• Applied Microscopy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expressed in epidermis of skin, bulge region of hair follicle, outermost layer of outer root sheath and proximal and distal to bulge. Vimentin is a fibrous protein that localized in cytoplasm of fibroblast and forms cytoskeleton to maintain shape of cell and nucleus. In this study, CK19 and vimentin in skin were confirmed with light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscope. As a result, CK19 was localized epidermis, hair follicles, outer root sheath and nucleus of Merkel's cell. However, vimentin was localized some epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and nucleus of Merkel's cell. The role of CK19 is self-renewal and homeostasis in skin. Also, hair follicle regeneration and hair growth is known to be related. It is supposed that required of structural proteins that make up cytoskeleton is increased. Thereby, expression of CK19 is increased. It is considered that vimentin localized in order to stabilize structure of cell and cytoskeleton of fibroblasts. Also, CK19 and vimentin present in nuclei of Merkel's cell, and to act as a fibrous protein that make up end of a nerve fiber present in Merkel's cell and paracrine function of Merkel's cell.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.150-161
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• 2008

It requires more close cooperation process and mediator for smooth communication in this industry structure where design and engineers are separated. The database of design integrates separate system and helps connection between organizations. The application category is utilized variously from formation to operation. Architectures addressed in this content as Frank Gehry and Nox are making differentiated design on the base of 3d digital methodology and using it widely from generation to fabrication. Especially they got to be free from the generative limit as it became available to analyse, digital surface organization, and realize the complex system form. Now more integrated and delicate works got to be affordable owing to various kinds of improved CNC, RP(rapid-prototype) machines, and architecture hardwares. With a linkage of software now at their disposal, architects can create a digital model of a building and all of its design elements, and in turn use this 3d information to construct actual building components using machines driven by CNC and other advanced manufacturing techniques. Digital technologies are enabling a direct correlation between what design and construction, thus bringing to the forefront the issue of the significance of information, the production, communication, application, and control of digital information in the industrial system. The central requirement is the clear, reliable, and consistent exchange of information among all parties involved in creating a given project.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.387-412
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• 2003

Influence of gelatinase on basement membrane (BM) structure was investigated by using a skin equivalent (SE) model. The results showed that (1) gelatinase produced by cells degraded the BM and (2) the addition of matrix metalloproteinase-specific inhibitor to the SE medium accelerated the formation of BM structure, indicating that gelatinase is involved in BM impairment. The activity of gelatinase was also studied in healthy human facial skin tissues. The result of in situ zymography revealed gelatinase activity around the basal layer of the epidermis, where BM integrity was severely compromised. Therefore, this enzyme was suggested to be associated with BM decomposition in human facial skin. To assess the behavior of gelatinase in stratum corneum (SC) non-invasively, an immunological study was performed. Since positive immunostaining of pro-gelatinase B was observed in SC stripped from sun-exposed skin, whereas no positive staining detected in SC of non-irradiated skin, gelatinase in the epidermis could be non-invasively detected by measuring gelatinase in SC. Gelatinase in SC of healthy female volunteers was monitored using a special film that sensitively and conveniently detects gelatinase. Ninetr percent of SC from facial skin (l00 women, 40's-50's) was gelatinase-positive. On the other hand, SC from non-irradiated skin was negative. These results strongly suggest that (1) gelatinase is constantly produced in the facial epidermis of most middle-aged woman during their daily life, and (2) the enzyme might be involved in the aging-related degeneration of both BM and the matrix fibers of the upper layer of the dermis, acting as a very important aging factor. Strong inhibitory activity against gelatinase was found in turmeric extract and identified curcumin as the major ingredient. Topical application of cream containing turmeric extract significantly decreased the number of gelatinase-positive SC clusters in human facial skins. These results indicated that turmeric is an effective ingredient to prevent skin from photo aging by suppressing chlonically upregulated gelatinase activity by UV and to improve skin condition.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2002

The structure of integumentary epidermis is studied in the bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus based on the light and transmission electron microscope. Epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands and accessory cells. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell. Superficial cell of epidermal layer is squamous or cuboidal and the surface is covered with numerous microridges. The supporting cells are connected to another cell with membrane interdigitations and desmosmes. And tonofilaments are developed in the cortical cytoplasm. Gland cells are classified into mucous cell and club cell. By the histochemical studies of the epidermal secretions the mucous materials are identified as neutral polysaccharides. Club cell has numerous vacuoles and microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Also chloride cells are observed in the epidermis, it cytoplasm is occupied numerous mitochondria.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.303-318
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• 1995

Microscopic structures of epidermis and palynology and isozyme analysis were examined to find out the intergeneric and interspecific relationships and consequently to confirm the position of Hanabusaya aiatica as an endemic genus among 4 genera and 9 species belonging to the Hanabusaya asiatica, Korean endemic, and its allied groups. In the examination of microscopic structures of epidermis, cell patterns of perianth and ultrastructure of seed coat were found to be useful characters for the identification of the 4 genera and 9 species. Palynological characters such as microscopic structure and overall morphology of pollen grains were, however, not enough to distinguish them because of the great variabilities in these traits. Isozyme analysis showed that H. asiatica was very closly related to Campanula punctata and C. takesimana, though there were variations among populations and collected areas in some classified groups, depending on classified groups. Based on these results, the position of H. asiatica as an endemic genus was well confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.584-585
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.157.4-157
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2001

The skin structure of Misgurnus mizolepis was studied based on the microanatomical investigation of skin fragments taken from four regions. The epidermis was distinguished by two types of skin glands, a small mucous cell and a large club cell. The mucous cell was acid sulfomucins (some sialomucins) but the club cell did not give any histochemical tests for mucosubstances. The presence of a well defined lymphatic system with small lymphocytes was established in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis. A large number of blood capillaries run very close to each other just below the basement membrane, and a definite area giving AB and PAS positive was present between the basement membrane and scale. These structural features of skin in M. mizolepis seem to be closely related with cutaneous respiration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1991

The atrichomatous wall of ovary in Calotropis procera becomes highly pubescent in the young fruit, but scabrous I the mature fruit. The single layered epicarp develops from the outer epidermis of the ovary wall. The mesocarp which develops from the mesodermis is distinguished into outer, middle and inner zones. The central mesocarp breaks up in the course of fruit development and disintegrate to form large air chambers. The 2-3 layered lignified endocarp develops from the inner epidermis as well as from the inner mesodermis layers of the ground tissue and shows a‘parquetry pattern’of cell arrangement in surface view. The parenchymatous becomes aerenchymatous in the mature fruit. Fruit dehiscence in marginicidal (ventricidal).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 1983

Age differences in the skin structure have been studied in young (one year-old) and aged (five and a half year-old) frogs, Xenopus laevis. The epidermis in young frogs is made up of an average of 6.3 and 4.7 layers of epithelial cells at abdominal and dorsal surfaces, respectively. In aged frogs, the number of respective cell layers at abdominal and dorsal surfaces increases to 8.8 and 5.6. The thickness of the dermis (spongiosum) in aged frogs is decreased 25% on the abdominal side (from 267㎛ to 207㎛) but is increased by 11 % on the dorsal side (from 275㎛ to 305㎛). The nucleolar index and ³H-uridine incorporation, as judged by radioautography, by epithelial cells are drastically reduced in aged frogs.