• Title/Summary/Keyword: Equation of the judgment

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Effects of Slenderness Ratio on Dynamic Behavior of Cracked Beams Subjected to Subtangential Follower Force (경사종동력과 크랙을 가진 보의 진동특성에 미치는 세장비의 영향)

  • Son, In-Soo;Yoon, Han-Ik
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.26 no.9
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    • pp.112-120
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    • 2009
  • In this paper the purpose is to investigate the stability and variation of natural frequency of a cracked Timoshenko cantilever beams subjected to subtangential follower force. In addition, an analysis of the stability of a cantilever beam as the crack effect and slenderness ratio is investigated. The governing differential equations of a Timoshenko beam subjected to an end tangential follower force are derived via Hamilton's principle. The two coupled governing differential equations are reduced to one fourth order ordinary differential equation in terms of the flexural displacement. By using the results of this paper, we can obtain the judgment base that the choice of beam models for the effect of slenderness ratio and crack.

A Study on urban runoff by deter ministic simulation techniques. (확정론적 모의기법에 의한 도시유출 해석에 관한 연구)

  • 이은영;강관원
    • Water for future
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 1982
  • In the past, the design flow of the urban storm drainage systems has been used largely on a basis of empirical and experience, and the rational formula one of empirical method has been widely used for our country, as well as world wide. But the empirical method has insufficient factor because minimal consideration is given to the relationship of the parameters in the equation to the processes being considered, and considerable use of experience and judgment in setting values to the coefficients in the equation is made. The postcomputer era of hydrology has brought an acceleration development of mathematical methods, thus mathematical models are methods which will greatly increase our understanding in hydrology. On this study, a simple mathematical model of urban presented by British Road Research Laboratory is tested on urban watersheds in Ju An Ju Gong Apartment. The basin is located in Kan Seog Dong, Inchon. The model produces a runoff hydrograph by applying rain all to only the directly connected impervious area of the basin. To apply this model the basin is divided into contributing areas or subbasins. With this information the time area for contributing is derived. The rainfall hyetograph to design storm for the basin flow has been obtained by determination of total rainfall and the temporal distribution of that rainfall determined on the basis of Huff's method form historical rainfall data of the basin. The inflows from several subbaisns are successively routed down the network of reaches from the upstream end to the outlet. A simple storage routing technique is used which involves the use of the Manning equation to compute the stage discharge curve for the cross-section in question. To apply the model to a basin, the pattern of impervious areas must be known in detail, as well as the slopes and sizes of all surface and subsurface drains.

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User-centered relevance judgement model for information retrieval (정보검색에서의 사용자 중심 적합성 판단 모형)

  • Park, Jung-Ah;Sohn, Young-Woo
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.489-500
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    • 2009
  • This research takes a user-centered approach to define relevance, the core concept in information retrieval. The literature on relevance has identified numerous factors affecting such a judgment. We examined the model of user relevance judgment that describes the relationship between user relevance criteria and different types of relevance with information search task. We consider 7 criteria of user relevance-topicality, novelty, reliability, understandability, specificity, richness, and interest-and 3 type of user relevance-cognitive relevance, situational relevance, and affective relevance. Data were collected from a semi-controlled survey and analyzed by a structural equation modeling. As a result, topicality and reliability were found to be the essential relevance criteria in all information retrieval tasks. In the fact search task, topicality, reliability, novelty, richness, and interest were found to be significant. In the problem solving search task, topicality, reliability, understandability, and specificity were found to be significant. In the decision making search task, topicality, reliability, novelty, understandability, richness, specificity, and interest were found to be significant. In addition, the relationships between types of user relevance were determined. This research made theoretical and practical contributions to the field of information retrieval by identifying a definite model of user relevance judgment.

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A Study of the Effects of the Trunk Angles and the Upper Ann Angles on Workloads in the Lifting Work (들기작업 시 몸통각도와 상완각도가 작업부담에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Seong-Rok;Park, Hyung-Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2009
  • It is well-known that lifting capacity of a worker is influenced by body posture during the task. When a task analyst make use of RULA and REBA Trunk and upper arm angles are recorded in a separate item. It means that the interaction between the angles of two body segments may be ignored in a final score. The NLE(NIOSH Lifting Equation) has been used to supplement this problem. However, there is no study to validate the result of RWL (Recommended Workload Limit) under the existence of interactions between trunk and upper arm angles. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of the interaction between trunk and upper arm angles. Three responses, including NMVC(normalized maximum voluntary contraction), RWL(Recommended Weight Limit) and subjective judgment in psychophysical method (Borg's scale), were recorded according to the combinations of three trunk angles and nine upper arm angles. The results showed that lifting capacity is highly influenced by interaction of two body segments(trunk and upper arm). It means that the task workload has to be analyzed along with the interaction of trunk angles and upper arm angles when the task analyst assesses potential risk factors on the postures. This study may be able to be a fundamental study to develop an assessment method for lifting task analyses according to body postures.

Estimating the regression equations for predicting item difficulty of mathematics in the College Scholastic Ability Test (대학수학능력시험 수리 영역 문항 난이도 예측을 위한 회귀모형 추정)

  • Lee, Sang-Ha;Lee, Bong-Ju;Son, Hong-Chan
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.407-421
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the item characteristics that are supposed to affect item difficulty and to estimate the regression equations for predicting item difficulty of mathematics in the College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT). We selected six variables related to item characteristics based on learning theories: contents, cognitive domain, novelty, item type, number of concepts, and the amount of computation. With data of the CSAT mathematics test administered in 2004-2006, item difficulty was regressed on the six variables, the location of an item, and the item writer's judgment on difficulty. The novelty of an item was found to be a statistically insignificant variable in explaining item difficulty. Four regression equations with different sets of independent variables could explain $70%{\sim}80%$ of the item difficulty variance and were validated as predicting item difficulty of the mock CSAT in 2006.

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Influence of Moral View and Other Variables on Purchase Intentions Concerning Fashion Counterfeits

  • Lee, Seahee;Kim, K.P. Johnson
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.188-207
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this research was to examine the extent of deontological (values) and teleological evaluation (considering consequences) used in arriving at an ethical judgment concerning intention to purchase a fashion counterfeit. In addition, the effect of psychographic (attitudes toward counterfeiting, risk taking, self-image, value consciousness, public self-consciousness, and materialism) and product attributes (perceived fashion content, physical appearance, and image) on intention to purchase a counterfeit product were investigated. Two alternatives and possible consequences as well as the scenario were given to the participants. The first alternative is persuading a friend not to buy a counterfeit and the second alternative is purchasing a counterfeit product with a friend. Participants (n = 245) were undergraduate volunteers enrolled in courses at a Midwestern university. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factory analysis and structural equation modeling. The proposed structural models fit the data adequately in both alternatives, and all paths were significant. Participants followed the decision making steps outlined by Hunt and Vitell (1986) in both alternatives. Personal characteristics exerted no influence on behavioral intentions concerning counterfeits. Two product-related characteristics (i.e., physical appearance of a counterfeit and projected image of a counterfeit) had direct effects on the behavioral intentions. The conclusions of this research are helpful in improving our understanding of variables that influence consumers' purchasing counterfeit luxury products.

Objective assessment of cleft lip nose deformity by neural network (구순열 비변형의 객관적 평가를 위한 Neural Network의 적용)

  • Park, Joong-Hoon;Kim, Jin-Tae;Hong, Hyun-Ki;Kim, Soo-Chan;Kim, Deok-Won
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2006.04a
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    • pp.45-47
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    • 2006
  • Cleft palate is a congenital deformity condition with separation of the two sides of the lip resulting in nose deformity. Evaluation of surgical corrections and outcome assessments for nose deformity due to the cleft lip depends mainly on doctor's subjective judgment. An objective method for evaluation of the condition and surgical outcome of nose deformity due to the cleft palate is needed. This study aimed at objective assessment of a cleft palate nose deformity condition by analyzing the following parameters obtained from photographic images of a cleft palate patients: (1) angle difference between two nostril axes. (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers. (3) overlapped area of two nostrils, and (4) the overlapped area ratio of the two nostrils. A regression equation of doctor's grades was obtained using the eight parameters. Three plastic surgeons gave us the grades for the each photographic image by 10 increments with maximum grade of 100. The average reproducibility of the grades given by the three plastic surgeons and the three laymen using the developed program was $10.8{\pm}4.6%$ and $7.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. Kappa values representing the degree of consensus of the plastic surgeons and the three laymen were 0.43 and 0.83. respectively. Correlation coefficient of the grades evaluated by the surgeons and obtained by the neural network was 0.798. In conclusion. the developed neural network model provided us better reproducibility and much better consensus than doctor's subjective evaluation in addition to objectiveness and easy application.

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Moment redistribution of RC continuous beams: Re-examination of code provisions

  • Da Luo;Zhongwen Zhang;Bing Li
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.85 no.5
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    • pp.679-691
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    • 2023
  • Many codes allow designers to use the bending moment diagram computed by elastic analysis and modify it by a certain amount of moment redistribution (MR) to account for plastic behaviour of continuous beams. However, several researchers indicated that the MR at the ultimate limit state (𝛽u) for some beams deviate significantly from the specified values of various codes. This paper examines the applicability of the provisions on 𝛽u in ACI 318-19 and Eurocode 2 through numerical investigations and comprehensively explores the influencing factors. The results show that some parameters not considered in those codes influence 𝛽u to a certain extent, where the ratio of tensile reinforcement ratio at intermediate support to tensile reinforcement ratio at midspan (𝜌s1/𝜌s2) and load type are crucial parameters to consider. The specific combination of these two parameters may make the codes overestimate or significantly underestimate the 𝛽u. On the other hand, the yield state of both critical sections is found to have an important influence on the influence degree of each parameter on 𝛽u. The yield conditions are investigated, and an empirical judgment equation is proposed. In addition, the influence laws of the critical parameters on 𝛽u have been further proved by theoretical derivation. Finally, due to 𝜀t is found to have a better linear correlation with 𝛽u than xu/d, equations as a function of 𝜀t for predicting the 𝛽u of continuous beams under the two loads are proposed, respectively.

Improvement Segmentation Method of Medical Images using Volume Data (의료영상에서 볼륨 데이터를 이용한 분할개선 기법)

  • Chae, Seung-Hoon;Pan, Sung Bum
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.50 no.8
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2013
  • Medical image segmentation is an image processing technology prior to performing various medical image processing. Therefore, a variety of methods have been researched for fast and accurate medical image segmentation. Accurate judgment of segmentation region is needed to segment the interest region in which patient requested in medical image that various organs exist. However, an case that scanned a part of organs is small occurs. In this case, information to determine the segmentation region is lack. consequently, a removal of segmentation region occurs during the segmentation process. In this paper, we improved segmentation results in a small region using volume data and linear equation. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, we segmented the lung region of chest CT images. As a result of experiments, we confirmed that image segmentation accuracy rose from 0.978 to 0.981 and standard deviation also improved from 0.281 to 0.187.

Testing for Measurement Invariance of Fashion Brand Equity (패션브랜드 자산 측정모델의 등치테스트에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Haejung;Lim Sook Ja;Crutsinger Christy;Knight Dee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.28 no.12 s.138
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    • pp.1583-1595
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    • 2004
  • Simon and Sullivan(l993) estimated that clothing and textile related brand equity had the highest magnitude comparing any other industry category. It reflects that fashion brands reinforce the symbolic, social values and emotional characteristics being different from generic brands. Recently, Kim and Lim(2002) developed a fashion brand equity scale to measure a brand's psychometric properties. However, they suggested that additional psychometric tests were needed to compare the relative magnitude of each brand's equity. The purpose of this study was to recognize the psychometric constructs of fashion brand equity and validate Kim and Lim's fashion brand equity scale using the measurement invariance test of cross-group comparison. First, we identified the constructs of fashion brand equity using confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling. Second, we compared the relative magnitude of two brands' equity using the measurement invariance test of multi-group simultaneous factor analysis. Data were collected at six major universities in Seoul, Korea. There were 696 usable surveys for data analysis. The results showed that fashion brand equity was comprised of 16 items representing six dimensions: customer-brand resonance, customer feeling, customer judgment, brand imagery, brand performance and brand awareness. Also, we could support the measurement invariance of two brands' equities by configural and metric invariance tests. There were significant differences in five constructs' mean values. The greatest difference was in customer feeling; the smallest, in customer judgment.