• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

Eucalyptus is a rich source of biologically active compounds. Among these, phloroglucinol compounds such as sideroxylonals, macrocarpals, euglobals, and robustadials are unique to Eucalyptus species. Sideroxylonal A is a very potent attachment-inhibitor. Macrocarpals show very strong antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. Macrocarpals also show HIV-RTase inhibitory activity. Euglobals are potent inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus activation and are developed as skin and antitumor agents. They also show granulation inhibitory activity. In this review we aim to remove the existing confusion in literature on macrocarpals and discuss the biological activities and structure-activity relationships of phloroglucinol compounds.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.58-58
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1999

Background： Infectious mononucleosis is a disease precipitated by Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in mostly children, some seronegative adolescents and young adults comprising clinical symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy, and pharyngitis as well as laboratory findings such as hetero-phil antibodies and atypical lymphocytosis. It is confirmed by serologic test for EBV. Materials and Methods： A retrospective evaluation of 26 patients who diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis was peformed through the analysis of typical symptom, sign and laboratory findings. Results : Infectious mononucleosis occurs mostly at 3 to 10 years (74.9%), common symptoms and signs are fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar enlargement and exudate. Positive ratio of atypical Lymphocyte(>10%) and hetrophil antibodies are 61.5%, 35.2% respectively, it is less diagnostic. EBV-viral capsid antigen(VCA) IgM are positive in all cases, so it is most diagnostic findings. Conclusion： Infectious mononucleosis should be considered as a cause of cervical lymphadenopathy and pharyngotonsillitis in children and young adults, the assessment of EBV-VCA IgM is necessary for the diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.329-332
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• 2011

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NTCL), nasal type is rare and highly fatal malignant neoplasm. Early diagnosis and establishing treatment plan are very difficult. Furthermore, NTCL in the mandible is an extremely rare condition. The clinical significance of presented case is the very rare location of NTCL. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of NTCL of the mandible in the literature.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 2021

We report a rare case of metachronous lymphoma with two distinct cell lineages in a 75-year-old man. The patient complained about having nasal obstruction for 2 years and extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type was diagnosed from a biopsy. The immunohistochemical staining for CD56 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER-ISH) were positive and the tumor cells were negative for CD20. After 13 months of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patient presented with swelling of the left testis. Positron emission tomography scan detected an abnormal uptake in the testis. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, was diagnosed from subsequent radical orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical staining revealed to be positive for CD20, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and negative for CD10 and EBER-ISH.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2008

Like the other herpesviruses, the virion of MDV consists of an envelope, which surrounds an amorphous tegument. Within the tegument, and icosahedral capsid encloses a linear double-stranded DNA core. Although the genome structure of MDV indicates that it is an ${\alpha}-herpesvirus$ like herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, biological properties indicate MDV is more akin to the ${\gamma}-herpesvirus$ group, which includes Epstein-Barr and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesviruses. These herpesviruses replicate lytically in lymphocytes, epithelial and fibroblastic cells, and persist in lymphoblastoid cells. MDV has a complex life cycle and uses two means of replication, productive and non-productive, to exist and propagate. The method of reproduction changes according to a defined pattern depending on changes in virus-cell interactions at different stages of the disease, and in different tissues. Productive (lytic) interactions involve active invasion and take-over of the host cell, resulting in the production of infectious progeny virions. However, some herpesviruses, including MDV, can also establish a non-productive (abortive) infection in certain cell types, resulting in production of cell-associated progeny virus. Non-productive interactions represent persistent infection, in which the viral genome is present but gene expression is limited, there is no structural or regulatory gene translation, no replication, no release of progeny virions and no cell death. Reactivation of the virus is rare, and usually the infectious virus can be re-isolated only after cultivation in vitro. MDV establishes latency in lymphoid cells, some of which are subsequently transformed. In this review article, recent knowledges of the pathogenesis mechanisms followed by MDV infection to sensitive cells and chickens are discussed precisely.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2019

Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection present with unique intraoral manifestations of various neoplasms. Intraoral HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare presentation, especially in patients of Indian origin and may present as an initial sign of HIV. The objective of this paper is to report a rare case of Burkitt's lymphoma in an HIV-positive Indian patient along with a special emphasis on differential diagnosis. A 30-year-old Indian female presented with a solitary, well-defined, exophytic mass extending anteroposteriorly and buccolingually from the 35th to 38th regions with no evidence of intraosseous extension. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology showed sheets of neoplastic lymphoid cells with numerous tingible body macrophages with clear cytoplasm, presenting a starry sky appearance, suggesting a diagnosis of BL. The tumor cells were positive for CD10, CD20, c-myc, and Epstein-Barr virus, with a nearly 100% Ki-67 proliferative index. The patient tested positive for HIV. This report indicates the importance of immunohistochemical analysis to differentiate Burkitt's lymphoma from other similar lesions like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Thorough knowledge of the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, histopathology, and immunoprofile of intraoral HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is essential among clinicians and pathologists.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.311-314
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• 2023

Thallium poisoning is usually accidental. We present a case of a 51-year-old woman who was evaluated in June 2018 for myalgia, vertigo, asthenia, and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed temporal-spatial disorientation, jaundice, and asterixis. The laboratory reported the following: bilirubin, 10.3 mg/dL; aspartate transaminase, 78 U/L; alanine transaminase, 194 U/L; albumin, 2.3 g/dL; prothrombin time, 40%; and platelet count, 60,000/mm³. Serology performed for hepatitis A, B, and C; Epstein-Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; and human immunodeficiency virus was negative, and a collagenogram was negative. Physical reevaluation revealed alopecia on the scalp, armpits, and eyebrows; macules on the face; plantar hyperkeratosis; and ulcers on the lower limbs. Tests for lead, arsenic, copper, and mercury were carried out, which were normal; however, elevated urinary thallium (540 ㎍/g; range, 0.4-10 ㎍/g) was observed. The patient was treated with D-penicillamine 1,000 mg/day and recovered her urinary thallium levels were within normal range at annual follow-up. Thallium poisoning is extremely rare and can be fatal in small doses. An adequate clinical approach can facilitate early diagnosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) represents a diverse lymphoproliferative disorder ranging front nonspecific reactive hyperplasia to malignant immunoblastic sarcoma developed in a setting of immunosuppression following organ or cellular transplantation. It is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and high dose immunosuppression. PTLD after renal transplantation was reported at first in adult in Korea in 1997. In children there have been several cases of PTLD after liver transplantation but PTLD after renal transplantation has not been reported. This is a case report of PTLD developed 4 months after renal transplantation in a 9-year-old boy. The major clinical manifestations were fever, multiple lymph nodes enlargement and blood-tinged stool. EBV was detected by in-situ hybridization in the enlarged cervical lymph node and the colonic tissue. Histological examination revealed B-cell lineage. Use of ganciclovir and reduction of the immunosuppression level resulted in complete remission of PTLD. This is the first pediatric case report of PTLD following renal transplantation in Korea. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2002 ; 6 : 123-30)

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2011

The Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) is one of the major genomic resources for human genetics and immunological studies. Use of LCLs is currently extended to pharmacogenetic studies to investigate variations in human gene expression as well as drug responses between individuals. We evaluated four common internal controls for gene expression analysis of selected hematopoietic transcriptional regulatory genes between B cells and LCLs. In this study, the expression pattern analyses showed that TBP (TATA box-binding protein) is a suitable internal control for normalization, whereas GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is not a good internal control for gene expression analyses of hematopoiesis-related genes between B cells and LCLs at different subculture passages. Using the TBP normalizer, we found significant gene expression changes in selected hematopoietic transcriptional regulatory genes (downregulation of RUNX1, RUNX3, CBFB, TLE1, and NOTCH2 ; upregulation of MSC and PLAGL2) between B cells and LCLs at different passage numbers. These results suggest that these hematopoietic transcriptional regulatory genes are potential cellular targets of EBV infection, contributing to EBV-mediated B-cell transformation and LCL immortalization.