• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.319-321
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• 2016

People with epilepsy are believed to be at a higher risk of incurring accidental injury than people who do not have seizures. The incidence of injury, either due to seizure or accident as a consequent of seizure is also high and varies from 0.03% to 3%. The most common injuries are head contusions, lacerations, burns and fractures. In this article, we present a case of quadriplegia after a generalized epileptic seizure.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2004

Epileptic seizures result from a temporary electrical disturbance of the brain. In this paper, a method of discriminating EEG for diagnoses of temporal lobe epilepsy is proposed. The proposed method for classification of epilepsy and sleep EEG is based on the wavelet transform and the fuzzy c-means. The magnitude and mean of wavelet coefficients for each EEG band are applied to the cluster of the FCM classifier. The proposed system show a little more accurate diagnosis for EEG by analysis of frequency for Wavelet and the success rate of 95% classification using FCM. From the simulation results by the implemented system, we demonstrated this research can be reduce doctor's labors and realize quantitative diagnosis of EEG.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.516-518
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• 2003

Six year-old female shihtzu was presented as primary epileptic seizure. We had been treated with high dose phenobarbital sodium (6.5 mg/kg), but could not achieved adequate control seizures. In an add-on therapy, the dog was given potassium bromide at a dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg daily for a period of 24 months. This dog has showed a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The therapeutic range of serum concentration of potassium bromide was from 0.7 to 1.3 mg/ml at 6weeks after treatment. To begin an add-on therapy with potassium bromide it can be recommended at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.386-388
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• 2015

We wish to show our experiance with threating a rare congenital brain malformation-encephalocele. It is a protusion of brain matter with greater incidence in the Far East. Our case is even more curious because of the site of occurrence-frontobasal. Most of encephalocele occur in the occipital region. In this article we report a case of a 57-year-old woman, without deformations on the face, which had epileptic seizures and in spite of receiving antiepileptic drug. She was also frequently treated for sinusitis. She never had rhinoliquorrhea, nor was she diagnosed to have meningitis. In the last few years she had difficulty breathing on her right nostril. After she was diagnosed with encephalocele and treated surgically her recovery was complete and she is without the seizures.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1999

Hippocampal slice models can be a powerful tool to study the mechanism of partial epilepsy. Despite the loss of connection with the rest of the brain, in vitro hippocampal slice preparations allow detailed physiological and pharmacological studies, which would be impossible, in vivo. There are several methods to induce electrographic seizures on hippocampal slice models. Those are electrical pulse train stimulation, 0 $Mg^{2+}$ artificial cerebrational fluid and high concentration of extracelluar $K^+$ on bath. Among them, the electrically triggered seizure may mimic the physiological communication between neuronal populations without any deterioration of normal physiologic and chemical status of the hippocampal slice models. Presumably, such communication from hyperexcitable areas to other neuronal populations is involved in the development of epilepsy. Electrographic seizures in hippocampal slice models occur in the network of neurons that are involved in epileptic seizures in the hippocampus in vivo. Because these models have many advantages and are very valuable to research of epileptogenesis on partial epilepsy, I would like to introduce the electrophysiological methods to induce electrographic seizure or epilepsy on hippocampal slice models briefly in this paper.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a neuropsychiatric condition that causes a transient alteration of consciousness and loss of self-control. PNES, which occur in vulnerable individuals who often have experienced trauma and are precipitated by overwhelming circumstances, are a body's expression of a distressed mind, a cry for help. PNES are misunderstood, mistreated, under-recognized, and underdiagnosed. The mind-body dichotomy, an artificial divide between physical and mental health and brain disorders into neurology and psychiatry, contributes to undue delays in the diagnosis and treatment of PNES. One of the major barriers in the effective diagnosis and treatment of PNES is the dissonance caused by different illness perceptions between patients and providers. While patients are bewildered by their experiences of disabling attacks beyond their control or comprehension, providers consider PNES trivial because they are not epileptic seizures and are caused by psychological stress. The belief that patients with PNES are feigning or controlling their symptoms leads to negative attitudes of healthcare providers, which in turn lead to a failure to provide the support and respect that patients with PNES so desperately need and deserve. A biopsychosocial perspective and better understanding of the neurobiology of PNES may help bridge this great divide between brain and behavior and improve our interaction with patients, thereby improving prognosis. Knowledge of dysregulated stress hormones, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and altered brain connectivity in PNES will better prepare providers to communicate with patients how intangible emotional stressors could cause tangible involuntary movements and altered awareness.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 1998

To consider current concepts of epilepsy further, the brief review begins with a discussion of what is epilepsy, discribes multifactorial nature of epileptic disorders, and ends with a presentation of current classifications. A combination of the standard antiepielptic drugs(AEDs) may be necessary to treat intractable seizures, but no studies have been done to indicate an optimal combination. The new AEDs provide alternative choices, but questions remain about the optimal timing and manner of administration. AEDs selection must individualized, no drug of choice can be named for all patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

기질적 뇌병변에 의한 부분 간질환자에서 수면이 간질파의 발생에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 기질적 뇌병변에 의한 부분 간질환자 16명과 뇌병변이 없는 34명을 대상으로 50% 수면박탈 후에 통상적인 각성뇌파와 수면뇌파를 동시에 기록하였다. 각성 간질파 지수, 수면 간질파 지수 및 수면에 의한 간질파 지수의 증가율을 구한 후에 기질적 병변의 유무, 발작 및 간질의 종류, 야간 수면 발작의 유무, 이차적 전신성 발작의 유무, 항경련제의 복용 여부, 환자의 나이 및 간질의 발병 연령과 유병 기간에 따른 유의한 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 1. NREM 수면 기간에 간질파의 발생이 유의하게 증가하였으나 기질적인 뇌병변의 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 2. 수면 기간 중 간질파의 증가는 이차적 전신발작의 빈도, 간질 및 발작의 종류, 야간 수면 발작의 빈도, 항경련제 복용에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 전체 50명 가운데 13명(26%) 에서는 수면 상태에서만 간질파가 관찰되었고, 1명(2%) 에서는 각성 상태에서만 간질파가 관찰되었다. 4. 대상 환자 50명 가운데 44명(88%)에서 수면 간질파 지수가 높았고, 5명(10%)에서는 각성 간질파 지수가 높았다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로 볼 때 기질적 뇌병변을 가진 부분 간질환자에서 통상적인 외래 뇌파검사의 진단율을 높이고 간질파를 활성화시키기 위해서는 수면박탈 후에 각성 상태뿐만 아니라 NREM 수면 상태의 뇌파를 기록하여야 할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

Kainic acid (KA) is a excitatory agonist causing epileptic seizure and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Gastrodia Elata (GE) is known to have anti-convulsant and anti-oxidant effects. This study was investigated a possible role of GE in suppressing epileptic seizure using KA-induced epilepsy mouse model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administrated GE (50 or 500 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days, and then injected KA (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Behavioral changes in mice by KA were evaluated for 90 minutes immediately after the KA administration. Six hours after the KA administration, their brains were harvested and the expressions of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD-67) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the hippocampus of the mice were measured by immunohistochemistry.GE delayed the onset of epileptic seizure after KA administration, suppressed the severity of the seizure and decreased the number of severe seizures dose dependently. Moreover, GAD-67 and KCC2 expressions in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of 500 mg/kg GE administrated mice were significantly increased compared to those in KA-treated mice.GAD-67 and KCC2 play an important role in regulating GABAergic system. Our results suggest that GE has anti-convulsant effect against KA-induced epileptic seizure through enhancing GABAergic system.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.306-318
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• 1995

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 신경과에서 1991년 1월부터 1993년 8월 사이에 발작의 임상 양상이나 뇌파검사에서 부분성 발작으로 진단된 환자들 중에서 대상기준 및 제외기준을 만족하는 비조절군 45례와 조절군 68례를 대상으로 하여 난치성에 관련된 임상변수들을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 부분성 복합발작, 다종의 발작형, 군집성 발작 양상이나 중첩성 발작형의 병력이 있는 경우에 약물치료에 대한 반응이 불량하였다 (p<0.01). 치료전의 발작횟수가 많을수록 항경련제 치료에 잘 반응하지 않았다 (p<0.01). 경련의 명확한 원인이 규명된 경우, 신경학적 이상소견 및 정신심리적인 결함이 있는 경우에 치료에 잘 반응하지 않았다 (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01). 뇌파검사에서 배경파의 서파화, 국소성 서파, 간질파 및 이차적 양측성 동기화 등의 이상소견이 있으면 치료에 대한 반응이 불량하였다 (p<0.01). 성별, 발병연령, 간질병소의 분포, 치료전의 유병기간, 가족력 및 신경방사선적 이상소견 등은 치료에 대한 예후와는 무관하였다. 이상의 결과에 비추어 보아, 난치성과 관련된 임상변수를 적어도 4개 이상 가진 환자에서는 치료에 잘 반응하지 않는 난치성 간질로 될 가능성이 크다고 할 수 있다.