares. These impulsive variations whose time scales are less than one hour are attributed to localized velocity kernels around the polarity inversion line. Fourth, considering the filament eruption associated with an X1.8 flare started about 10 minutes before the impulsive variation of the helicity change rate, we suggest that the impulsive helicity variation is not a cause of the eruptive solar flare but its result. Finally, we discuss the physical implications on these results and our future plans.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.359-371
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• 1997

Stress is recognized as a major predisposing and/ or precipitating factor in long-lastig intractable chronic pain, such as temporomandibular disorders, headache, and other psychophysiological disorders. So it is necessary to detect physical and psychological changes induced by stress as soon as possible for positive treatment outcome. This study was performed to investigate the occurrence rate of stress symptoms according to anatomic region, type of symptom, and other personal and social factors. 859 subjects from general population answered the stress symptom questionnaire devised by the author and composed of 50 items. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed statistically with SPSS program and the results obtained were as follows : 1. Oral symptom which showed the highest frequency rate of 38.8% was vesicular lesion of the lip and cheek. The other symptoms with more 20% occurrence rate were ulcerative leion of lip and cheek, toothache, paresthesia of teeth, eruption of tongue, tongue coating and taste change in descending order. 2. In extraoral symptoms, ？데 disturbance was the item which showed the highest frequency rate of 62.0%, and the items for stiffness of suboccipital region and neck, headache, facial swelling, furuncle of face were answered more than 45% of the subjects whereas only 14.0% of the subjucts complained jaw pain under stress. 3. The better one who thought his or her health status was, the fewer items were answered and the difference of symptom frequency by dwelling place and by having hobby were shown in extraoral symptoms only. 4. For relief of stress symptoms, 79.2% of the subjects replied only to take a rest whereas not more than 13, 5% of the subjects visited dental clinic. Correlationship between symptom sites were very high.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence, amount, and rate of supraeruption of the maxillary second molar according to sex, age, and history of periodontitis. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the charts and panoramic radiographs of 65 patients who were scheduled to undergo implant placement at the site of the mandibular second molar. The amount of supraeruption of the maxillary second molar and the alveolar bone level of the neighboring teeth were measured on digital panoramic radiographs. The prevalence was evaluated in each group, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors influencing the prevalence of supraeruption. The amount and the rate of supraeruption were compared between pairs of groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. For all tests, P values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Supraeruption occurred in 78% of the patients. The prevalence of supraeruption was affected by sex, age, and history of periodontitis. The mean amount of supraeruption was 0.91 mm and the mean rate of supraeruption was 0.14 mm/month. The amount and the rate of supraeruption showed no significant differences according to sex, age, or the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (P>0.05). Conclusions: These results show that the amount of supraeruption on the maxillary second molar was similar to the thickness of the enamel on the occlusal surface. When a single implant is scheduled to be placed on the mandibular second molar, supraeruption of the antagonist should be considered.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of alveolar bone grafting in patients with various types of cleft lip and to compare the success rates according to the lateral incisors and canines. Methods: The postoperative radiographs of 20 patient with a cleft lip and alveolar process alone (CLAP), complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) were retrospectively analyzed. The alveolar bone height was classified according to ${\AA}$byholm (1981) and Bergland (1986) and we evaluated the dentition at the time of surgery and the existence of a lateral incisor and impacted canines. Results: 16 (80%) of the 20 patients were assigned to Type I & II and they were considered successful. In the UCLP group, the success rate was significantly better than that of the UCLP and BCLP groups. The success rate was significantly better than when the cleft was grafted with the existence of a lateral incisor and before the eruption of the canines. Conclusion: The severity of the deformity influenced the success rate. The timing of the operation was a critical variable that affected the outcome in patients with cleft lip and palate.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.80.2-81
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• 2016

We investigate the dependence of solar proton events (SPEs) on solar and interplanetary type II bursts associated with solar flares and/or CME-driven shocks. For this we consider NOAA solar proton events from 1997 to 2012 and their associated flare, CME, and type II radio burst data with the following subgroups: metric, decameter-hectometric (DH), and meter-to-kilometric (m-to-km) type II bursts. The primary findings of this study are as follows. First, about half (52%) of the m-to-km type II bursts are associated with SPEs and its occurrence rate is higher than those of DH type II bursts (45%) and metric type II bursts (19%). Second, the SPE occurrence rate strongly depends on flare strength and source longitude, especially for X-class flare associated ones; it is the highest in the central region for metric (46%), DH (54%), and m-to-km (75%) subgroups. Third, the SPE occurrence rate is also dependent on CME linear speed and angular width. The highest rates are found in the m-to-km subgroup associated with CME speed 1500 kms-1: partial halo CME (67%) and halo CME (55%). Fourth, in the relationships between SPE peak fluxes and solar eruption parameters (CME linear speed, flare flux, and longitude), SPE peak flux is mostly dependent on SPE peak flux for all three type II bursts (metric, DH, m-to-km). It is noted that the dependence of SPE peak flux on flare peak flux decreases from metric to m-to-km type II burst.