• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2003

For a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier, we investigated 980 nm absorption, signal amplification and forward and backward amplified spontaneous emission along the erbium-doped fiber. In addition, we compared performances of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier with and without a fiber Bragg grating.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have saturated the technological market but are still widely used in high-speed and long-distance communication systems. To overcome EDFA saturation and limitations, its erbium-doped fiber is co-doped with other materials such as zirconia and bismuth. This article demonstrates and compares the performance using three different fibers as the gain medium for zirconia-erbium-doped fibers (Zr-EDF), bismuth-erbium-doped fibers (Bi-EDF), and commercial silica-erbium-doped fibers (Si- EDF). The optical amplifier was configured with a double-pass amplification system, with a broadband mirror at the end of its configuration to allow double-pass operation in the system. The important parameters in amplifiers such as optical properties, optical amplification and noise values were also examined and discussed. All three fibers were 0.5 m long and entered with different input signals: 30 dBm for low input and 10 dBm for high input. Zr-EDF turned out to be the most relevant optical amplifier as it had the highest optical gain, longest transmission distance, highest average flatness gain with minimal jitter, and relevant noise figures suitable for the latest communication technology.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2010

An optimal wideband gain flattened hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier/fiber Raman amplifier (EDFA/FRA) has been introduced. A new and effective optimization method called particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to find the optimized parameters of the EDFA/FRA. Numerous parameters which are the parameters of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) define the gain spectrum of a hybrid EDFA/FRA. Here, we optimize the length, $Er^{3+}$ concentration, and pump power and wavelength of the EDFA and also pump powers and wavelengths of the FRA to obtain the flattest operating gain spectrum. Hybrid EDFA/FRA with 6-pumped- and 10-pumped-FRAs have been studied. Gain spectrum variations are 1.392 and 1.043 dB for the 6-pumped- and 10-pumped-FRAs, respectively, in the 108.5 km hybrid EDFA/FRAs, with 1 mW of input signal powers. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system with 60 signal channels in the wavelength range of 1529.2-1627.1 nm, i.e. the wide bandwidth of 98 nm, is studied. In this work, we have added FRA's pump wavelengths to the optimization parameters to obtain better results in comparison with the results presented in our previous works.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.540-541
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• 2002

In this paper, the performance of upidirectional and hi-directional regenerative erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is compared. The systems are operating above laser oscillation threshold. The experimental results show that the unidirectional regenerative EDFA has a better performance than the hi-directional.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 1997

광섬유격자를 이용하는 단순구조의 발진 loop를 구성하여 erbium 첨가 광섬유 증폭기를 발진시킴으로써 광섬유 증폭기의 동작이득을 제어하는 방식을 제안하고 실험하였다. 하나의 광섬유격자가 loop내에서 발진 파장을 선택하는 기능과 함께 발진광이 출력단으로 나오지 못하도록 차단하는 기능의 두가지의 역할을 수행하도록 loop가 구성되었다. 광섬유 증폭기의 동작이득이 발진 loop의 손실과 같은 크기에 고정되어 입력광 파워의 변화에 무관하게 일정하게 제어되었으며, 가변형 결합기로 loop 손실을 변화시킴으로써 동작이득의 조절이 가능하였다. 이러한 loop 구성방식으로 이득제어된 erbium 첨가 광섬유 증폭기는 WDM 시스템에서 여러 가지의 장점을 가질 수 있다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2002

This paper describes our design of a hybrid amplifier composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for C- and L-bands. We characterize the distributed Raman amplifier by numerical simulation based on the experimentally measured Raman gain coefficient of an ordinary single mode fiber transmission line. In single channel amplification, the crosstalk caused by double Rayleigh scattering was independent of signal input power and simply given as a function of the Raman gain. The double Rayleigh scattering induced power penalty was less than 0.1 dB after 1000 km if the on-off Raman gain was below 21 dB. For multiple channel amplification, using commercially available pump laser diodes and fiber components, we determined and optimized the conditions of three-wavelength Raman pumping for an amplification bandwidth of 32 nm for C-band and 34 nm for L-band. After analyzing the conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier analysis in C-band, we estimated the performance of the hybrid amplifier for long haul optical transmission. Compared with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the optical signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to be higher by more than 3 dB in the optical link using the designed hybrid amplifier.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.291-297
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• 1994

Erbium첨가 광섬유 증폭기에서 증폭된 자연방출광(ASE) 출력의 일부를 대역투과 파장 필터를 거쳐 입력단으로 루프 귀환시켜 광증폭기를 특정 파장에서 발진시킴으로써 신호광에 대한 증폭 이득을 일정치에 고정시켰다. 증폭 이득과 ASE 출력 스펙트럼은 광증폭기가 발진하는한 입력광 power나 펌프광 power의 변화에 대하여 무관하였으며 귀환 루프의 손실에만 의존하였다. 또한 광증폭기에 저속으로 변조된 대신호가 입사하는 경우에도 이득포화에 의한 파형 왜곡없이 증폭이 가능하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1666-1671
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• 2022

채널 간격이 50 GHz 인 64 채널 파장분할 다중화 광신호를 위한 고출력 이득 평탄화된 L-band 광증폭기의 구조가 최적화되고 이 증폭기의 출력 특성이 측정되었다. 1570 nm 에서 1600 nm 사이에서 그리고 -2 dBm 입력조건 하에서, 최적화된 이단증폭기는 1 dB 오차 내에서 파장에 따른 평탄화된 이득을 가지며 이득 값은 20 dB 였다. 잡음지수는 6 dB 이내로 최소화 되었다. 추가적인 소자의 도움 없이 EDF 의 특성만을 고려하여 이득평탄화가 구현되었다. 증폭기는 2단 증폭단으로 구성되며 각 증폭단은 EDFA 구조를 기본으로 하였다. 각 단에서 EDF의 길이와 펌핑 구조들이 실험을 통해 최적화 되었다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2005

Optical Time Domain Reflectometry를 이용하여 수백 km 이상의 장거리 광통신망을 감시하기 위해서는 감시광을 증폭시켜야한다. 본 논문에서는 1625 nm OTDR 감시광을 증폭시키기 위해 fiber Bragg grating과 band pass filter를 이용하여 이득과 잡음지수를 각각 5.1 dB 그리고 0.9 dB 향상시킨 2단 구조의 Extended L-band EDFA를 제안하였다. 제안된 Extended L-band EDFA의 1625 nm 대역의 신호 이득은 16.3 dB이고 잡음지수는 7.1 dB였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2010

The pair-induced quenching (PIQ) effect in a highly doped bismuth oxide-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was theoretically and experimentally investigated. In the theoretical investigation, the bismuth oxide-based EDFA was modeled as a 6-level amplifier system that incorporated clustering-induced concentration quenching, cooperative up-conversion, pump excited state absorption (ESA), and signal ESA. The relative number of paired ions in a highly doped bismuth oxide EDF was estimated to be ~6.02%, determined by a comparison between the theoretical and the experimentally measured gain values. The impacts of the PIQ on the gain and the noise figure were also investigated.