• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2016

인간 유두종 바이러스(HPV)에 의한 감염은 자궁경부암의 원인이다. HPV DNA의 세포 검사에서의 변화는 향후 더 도전적으로 발전을 기대한다, HPV 유전자형의 감염에 대한 새로운 HPV의 DNA(22종) chip 검사는 최근 한국에서 많이 개발되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 서울 지역에서 HPV 감염의 빈도와 유전자형 분포를 알아보고자 하였다. 지난 2015년 한 해 동안 서울지역 종합병원 내원객을 대상으로 총 5,614 검체의 검사에서 HPV 유전자형은 1,596 (28.4%)에서 검출되었다, 이중 한 종류의 유전자형은 가진 검체(n=831) 중고위험 HPV는 679 (42.5%), 저위험 HPV는 152 (9.5%)로 나타났다. 이중 자주 발견 유전자형은 HPV-16 (16.5%), 58 (15.2%), 52(8.8%), 51 (7.1%), 56 (5.9%) 순이었다. 혼합 유전자형(n=219) 중 2종(n=176, 11.0%), 3종(n=37, 5.9%), 4종(n=2, 0.1%)이 나타났다 이에 본 연구는 종합 병원 방문자의 HPV 감염을 조사하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 HPV 전국적으로 분포 및 백신의 도입을 안내하는 데 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 진료에 중요한 정보를 제공하며 역학적 추가 연구가 요구된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1996

Polyclonal antiserum R101 against aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) was raised in New Zealand white rabbits after injection of bovine serum albumin-$AFB_1$ conjugate. Competitive ELISA (enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay) demonstrated that antiserum R101 has the highest binding for $AFB_1$ (50% inhibition at 170 fmol) and aflatoxicol II (50% inhibition at 112 fmol). It also reacts with other aflatoxins such as $AFB_2$, $AFG_1$, $AFG_2$, and aflatoxin metabolites ($AFM_1$, $AFM_2$, $AFP_1$, and $AFQ_1$), but it does not cross-react with $AFG_2a$. Using this antiserum, aflatoxins were quantitated in 100 urine samples of undergraduate students at the College of Pharmacy, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Republic of Korea. By ELISA, $AFB_1$ and its metabolites were detected in human urine samples (N=100, male=89, female=11, ages=20~31 yrs) with a range of 1.4~200.6 ng/kg/day (mean$\pm$SD=$18.11{\pm}33.01\;ng\;AFB_1/kg/day$ in males, $3.82{\pm}2.65\;ng/kg/day$ in females). Assuming that urinary excretion is about 7.6% of $AFB_1$ intake (Groopman et al., 1992), we estimated that Koreans were daily exposed to a total dietary $AFB_1$ of $240.20{\pm}438.67\;ng/kg/day$ in males and $50.35{\pm}29.88\;ng/kg/day$ in females, respectively. When the human monitoring data was applied to a linear regression model of Y=21.67X-10.04 {Y=liver cancer incidence per 100,000, X=Log $AFB_1$ intake (ng/kg/day), r=0.99} developed from previously reported epidemiological data, calculated liver cancer incidences attributed to $AFB_1$ exposure were 41.56/100,000 in males and 26.84/100,000 in females. The incidences were similarly correlated with liver cancer mortality rates of 43.43/100,000 in males and 11.23/100,000 in females in Korea. These results suggest that aflatoxin exposure may be an important risk factor for the high incidence of liver cancer in Korea.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.224-237
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• 2004

Background & Object : It is well known that functional dyspepsia is one of the most common diseases. While many dyspepsia patients have been helped with oriental medical therapy, there has not been a study based on the concepts of oriental medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a fundamental epidemiological survey and to analyse the symptom pattern of functional dyspepsia. Methods : 86 patients(27 males, 59 females) diagnosed with functional dyspepsia in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from May to December 2002 were involved in this investigation. The disease characteristics of functional dyspepsia(based on Rome criteria II) and the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure were investigated by questionnaire and physical examination. The total score and composition ratio of each comprehensive diagnosis were calculated from the symptom score described in the questionnaire. Results : The total score from the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure was found to be influenced by the number of functional dyspepsia symptoms(p=0.026) and the patient's own cognition of their current dyspeptic situation(p=0.006), in addition to digestive ability and general congnition(p=0.006), and was not associated with sex, duration of dyspeptic symptoms in one year, or the total illness period, In the composition ratio of the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure, only Qui-yu(p=0.048) diagnosis was accurate regarding the number of symptoms in one year, total illness period, or the patients' own congnition of their current dyspeptic situation, But the value of the composition ratio among the total factors involved was most similar to that of sex. Conclusions : Thus, it is shown here that the total score of using the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure is mainly dependent on dyspeptic symptoms and the patinets' own cognition of their current dyspeptic situation, and that regular symptom patterns in the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure exist in dyspeptic patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2009

목 적 : 2002-2007년 보고된 홍역 사례 및 유행에 대한 역학적 분석을 통해서 현재 홍역퇴치 수준을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 홍역퇴치 수준을 평가하기 위해서 인구집단의 질병유행 여부를 평가하는데 가장 보편적인 방법인 한명의 환자에서 평균 몇 명의 환자에게 질병이 전파되는지를 나타내는 감염재생산수(R: the effective reproduction number)를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 2002년부터 2007년 까지 각각 11명, 13명, 6명, 6명, 25명, 180명의 사례가 발생하였다. 2006년도에 15명의 환자가 발생한 1건의 유행이 있었고 2007년도에는 각각 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 9, 9, 12, 50명의 사례가 발생한 11건의 유행이 있었다. 2002- 2007년도 해외유입 사례의 비율에 의한 R 값은 0.95, 유행의 크기에 대한 비율에 의한 R 값은 0.43 이었다. 2007년도에는 원내감염을 중심으로 한 유행이 발생하였고 대부분의 사례가 4세 이하였고 예방접종력이 없었다. 대부분의 사례의 감염원을 찾을 수 없었다. 결 론 : 홍역퇴치 수준의 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 원내감염과 같은 감수성 집단의 유행 차단 및 신뢰성 있는 감시체계와 역학조사를 시행하여야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-43
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• 1999

A study on severity of cerebro-vascular accident patients in Korea was conduced in order to determine the risk factors affecting the severity of stroke patients. This study was performed by interviewing a total of 477 hospitalized and ambulatory patient of CVA in Seoul, Taejon, and Taegu and Pusan areas from April 1, 1998 through June 30, 1998. The results are as follows; 1. Two hundred and sixty seven $(56\%)$ at Four hundred and seventy seven subjects were manes, md two hundred and ten $(44\%)$ were females. $28.3\%$ of the subjects' ages were 50's and $27.3\%$ were 60's and $18.5\%$ were 70's. $22.6\%$ of the subjects' occupations were home makers, $17.8\%$ were farming. $66.4\%$ of the subjects spent their childhood in urban areas and $33.1\%$in rural areas. $41.7\%$ of the subjects became violin of CVA in Spring, $35.0\%$ in Winter. 2. On physical and mental conditions of the subjects at the occurrence of CVA, $28.7\%$ of the subjects were engaged in physical activities. $22.6\%$ were in a rest stale $19.5\%$ were in sleeping and $18.9\%$ were mentally shocked. $79.4\%$ of the male subjects and $14.8\%$ of female subjects smoked cigarettes. $82\%$ of male subjects drank coffee. $81.1\%$ of the subjects did not exercise regularly. $45.9\%$ of the subjects had the systolic blood pressures in the range of 160 to 199 mmHg and $5.6\%$ of the subjects had hypertension before the occurrence of stroke and $11.7\%$ had diabetes. 3. Of the types of strokes, cerebral hemorrhage was the highest $(49.1\%)$. cerebral infarction was the second $(41.1\%)$. Severe strokes were found in cerebral hemorrhage cases $(52.0\%)$ and cerebral infarction cases $(40.1\%).\;50.9\%$. of the male subjects were moderate cases, $50.9\%$ were severe cases. In females, moderate cases were $72.4\%$, severe cases $15.2\%$. $37.5\%$ of the subjects who had preceding diseases were severe cases, and $15.6\%$ of the subjects without preceding diseases were severe cases. $50.7\%$ of the subjects whose family members had strokes had severe strokes. $34\%$ of the subjects sleeping less than 6 hours a day, $42.4\%$ of the subjects with irregular eating habits, $33.3\%$ of the subjects who liked meat, and $42.3\%$ of the subjects who liked salty foods had severe strokes. $35.9\%$ of the subjects with hot temper, $27.6\%$ of the subjects with moderate temper and $14.5\%$ of subjects with mild temper were severe cases. 4. The correlation coefficient between obesity and blood pressure was 0.094.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

목 적: 설사 환아에서 rotavirus 장염의 빈도는 매우 높으며 rotavirs에 대한 예방 접종이 실용화되었으나 국내 rotavirus 혈청형 분포에 대한 체계적인 연구 결과는 매우 드물고, 혈청형의 정확한 분포비율도 아직까지는 알려져 있지 않다. Rotavirus 설사 환아의 G 혈청형 분포를 RT-PCR 기법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 6월부터 1999년 5월까지 설사를 주소로 내원 또는 입원한 소아 202명을 대상으로 하였다. 설사 시작 후 3일 이내의 대변을 채취하여 영하 $20^{\circ}C$의 냉동고에 보존하였다. EIA(TestPack Rotavirus, Abbott Laboratories)법으로 rotavirus 양성인 검체를 선별하였으며, 양성 반응을 보인 검체를 대상으로하여 RT-PCR을 이용하여 rotavirus G serotype을 결정하였다. 결 과: 총 202 검체 중에서 rotavirus 양성은 95례였으며, 이 중 serotype 판정이 가능했던 것은 50례이었다. G serotype 1이 5례(10%), 2 (G2)가 5례(10%), 3 (G3)가 14례(28%), 4 (G4)가 13례(26%), 9(G9)이 10례(20%)였으며, G1과 G9이 함께 있는 것과, G2과 G9이 함께 있는 것, G4와 G9이 함께 있는 경우가 각 1례씩 있었다. G8은 발견되지 않았다. 결 론: 국내에 기존에는 알려지지 않았던 G9이 상당수 있으며, 일반적으로 제일 많다고 알려진 G1보다 G3, G4가 더 많은 비율을 차지하는 등 이번 연구 결과는 기존에 발표되었던 자료와는 많은 상이점을 보인다. 이는 지역적인 요인 및 시기 상의 일시적인 현상이라고 볼 수도 있으나, 보다 정확한 역학적인 자료를 얻기 위해서는 보다 광범위하고 장기적인 조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen that causes diverse diseases ranging from minor infections to life-threatening conditions in humans and animals. To further understand its pathogenesis, the genome of the strain S. aureus FORC_001 was isolated from a contaminated food. Its genome consists of 2,886,017 bp double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 32.8%. It is predicted to contain 2,728 open reading frames, 57 tRNAs, and 6 rRNA operons, including 1 additional 5S rRNA gene. Comparative phylogenetic tree analysis of 40 complete S. aureus genome sequences using average nucleotide identity (ANI) revealed that strain FORC_001 belonged to Group I. The closest phylogenetic match was S. aureus MRSA252, according to a whole-genome ANI (99.87%), suggesting that they might share a common ancestor. Comparative genome analysis of FORC_001 and MRSA252 revealed two non-homologous regions: Regions I and II. The presence of various antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec cluster in Region I of MRSA252, suggests that this strain might have acquired the SCCmec cluster to adapt to specific environments containing methicillin. Region II of both genomes contains prophage regions but their DNA sequence identity is very low, suggesting that the prophages might differ. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of S. aureus isolated from a real foodborne outbreak in South Korea. This report would be helpful to extend our understanding about the genome, general characteristics, and virulence factors of S. aureus for further studies of pathogenesis, rapid detection, and epidemiological investigation in foodborne outbreak.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2010

본 연구는 최근 국내에서 발생하는 CCV 장염의 역학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여, 2003년 6월부터 2007년 9월까지 전국의 10개 지역 동물병원에서 설사증상을 보이는 381두의 분변 시료를 채취하였으며, 이중 358두는 혈청학적 검사를 위하여 혈청 시료를 채취하였다. 또한 CCV 장염의 발생에 대한 역학적 조사와 CCV 장염에 이환된 환자의 생존에 영향을 미치는 역학적 요인들에 대하여 조사하였다. 설사증상을 보이는 총 381두중 131두(34.4%)가 CCV 장염으로 확진되었으며, 그 중 30.5%의 변에서는 genotype I이 검출되었고 29.0%에서는 genotype II가 검출되었으며 40.5%에서는 genotype I과 II가 혼합 감염되어 있었다. CCV 장염은 6-18주령의 예방접종을 실시하지 않았거나 불완전하게 실시한 개체에서 주로 발생하였다. 주요 임상증상으로 설사, 구토와 식욕 결핍 증상이 대부분의 환축에서 나타났다. CCV에 이환된 환자 중 나이가 많거나 예방접종을 완료했을 경우 생존율이 높았으며(P < 0.05) 식욕 결핍이 없는 개체일수록 생존율이 높게 나타났다(P < 0.01). CCV 장염에 이환된 환자의 대부분은 개 파보바이러스(CPV-2)와 혼합감염되었으나 이로 인한 생존율에서 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 국내에서 CCV의 감염은 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, CCV 장염은 어린 개체에서 설사를 일으키는 중요한 요인 중의 하나로 확인되었으므로 CCV 감염된 집단으로부터 감수성 있는 개체를 분리하고 CCV에 대한 예방접종을 실시할 필요성이 제기되고 있다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a very acute systemic disease in poultry, particularly in chickens and turkeys caused by HPAI viruses. An outbreak of HPAI caused by subtype H5N1, was first reported in a broiler breeder farm on December 10, 2003 in Korea, although there had been twenty one outbreaks of the disease reported in the world before. Since mid-December 2003, eight Asian countries have confirmed outbreaks of HPAI due to the same subtype. The outbreak has also resulted in at least twenty three fatal human cases in Vietnam and Thailand as of May 17, 2004 according to the WHO. Regarding the first outbreak of recent Asian HPAI, it has been suspected that some Asian countries with the exception of Korea and Japan veiled the fact of HPAI outbreaks since the last half of 2003, even though it was first reported in Korea. There have been total nineteen outbreaks of HPAI among chicken and duck farms in 10 provinces in Korea since Dec. 2003 and approximately 5,280,000 birds were slaughtered from 392 farms for eradication of the disease and preemptive culling. The origin of the H5Nl HPAI virus introduced into the country are unknown and still under epidemiological investigation. Current status of outbreaks and characteristics of HPAI will be reviewed and discussed on the basis of genetic, virological, clinicopathological, and ecological aspect, as well as future measures for surveillance and prevention of the disease in Korea.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2016

Objectives: One major limitation encountered in retrospective exposure assessment for epidemiological study is the lack of exposure records and information maintained by companies which if they existed would allow the estimation of past exposure to hazardous operations and agents. This study developed a job-specific questionnaire(JSQ) to estimate exposure profiles among semiconductor workers, including operation and job. Methods: This JSQ can be directly applied to workers who work or have worked in a wafer fabrication or a chip packaging and assembly facility. Results and Conclusions: We used this JSQ to obtain past exposure information from semiconductor workers via face-to-face investigation. Major contents include questions on the facilities, operations and jobs to which they have been exposed since they entered employment in the semiconductor industry. The total number of questions in the JSQ is 18. Responses to this JSQ can be used not only to estimate retrospective exposure to operations and jobs in the semiconductor industry, but also to associate with the risk of all causes of death and risk of disease, including cancer.