• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.170-186
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• 2001

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has newly evolved by the mechanical improvement of the machine over past several years, becoming a part of imaging techniques for the evaluation of variable diseases in the musculoskeletal system. MSUS has proven diagnostic superiority in pathologies including rotator cuff disease of the shoulder, lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, diseases of the peripheral nerve, detection of intra-articular loose bodies and soft tissue foreign bodies, and in evaluating small superficial soft tissue tumors such as ganglion, epidermoid cyst, and glomus tumor. Besides, MSUS is very useful for obtaining tissue or fluid via percutaneous fine needle aspiration and/or biopsy for the histopathologic diagnosis. Combining MSUS with MR would play a great role in the field of the diagnostic imaging of the musculoskeletal system. The MSUS examiner should have the knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy, and of the mechanical and physical properties of ultrasound in order to interpret the ultrasound findings accurately and properly, and to avoid diagnostic errors due to variable artifacts subsequently. The goal of this article is to introduce the capabilities of MSUS in certain kinds of clinical situation and to familiarize the reader with MSUS. For the purpose, author intends to describe this article according not to the disease-, or organ-based, but to the clinical problem-based format.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.490-496
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• 1996

Naphtodianthrone hypericin produced a potent antitumor activity in vitro against several tumor cells. However, it did not show any cytotoxicity on normal cells such as Macaccus rheus monkey kidney cells (MA-104) and primary cultured rat hepatocytes up to $500{\mu}M$ concentration. Hypericin added to A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell membrane inhibited the autophosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the tyrosine phosphorylation of RR-SRC peptide catalyzed by an EGF-receptor. Similarly, treatment of the A431 cells with hypericin inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF-dependent endogenous EGF-receptor by western blotting analysis. Hypericin also inhibited the T cell PTK, $P56^{lck}$, in a dose-dependent fashion with an $IC_{50}=5{\mu}M$. The tyrosine phosphorylation, on RR-SRC peptide and EGF-induced receptor autophosphorylation, either in vitro or in intact cells was inhibited by hypericin at the same concentration as that in A431 cell proliferation. These data suggest that hypericin directly inhibits EGF-receptor and $P56^{lck}$ PTK activity in vitro and can mediate such action in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.710-713
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• 2018

A congenital cholesteatoma is a benign mass formed from the keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. It usually occurs in young children's anterosuperior part of the middle ear. A congenital cholesteatoma which originates from mastoid temporal bone or expands to posterior cranial fossa is rare. Standard treatment of an intracranial cholesteatoma is surgical removal with craniotomy. A 69-year-old woman was diagnosed with a congenital cholesteatoma of mastoid temporal bone that expanded to the posterior cranial fossa, which was successfully treated with transmastoid marsupialization without craniotomy. This is a first documented case of a congenital cholesteatoma of mastoid temporal bone that expanded to posterior cranial fossa, which was successfully treated with transmastoid marsupialization without craniotomy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.383-387
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• 1998

The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is classified as either well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. The criteria used to classify the lesions are discussed, and pathologic features are illustrated. The most important factors in prognosis are : 1. degree of histologic differentiation, and 2. presence or abscence of tumor on the lines of surgical excision. Recurrences rates are correlated with histologic differentiation. Stewart, Foote, and Becker in 1945 coined the term "mucoepidermoid tumor" to discribe an unusual salivary neoplasm containing epidermoid and mucus-secreting cells which was thought to arise in salivsary gland ducts. The treatment of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma is chiefly surgical, although recent data have shown favorable responses to radiation therapy. Currently, surgery followed by radiation treatment is recommended for intermediate-grade and high-grade tumors ; low-grade tumors can be managed by surgery alone. Authors present a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma managed with wide surgical resection and postoperative irradiation and showing a good clinical result with review of literatures.

• 치과방사선
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. For this study, cell surviving curves were obtained for human epidermoid carcinoma A-253 cell line using semiautomated MTT assay. 2,4,6,8,10 Gy were irradiated at a dose rate of 210 cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALDORADO 8. After irradiation, A-253 cell lines(2×10⁴cells/mil were exposed to bleomycin or cisplatin for 1 hour. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose with/without 2 /lg/mi of drug at the 3rd day. And they were compared to control values. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The surviving curve with gentle slope was obtained after irradiation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Gy on A-253 cell line. 2. The cytotoxicity of bleomycin or cisplatin at the concentration of 2㎍/ml was great on A-253 cell line. But, there was no significant difference between the cytotoxicity of bleomycin and that of cisplatin. 3. There were significant differences of surviving fractions after irradiation with 2㎍/mi of bleomycin compared with irradiation only on A-253 cell line. 4. There were significant differences of surviving fractions after irradiation with 2㎍/ml of cisplatin compared with irradiation only on A-253 cell line. 5. There were no significant differences of surviving fractions between the groups of irradiation with bleomycin and the groups of irradiation with cisplatin on A-253 cell line.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1978

Two hundred and seventeen patients underwent diagnostic rigid bronchoscopy or bionchofiberscopy to evaluate the cytologic diagnosis in the lung cancer patient at the department of chest surgery of Yon-Sei university, college of the medicine from 1971 to 1977 year. One hundred and twenty cases of these patients were taken rigid bronchoscopy and ninety four cases of these patient were taken bronchofiberscopy. Cytologic examination of the sputum was done in 214 cases and sputum cytology was positive in 50 cases [23.4%]. Rigid bronchoscopy was made in 120 cases and this bronchoscopic cytology including bronchial washing and bronchial biopsy was positive in 34 cases [28.5%]. Bronchofiberscopy was performed in 94 cases and was positive in 45 cases [47.5%]. Histopathologically, 41 cases [43.6%] were epidermoid cell carcinoma, 8 cases [8.5%]of undifferentiated cell type, 12 cases [12.8%]of adenocarcinoma, 8 cases [8.5%]of alveolar cell type, and the 25 cases were undetermined. Cytologic examination of the sputum lacks the accuracy of the bronchoscopies in terms of both localization and accurate histologic indentification of the type of neoplasm. Rigid bronchoscope has the advantage of permitting identification of a tumor in a central location and of providing a sufficient amount of biopsy material for accurate diagnosis of carcinoma. However, it has the disadvantage of limiting examination to the larger, more central portions of the tracheobronchial tree. Bronchofiberscope had the advantage of examine upper lobe as well as other portions of the tracheobronchial tree which could not be visualized with the rigid bronchoscopy. A positive diagnosis in bronchofiberscopy was obtained in the highest rate, 47. 8% [45 cases]. A1 last, if a bronchogenic carcinoma is suspected on the basis of either symptoms of an abnormality on the chest film the diagnostic work-up-sputum cytology, bronchial washing, bronchoscopic biopsy, scalene node biopsy, thoracentesis and mediastinoscopy explothoracotomy etc-should precede in an attempt not only to obtain the higher positive diagnosis but also to obtain a tissue diagnosis and to evaluate the stage of the disease and to ascertain the appropriate mode of therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2012

Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and tumor progression in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. We previously reported that it promotes cell proliferation through the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FUT4-induced cell invasion remain unknown. In this study we determined the effect of FUT4 on expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 induced by EGF in A431 cells. Treatment with EGF resulted in an alteration of cell morphology and induced an increase in the expression of MMP-12. EGF induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kB (NF-${\kappa}B$) and resulted in phosphorylation of $IkB{\alpha}$ in a time-dependent manner. In addition, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were shown to play a crucial role in mediating EGF-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ when treated with the MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, which resulted in increased MMP-12 expression. Importantly, we showed that FUT4 up-regulated EGF-induced MMP-12 expression by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, thereby inducing phosphorylation/degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Base on our data, we propose that FUT4 up-regulates expression of MMP-12 via a MAPK-NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent mechanism.

• 치과방사선
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.327-339
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• 1999

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Material and Methods: Human epidermoid carcinoma A-431 cell lines were irradiated by 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy at a dose rate of 210cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALDORADO 8 and then were exposed to bleomycin or cisplatin at concentration of 2㎍/㎖ for 1 hour. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose and/or each drug at the 4th day and cell surviving curves were obtained using semiautomated MTT assay. Results: The surviving fraction after irradiation of 2Gy was 0.99, and there was not significant difference of surviving fraction in comparison with the control group on A-431 cell line(P>0.05). But there were significant differences of surviving fractions at doses of 4, 6, 8, 10Gy in comparison with the control group(P<0.05). The cytotoxicity of bleomycin or cisplatin was significantly different in comparison with the control group on A-43l cell line (P<0.05). And the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was greater than that of bleomycin on A-431 cell line (P<0.05). There were significant differences of surviving fractions after irradiation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy with bleomycin or cisplatin in comparison with each group of irradiation only on A-431 cellline(P<0.05). There were significant differences of surviving fractions between the groups of irradiation with bleomycin and cisplatin at doses of 2, 4Gy(P<0.05), but there were not significant differences of surviving fractions at doses of 6, 8, 10Gy on A-431 cell line (P>0.05).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1998

연구배경: 폐암은 전세계적으로 암중에서도 높은 발생빈도를 보이는 질환이며 흡연, 공해와 환경오염 등으로 인해 점차 증가하고 있다. 폐암에서는 다양한 유전학적 변화가 나타나는데 그중에서도 특히 p53의 유전자 변이와 그에 따른 p53 본래의 종양억제력의 상실은 종양발생에 관련되는 것으로 밝혀져 있다. P53 변이의 확인은 면역조직염색, PCR 분석법과 ESISA 분석 등으로 조사할 수 있다. 방 법: P53의 혈청학적 측정은 69명의 폐암환자와 대조군으로 42명 비폐암 호흡기질환자에서 조사되었다. 혈청 p53 변이단백은 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였고 조직 면역화학염색은 p53의 단크론항체를 이용하였다. 결 과: 혈청학적 검사에서 비소세포 폐암의 p53 변이단백은 0.28ng/mL, 소세포폐암은 0.20ng/mL, 그리고 대조군은 0.34ng/mL로서 세군간의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 폐암의 임상병기에 따른 p53의 농도에는 어떤 상관성도 발견할 수 없었다. 폐암조직에 대한 p53 면역화학염색상 50%의 양성율을 보였으나 혈청학적 검사와는 어떤 상관성을 볼 수 없었다. 결 론: 결론적으로 본 연구의 변이 p53단백에 대한 혈청학적 검사는 폐암에 대한 진단적 가치는 없는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 원발성 폐암의 p53 변이를 확인하기 위한 조직면역화학염색은 50%에서 양성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.324-335
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• 1979

During the period of 4 years from August 1975 to August 1979 one hundred and forty seven cases of lung cancer were seen at Paik Foundation Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Among these 147 cases, 104 patients had primary carcinoma of the lung and the remainder was metastatic carcinoma to the lung. Among these 104 primary carcinoma patients, 73 cases were proven histologically as primary carcinoma of the lung. There were three cases of alveolar cell carcinoma [Table 1 ]. This clinical observation is based on those 73 cases including three case reports of the alveolar cell carcinoma. 1. Peak incidence was observed in the 5th decade of life. Male to female ratio was 2 to 1 [Fig. 1]. 2. Pathological classifications were as follows: epidermoid carcinoma, 24 cases [32.9%]; undifferentiated carcinoma, 20 cases [27.4%]; adenocarcinoma, 15 cases [20.5%]; bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [5.5%] and positive cytology, 10 cases [13.7%] [Fig. 2]. 3. Evidence of inoperability was observed in 55 patients [75% of the 73 cases] [Table 3]. 4. Among those 73 cases, operability was evaluated in 18 patients or 25%. One patient refused operation and 17 patients [23.6%] were explored. In 11 [15%] out of 17 patients, thoracotomies were performed. Six cases were pneumonectomies and 5 cases were lobectomies or bilobectomies [Fig. 3]. 5. First case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 46 year-old housewife complaining of cough and hemoptysis for one year. The plain chest X-ray and bronchogram showed characteristic pictures as Figures 4 and 5. A pneumonectomy was carried out. Histologically, a beautiful alveolar carcinoma consisted of the characteristic tall columnar epithelial cells, which were lining the alveolar spaces as seen in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 20. 6. In the second case of 41 year old male, predominant clinical feature was single, well defined mass in the right lower lobe [Fig. 10 and 11] on chest X-ray. Bilobectomized specimen showed fragile, soft and hard tissue containing mucoid secretions and focal yellowish necrosis with pigmentation on cut surface [Fig. 12]. Slides showed tumor cells lined up along the alveolar septa with papillary projections [Fig. 13 and 14]. 7. Third case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 50-year-old housewife with hemoptysis. An outstanding clinical picture was a round to lobulated mass in the right upper lobe [Fig. 16]. She is living now, 2 years and 1 month post-operatively, but has arrived at terminal stage with military nodular disseminations to the contralateral lung [Fig. 19].