• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.169-183
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• 2022

Gastric cancer is prevalent in Korea and ranked as the third most common cancer in 2019, followed by lung and thyroid cancers. The National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for gastric cancer has been implemented in adults aged ≥ 40 since 1999 and involves endoscopic screening every 2 years. The beneficial effects of the current NCSP on early cancer detection, cost-effectiveness, and mortality reduction are evident. However, the screening program results in a large socioeconomic burden and the consumption of medical resources, as it focuses solely on secondary prevention (early detection) rather than primary prevention of cancer. Helicobacter pylori is defined as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Hence, its eradication has been suggested as an important primary gastric cancer prevention strategy. Well-designed randomized controlled trials involving high-risk groups (post-endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer and family history of gastric cancer) and long-term follow-up studies in the general population have provided high-quality evidence regarding the effects of H. pylori eradication on gastric cancer prevention. In this review, we discussed the evidences for a possible modification of the current gastric cancer secondary prevention strategy by introducing primary prevention through H. pylori eradication. Areas for future research to optimize primary prevention strategies were also suggested.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.582-591
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• 2022

본 연구는 제주특별자치도에 유입된 Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782 (Nutria)의 퇴치를 위해 이루어졌다. 서식확인 및 퇴치는 2013년 9월부터 2013년 11월까지 이루어졌고, 그후 퇴치 성공여부를 확인하기 위해 2022년 6월까지 조사가 이루어졌다. 서식 확인 및 포획은 무인카메라, 청문조사, 문헌조사, 먹이유인을 통한 트랩 포획법을 사용하여 진행하였다. 후속조사는 Nutria의 행동반경을 감안하여 조사범위를 비교적 넓게 설정하여 서식지역(퇴치지역)을 중심으로 4.0km² 내 습지 및 하천 조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 서식 확인지역은 제주특별자치도 제주시 구좌읍 송당리 소재의 송당목장에서만 발견되었으며, 방목장 내 수로와 연못에서 서식흔적(족적, 배설물, 굴)이 확인되었다. 포획개체는 총 8개체였으며, 암컷 4개체, 수컷 3개체였다. 1개체는 서식확인 시 확인되어 부패 정도가 심해 암·수의 구별이 어려웠다. 후속조사는 설정한 조사범위 내 항시 물이 있는 성읍저수지, 천미천, 몰순이못을 중심으로 서식지와 그 주변을 정밀조사하였으나 서식흔적이 확인되지 않았다. 따라서, 제주도에 서식하는 Nutria는 완전히 퇴치된 것으로 판단된다. 제주특별자치도에서 Nutria의 퇴치가 성공적으로 이루어진 것은 Nutria의 서식 확인 후 빠른 포획을 통해 정착단계 초기에 퇴치가 이루진 것과 제주도 지질 특성상 물이 항시 고여있는 습지가 드물어 확장의 시기가 늦어진 것이 시너지 효과를 일으켜 성공적인 퇴치가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 이 결과들은 외래종의 유입에 대한 대처는 그 종의 생태특성을 신속하게 파악하고, 올바른 대처를 통해 확장단계 이전 정착 초기 단계에서 관리 및 퇴치를 통해 교란이 일어나기 전 또는 교란 초기에 차단하는 것이 매우 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease of turkeys and chickens. The antigen is Salmonella(S) gallinarum, which cross-reacts with S pullorum because of common antigen. The organism is maintained in the ovary of carrier birds and transmitted vertically in the york. It is also transmitted horizontally through feces and broken eggs. The symptoms are weakness, drowsiness, wing drooping, hyperexcitability, paresis and diarrhea. In the many cases, the birds are found dead in the morning before any symptoms have been noticed. this experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics of S gallanarum and scrutinized about the control systems. 1. Fowl typhoid was came about in the winter than the other seasons. The average of mortality was 46.3%. And it was came about not only adult poultry but also chicks. 2. S gallinarum was isolated from liver and spleen in infected chickens. Total isolated strains were 60. 3. The organisms were all extinct at 60$^{\circ}C$, 30mins. 4. A survival rate was higher in underground water than a secondary distilled water. It was detected in underground water until 30 days. 5. When being exposed to the solar light, it became extinct almost within 24 hours. 6. It was survived in a refrigerator until 12 months. 7. It was extinct among 5 mins in 0.1% phenol and 2% formalin. 8. When the cultured organism fluid was inoculated in SD-rat abdominal cavity, rat died within 24 hours. 9. Pullorum-typhoid related program must disciplines in order to destroy the fowl typhoid, and breeding system must be converted to cage system.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-120
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• 2019

Bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infections cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive problems, such as infertility, abortion, stillbirth, and sickly offspring. Many countries have reduced the economic damage through the application of different control programmes, and some have successfully eradicated BVD. Detection and elimination of cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV is important for BVD eradication because PI cattle are a main source of BVD transmission. In this study, the prevalence of Korean native cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV was investigated and determined in 49 farms with 3,050 cattle. The all samples were collected by ear notch sampling. Korean native cattle with initial positives on antigen-ELISA (Ag-ELISA) were sampled again after 3~4 weeks and cattle with second positives in both Ag-ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were identified as PI cattle. Among the 49 farms, 14 (28.6%) farms had at least more than one PI cow and 21 (0.69%) of 3,050 cattle were determined as PI cattle. As a result of this work, it is suggested that national BVD eradication program is required to reduce economic losses by BVDV infection in Korean cattle industries.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.531-543
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• 2018

Historically, Plasmodium vivax malaria has been one of the most highly endemic parasitic diseases in the Korean Peninsula. Until the 1970s, vivax malaria was rarely directly lethal and was controlled through the Korean Government Program administered by the National Malaria Eradication Service in association with the World Health Organization's Global Malaria Eradication Program. Vivax malaria has re-emerged in 1993 near the Demilitarized Zone between South and North Korea and has since become an endemic infectious disease that now poses a serious public health threat through local transmission in the Republic of Korea. This review presents major lessons learned from past and current malaria research, including epidemiological and biological characteristics of the re-emergent disease, and considers some interesting patterns of diversity. Among other features, this review highlights temporal changes in the genetic makeup of the parasitic population, patient demographic features, and spatial distribution of cases, which all provide insight into the factors contributing to local transmission. The data indicate that vivax malaria in Korea is not expanding exponentially. However, continued surveillance is needed to prevent future resurgence.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

In March 2003, classical swine fever (CSF) infection was reported in a piggery located at Iksan city, Jeollabuk-do in Korea. Subsequently, a total of 72 infected farms were confirmed between March and December, 2003. Based on epidemiological investigation of the earlier confirmed infected farms, the source of infection was shown to be from a breeding farm. Targeted surveillance of 82 piggeries that had acquired pigs from this breeding farm showed 44 piggeries were infected with CSF virus. CSF virus was introduced into this breeding farm by movement of selected breeder pigs from its 12 contracted farms which were located in areas that had been affected by CSF epidemic in late 2002. CSF had then spread through out the country mainly by direct transmission through the sale and movement of pigs from this breeding farm. Consequently, 47 (62%) among 72 CSF affected farms were associated, directly and indirectly, with this breeding farm. This study showed that inadequate control for breeding farms and transport restriction in CSF outbreak areas resulted in the nationwide spread of CSF and the failure of the eradication campaign that has been underway for several years by the Korean animal hygiene authority as well as the fanners. Improvements of control policy through further research of the 2003 CSF epidemic will be needed to reestablish the Korean CSF eradication program in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.32.1-32.8
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• 2015

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is considered to be one of the main constraints to enhancing the productivity of goats and sheep in regions where it is present and becoming endemic. PPR was recognized in Pakistan in early 1990s but got importance during the Participatory Disease Surveillance (PDS) of Rinderpest Eradication Campaign. Lot of research work has been initiated during last decade towards disease epidemiology, risk factor recognition, laboratory diagnosis, vaccination and demonstration of control strategies. Although there are ongoing projects working towards the progressive control of the disease in country yet there is need to have a national level control program for PPR. Also there is need to have comprehensive social economic surveys, disease hot spot recognition and identification of role of other species in disease transmission. With combined efforts of local and national authorities and political will, there is high likelihood that this devastating disease can be controlled and eventually eradicated in near future.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1991

While the threat from traditional communicable diseases have been decreasing non communicable chronic diseases are increasing due to the aging of population and change in life pattern of the people such as over intake of cholesterol and lack of physical exercise etc. On the other hand, since 1980s, AIDS is spreading rapidly throughout the globe and environmental pollution, accidents, addictive diseases such as drug abuse and alcoholism are becoming serious factors to hinder the health promotion of the people. In order to improve general public health and promote individual health status, existing program for communicable disease control by the government such as tuberculosis, leprosy, STD and acute communicable diseases should be effectively continued. In principle, effort should be placed on eradication of source of infection, reduction of communicability of source in infection, treatment of source of infection as well as increase of individual registance to the diseases through immunization and improvement of physical status. Since the pattern of illness is being shifted from communicable diseases to non communicable chronic diseases such as cancer, cerebral hemorrhage, heart disease and hypertention etc., special emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of those adult diseases. Early detection of the patients, registration and treatment of patients and health education should be systematically developed for effective control of the diseases. In addition, program activities on MCH, nutrition, dentistry, mental health, environmental health, accident prevention. medical delivery system, health insurance. and all other health issues should be improved in order to achieve our goal of health promotion.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2007

Serological surveillance programs in animal populations are becoming increasingly important to estimate prevalence of a specific disease and subsequently to document disease-free status in a region or a country. For these purposes, the programs need to be based on both theoretical and economical aspects from the designing phase. From Aujeszky's disease (AD)-eradication program point of view, group of animals (aggregates, herds) not individual animal is the more important sampling unit of concern. In this study the authors therefore attempted to compute an appropriate sample size tailored to a current surveillance program against AD, assuming that the goal of this program is either herd-level prevalence estimation or documentation of AD-freedom. For prevalence estimation, assuming a finite population with imperfect sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of ELISA kit for AD diagnosis, the number of herds present, expected herd prevalence, and desired accuracy for a certain level of confidence, sample size was estimated at herd-level in the first stage and individual animal-level in the second stage. A two-stage sampling design was used to calculate a sample size to indicate AD-freedom. In this instance, the computation was based on the possible detection of a predetermined prevalence at a certain herd-level Se and Sp. This study indicated that the sample size varied with predetermined confidence, tolerance, Se and Sp at herd- and animal-level, and within- and among-herd prevalence. In general, smaller sample size was required to estimate AD prevalence than to document of AD-freedom. Compared to individual-based samples, two-stage sampling strategy requires a larger sample size to show disease-freedom. Statistical considerations including herd-level test characteristics when designing surveillance program also are further discussed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2022

본 집쥐 퇴치 계획은 대한민국 최대 슴새 번식지 및 흑비둘기 서식처로 천연기념물 제333호로 지정되어있는 제주특별자치도 소재(33°55'13.04"N, 126°38'19.98"E) 무인도서인 사수도 내 집쥐 퇴치를 위해 이루어졌다. 구제 연구는 2015년 11월부터 2021년 2월까지 총 12차례 진행되었고, 조사는 섬 전역을 천천히 배회하며 출발지점과 도착지점을 동일하게 하여 조사하는 선조사법을 이용하였다. 이 때 확인된 배설물, 터널 등 Rattus norvegicus 흔적 주변에 포획트랩을 설치하였다. 그 결과 매 차시 최소 2개체 ~ 최대 6개체가 포획되던 개체가 마지막에는 포획되지 않았다. 집쥐가 사수도에 유입된 경로는 과거 레저 및 어업을 위해 출입하는 배를 통하여 유입되었을 것으로 추정하고 있다. 2006년 집쥐로 인한 슴새의 피해가 확인된 후 철저한 경비를 통하여 사수도 출입을 엄격히 금하고 2013년 해양정화 사업과 2015년부터 지속된 포획을 통하여 구제가 성공적으로 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 상태 유지 및 관리를 위해서 앞으로 새로운 집쥐의 유입을 제어하기 위하여 지속적이고 철저한 출입관리를 이어가 출입자를 엄격히 통제하는 등의 보존 관리방안이 필요하다 할 수 있다.