• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.185-200
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose and lipid metabolic changes physical exercise of patients with NIDDM. The physical exercise consisted of 15 minutes per day on a bicycle ergometer at $70\%$ maximum heart rate. The results of this study which were calculated from the level of glucose and lipid metabolism of the preexercise and after 2weeks exercise were as follows. 1. Blood glucose was siginificiantly decreased after physical exercise of two weeks(P<0.005). 2. Total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease after physical exercise of two weeks, but the difference was statistically insignificiant. 3. Triglyceride showed a tendency to decrease on female, but triglyceride on man was inclose after exercise. 4. HDL showed a tendency to increase after physical exercise of two weeks, but the results were statistically insigificiant. 5. LDL showed a tendency to decrease after physical exercise of two weeks, but the results were statistically insignificiant. 6. HDL/cholesterol showed a tendency to increase aftre physical exercise of two weeks, but the results were statistically insignificiant.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.33-40
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 작업생리학적 접근방법(physiological approach)을 이용하여 생리학적 작업 능력(PWC; physiological work capacity)을 추정할 경우 작업형태와 작업방법에 따른 차이점을 비교분석해 보고자 함이다. 작업유형으로는 자전거 에르고미터(cycle ergometer)와 트레드밀 (treadmill)을 사용하였고, 작업방법으로는 각각의 작업유형에 대하여 램프 테스트(ramp test 와 인크리멘탈 테스트(increemntal test)의 차이점을 비교하였다. 또한 외국인들의 생리학적 작업능력(PWC)과 한국인들의 생리학적 작업능력(PWC)을 비교,검토하여 NIOSH(National Institute of Safety and Healty)기준치를 사용하는데 문제점이 없는가를 검토해 보고자 하였다. 작업방법 에 따른 차이점은 자전거 에르고미터의 경우 램프 테스트(ramp test )253.63 ml/min로서 인크리 멘탈 테스트(increemental test) 2859.74ml/min 의 87.70 % 정도로 나타났으며, 트레드 밑의 경우 ramp test 2859.22ml/min로서 incremental test 289.46ml/min의 98.77%정도로 나타났다. 작업유형 에 따른 결과는 자전거 에르고미터의 ramp test 트레드밀의 ramp test 는 ramp test는 트레드밀의 ramp test의 88.72% 정도로 나타났으며, 자전거 에르고미터의 incremental tests는 트레이드밀 작 업의 98.% 정도로 나타났다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1992년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.51-54
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• 1992

In this paper, we quantitatively evaluated the anxiety data from humans in an anxiety state. It has been reported that the electric signals of human can be correlated with their emotional state. We chose heart rate, respiration rate, temperature and skin conductance as the anxiety parameters. For experiment protocol, the subject was given exercising load to induce the anxiety state and the exercise was done using the FITRON Cycle Ergometer. We divided the data into three stages: rest period, exercise period, and recovery period. During evaluation, We counted the heart rate, slope of heart rate, temperature change, and the skin conductance.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1982

Comfort concept of heating and cooling between body and environment is modified by the clothing. So were can say the clothing is one of the environment. To maintain“pleasantness”, clothing must have the elements of comfort and function. This study carried out for the 1st step to describe the relation between clothing and the human body I aspect to the emvironmental elements of temperature and working part of the body. Observations of skin temperature were taken on young adults female subjects in training wear and the skin temperature was measured onto 9 points of the body while taking part in two physical exercise, with Rawing machine and Bicycle ergometer. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The skin temperature after physical exercise is lower than that after repose. 2. After physical exercise of the lower part of the body, the skin temperature is less than that after physical exercise of the upper part of the body. 3. After physical exercise of the upper part of the body, skin temperature of the lower part of the body rises a little, and vice versa.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 1967

As pointed out by many previous investigators, the cardio-pulmonary system of well trained athletes is so adapted that they can perform a given physical exercise more efficiently as compared to non-trained persons. However, the time course of the development of these cardio-pulmonary adaptations has not been extensively studied in the past. Although the development of these training effects is undoubtedly related to the magnitude of an exercise load which is repeatedly given, it would be practical if one could maintain a good physical fitness with a minimal daily exercise. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to study the time course of the development of cardio-pulmonary adaptations while a group of non-athletes was subjected to a daily 6 to 10 minutes running exercise for a period of 4 weeks. Six healthy male medical students (22 to 24 years old) were randomly selected as experimental subjects, and were equally divided into two groups (A and B). Both groups were subjected to the same daily running exercise (approximately 1,000 kg-m). 6 days a week for 4 weeks, but the rate of exercise was such that the group A ran on treadmill with 8.6% grade for 10 min daily at a speed of 127 m/min while the group B ran for 6 min at a speed of 200 m/min. In order to assess the effects of these physical trainings on the cardio-pulmonary system, the minute volume, the $O_2$ consumption, the $CO_2$ output and the heart rate were determined weekly while the subject was engaged in a given running exercise on treadmill (8.6% grade and 127 m/min) for a period of 5 min. In addition, the arterial blood pressure, the cardiac output, the acid-base state of arterial blood and the gas composition of arterial blood were also determined every other week in 4 subjects (2 from each group) while they were engaged in exercise on a bicycle ergometer at a rate of approximately 900 kg m/min until exhaustion. The maximal work capacity was also determined by asking the subject to engage in exercise on treadmill and ergometer until exhaustion. For the measurement of minute volume, the expired gas was collected in a Douglas bag. The $O_2$ consumption and the $CO_2$ output were subsequently computed by analysing the expired gas with a Scholander micro gas analyzer. The heart rate was calculated from the R-R interval of ECG tracings recorded by an Offner RS Dynograph. A 19 gauge Cournand needle was inserted into a brachial artery, through which arterial blood samples were taken. A Statham $P_{23}AA$ pressure transducer and a PR-7 Research Recorder were used for recording instantaneous arterial pressure. The cardiac output was measured by indicator (Cardiogreen) dilution method. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) The maximal running time on treadmill increased linearly during the 4 week training period at the end of which it increased by 2.8 to 4.6 times. In general, an increase in the maximal running time was greater when the speed was fixed at a level at which the subject was trained. The mammal exercise time on bicycle ergometer also increased linearly during the training period. (2) In carrying out a given running exercise on treadmill (8.6%grade, 127 m/min), the following changes in cardio·pulmonary functions were observed during the training period: (a) The minute volume as well as the $O_2$ consumption during steady state exercise tended to decrease progressively and showed significant reductions after 3 weeks of training. (b) The $CO_2$ production during steady state exercise showed a significant reduction within 1 week of training. (c) The heart rate during steady state exercise tended to decrease progressively and showed a significant reduction after 2 weeks of training. The reduction of heart rate following a given exercise tended to become faster by training and showed a significant change after 3 weeks. Although the resting heart rate also tended to decrease by training, no significant change was observed. (3) In rallying out a given exercise (900 kg-m/min) on a bicycle ergometer, the following change in cardio-vascular functions were observed during the training period: (3) The systolic blood pressure during steady state exercise was not affected while the diastolic blood Pressure was significantly lowered after 4 weeks of training. The resting diastolic pressure was also significantly lowered by the end of 4 weeks. (b) The cardiac output and the stroke volume during steady state exercise increased maximally within 2 weeks of training. However, the resting cardiac output was not altered while the resting stroke volume tended to increase somewhat by training. (c) The total peripheral resistance during steady state exercise was greatly lowered within 2 weeks of training. The mean circulation time during exorcise was also considerably shortened while the left heart work output during exercise increased significantly within 2 weeks. However, these functions_at rest were not altered by training. (d) Although both pH, $P_{co2}\;and\;(HCO_3-)$ of arterial plasma decreased during exercise, the magnitude of reductions became less by training. On the other hand, the $O_2$ content of arterial blood decreased during exercise before training while it tended to increase slightly after training. There was no significant alteration in these values at rest. These results indicate that cardio-pulmonary adaptations to physical training can be acquired by subjecting non-athletes to brief daily exercise routine for certain period of time. Although the time of appearance of various adaptive phenomena is not identical, it may be stated that one has to engage in daily exercise routine for at least 2 weeks for the development of significant adaptive changes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2001

연구배경 : 심폐운동검사를 호흡곤란이나 운동제한의 주원인 감별을 위한 진단적 목적으로 이용시, 사용한 진단 알고리즘과 운동방법에 따른 분석결과에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고, 차이가 있다면 그 원인은 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 안정시 폐기능검사상 이상이 있는 만성폐질환자 66명, 운동시 호흡곤란을 호소하나 안정시 폐기능검사상 이상이 없는 환자 48명을 대상으로 자전거를 이용하여 증상 제한적 최대운동을 시행하고 Wasserman 등과 Eschenbacher 등이 제안한 진단 알고리즘을 이용 하여 분석하여 그 결과를 비교하였고, 건강한 의과대 32명을 대상으로 자전거와 답차를 이용하여 증상 제한적 최대운동을 시행한 후 Eschenbacher 등이 제안한 진단 알고리즘으로 분석후 운동방법에 따른 분석결과의 차이를 비교하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 호흡곤란을 주증상으로 호소하고 안정시 폐기능 검사상 미국흉부학회 기준에 부합하는 폐기능손상을 보이는 환자중 최근 2개월이내에 증상이 악화되지 않은 환자 66명을 대상으로 증상제한적 최대운동후 Wasserman 방식과 Eschenbacher 방식으로 해석후 비교하여 보았을 때 42명에서 일치하여 63.6%의 일치율을 보였다. 폐기능검사소견에 따라 구분하여 보면, 폐쇄성장애를 보인 경우는 43명중 30명으로 69.8%, 제한성장애를 보인 경우 8명중 2명으로 25%, 혼합성장애를 보인 경우 15명 중 10명으로 66.7%의 일치율을 보였다. 2) 임상적으로 심장질환은 의심되지 않으나 활동시 호흡곤란을 호소하고, 안정시 폐활량측정에서 정상소견을 보이는 48명을 대상으로 자전거를 이용한 운동 후 두 방식으로 분석 비교하였을 때 30명에서 일치하여 일치율은 60.4%이었다. 3) 호흡곤란 등의 호흡기계증상이 없고 안정시 폐활량검사상 정상인 건강한 의과대학 남학생 32명을 대상으로 자전거와 답차를 이용한 운동후 Eschenbacher 방식으로 해석한 결과 운동방법에 따른 일치율은 25% 이었다. 결론 : 이와 같은 결과로 진단 알고리즘 혹은 운동방법에 따라 결과가 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었고, 심폐운동검사를 호흡곤란이나 운동제한의 주원인 감별을 위한 진단적 목적으로 이용하기 위해서는 한국성인에 적용할 수 있는 운동방법에 따른 진단 알고리즘을 확립하는 것이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study focused how to show physiological responses comparing exercise group and non exercise group for progressive maximal wheelchair ergometer exercise loading in complete paraplegia. It also examined the various factors which would be influenced physiological responses. Sixteen subjects have been investigated in this study, and the subjects are divided into two groups as follows: 1) exercise group (7 subjects) 2) non exercise group (9 subjects). Each test was terminated by physical exhaustion and/or an inability to maintain a flywheel velocity. The results were as follows: 1) No difference was noted in pulmonary function test between two groups. 2) $\dot{v}$ Emax value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ Emax of exercise group was $69.67{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $41.47{\ell}/min$. 3) $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) of exercise group was $1.72{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $1.15{\ell}/min$. 4) $\dot{v}$ $O_2$ max(ml/kg/min) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$($ml/kg{\cdot}min$) of exercise group was $25.99ml/kg{\cdot}min$, non exercise group was $18.61{\ell}/min$. 5) Maximal heart rate(HRmax) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean HRmax of exercise group was 180.43 beats/min, non exercise group was 175.00 beats/min. 6) $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ value during maximal exercise was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). The mean $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ of exercise group was $36.36{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$, non exercise group was $45.46{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$. Considering the results which explore the exercise group with paraplegia has shown the maximal aerobic power compared with non exercise group, regular and consistent physical training is highly assumed as a main factor to improve cardiopulmonary fitness.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.799-807
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• 2016

The objective of research was to explore the effects of Kinesic taping treatment on Kayaker's athletic performance and muscle fatigue variable. In order to accomplish such study objective, this study employed 8 ordinary university students and 8 university kayaker's as study subjects. The athletic performance records and blood lactate were analyzed before and after Kinesic taping treatment (KTT). Kinesic taping treatment was applied to the regions of agonist such as vastus medialis muscle, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Trapezius muscle, Biceps brachii muscle, and Triceps brachii muscle, which are major muscles for Kayaker's. Records for rest heart rate, athletic performance and blood lactate were measured upon 200m and 500m distance exercise using kayak ergometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 using paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA at significant level of a = .05. First, performance records of 200m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 60.13 second before and 58.75 second after kinesic taping treatment. University kayakers had a mean score of 58.75 second before and 53.0 second after kinesic taping treatment. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. In addition, levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 5.89mM before and 8.90mM after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 5.79mM before and 8.48mM after KTT. The ANOVA showed that the level of ordinary university students' blood lactate was significantly higher than university kayakers only after KTT. Second, performance records of 500m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 2.90 minute before and 2.77 minute after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 2.30 minute before and 2.20 minute after KTT. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. Moreover, only university kayaker's had a significantly higher performance record than the counterpart. Levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 7.71mM before and 8.85mM after KTT and university kayakers had a mean score of 8.09mM before and 8.45mM after KTT. However, such a level of increase had no significant difference between the groups

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 자전거 에르고미터 점증 부하 운동 검사를 통하여 4가지 다른 운동 검사시간 프로토콜(protocol)이 최대 산소 섭취량($VO_2$max)과 산소 섭취량 정체($VO_2$plateau)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 설정된 운동 시간 프로토콜은 5, 8, 12 그리고 16분이다. 평균 이상의 자전거 운동 능력을 지닌 20명의 자발적 피 실험자들이 연구에 참여하였다. 8분 프로토콜의 평균 최대 산소 섭취량($3.66{\pm}0.88\;l/min$)은 통계적으로(p<0.05) 12분($3.49{\pm}0.76\;l/min$)과 16분 프로토콜의($3.45{\pm}0.73\;l/min$) 최대 산소 섭취량보다 높게 제시되었다. 5분 프로토콜의 평균 최대 산소 섭취량은 두 번째로 높은 수치를 나타냈으나, 통계적으로 12분과 16분 프로토콜의 최대 산소 섭취량과는 다르지 않았다(p>0.05). 평균 최대 운동 강도(average maximal power output)는 운동 검사시간들이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 5분 프로토콜의 평균 최대 운동 강도가 8분 프로토콜 보다 12%, 12분 프로토콜 보다 24%, 그리고 16분 프로토콜 보다 35% 높게 나타났다. 산소 섭취량 정체($VO_2$plateau)는 5분 프로토콜에서 12.5%, 8분 프로토콜에서 56.25%, 12분 프로토콜에서 37.5%, 그리고 16분 프로토콜에서 56.25%의 빈도를 보였다. 이 연구는 평균 이상의 운동 능력을 지닌 피 실험자에게는 6분에서 10분 사이의 검사시간이 적합하다고 제안하고 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.584-593
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching, muscle strengthening, and walking exercise on the cardiopulmonary function and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Twenty-one patients in the intervention and the control group participated in the exercise respectively on maintenance hemodialysis at four university hospitals. The exercise was composed of 20 to 60 min per session, 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The effect of exercise was assessed by cardiopulmonary function (peak oxygen uptake, peak ventilation, peak respiration rate, maximal heart rate, and exercise duration) using a cycle ergometer. Grip strength was measured by dynamometer, and flexibility was measured by sit and reach measuring instrument. Health-related quality of life was measured using Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Results: Peak oxygen uptake, peak ventilation, peak respiration rate, exercise duration, grip strength, flexibility, and physical component scale were significantly improved in the intervention group after 12 week's exercise compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate the exercise can improve cardiopulmonary function, grip strength, flexibility, and physical component scale of health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients.