• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 1993

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of dietary and life-style factors on the prevalence of depression in Korea. Epidemiologic data from a nation-wide sample of 2,000 adults who were selected with the stratified random sampling method in Korea were interviewed by trained interviewers. Data were presented on the CES-D, a 20-items self-report depression symptom scale developed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies in U.S.A. The prevalence of depression among all the respondents was 13.5%, with 13.1% in urban samples and 15.5% in rural samples. The prevalence was higher in females(15.3%) than in males(11.7%). There were highly marked differences in the prevalence of depression by sex(p<0.05), age(p<0.0001), education(p<0.001) and income(p<0.01). Respondents of 60 years and over group, the less educated group(below elementary school graduated), and the less income group(less than 400,000 won/month) reported the highest rate of depression. However subjects' occupation and residence had little relation with the prevalence of depression. Drinking and smoking habit appeared to be highly associated with depression in females(p<0.0001) but not in males. The prevalence of depression and eating behavior were highly related(p<0.005). Male respondents below 20 years, 20-29, and 60 years and over depressed group reported significantly lower energy and protein intakes compared to that of the normal group. However, in the female respondents 20-29 years and 60 years and over depressed groups showed the significantly lower energy and protein intakes compared to those of the normal groups(p<0.05), it can be concluded that the various ecological factors such as epidemiological, dietary, and health factors may affect the prevalence of depression among Korean.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2020

This study focuses on the comparative and quantitative analysis of the epidemiologic trends and aspects of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) outbreaks between Korea and Japan from 2013 to 2017. The following factors were analyzed; cumulative incidence rate (CIR), cases-fatality rate (CFR), and the epidemic aspects, including cases related to gender, male-to-female morbidity ratio (MFMR), age, seasonal, and geographical distributions. We observed 607 SFTS cases with CIR in Korea during the period 2013 to 2017 were as 0.24 per 100,000 populations and with a 127 fatal-cases (F.C.s), corresponding to a CFR of 20.9%, respectively. During the same period in Japan, 319 SFTS cases with a CIR of 0.05 and with 60 F.C.s to a CFR of 18.8% observed. When compared, the CIR of SFTS in Korea was significantly higher than in Japan (P<0.01), but there were no significant differences levels of the CFR and MFMR between Korea and Japan. Also, a higher incidence of SFTS was observed in people aged over 50-years or elders in Korea and those of 60-years or elders in Japan (P<0.01). The seasonal distribution of SFTS outbreak cases showed that the incidence in summer through autumn in Korea (92.4% of total cases) was higher than in Japan (65.2%), while the outbreaks of SFTS in spring was much higher in Japan (31.0%) than in Korea (7.4%), (P<0.01). The regional distribution revealed no significant difference between the eastern area (44.8%) and the western area (46.8%) of the Korean peninsula except Jeju-island (8.4%). However, in Japan, the incidence only occurred in Chubu-Kinki-Chugoku (30.3%), Shikoku (25.7%), Kyushu (42.6%) and Okinawa (0.3%), which are the western and southern areas of Japan. These differences in SFTS occurrence may reflect the influences of vector/hosts, climate, and geographical and cultural characteristics between the two countries.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.561-564
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• 2017

This report describes a dog infected with Hepatozoon canis, the first canine infection in the Republic of Korea. A 2-year-old intact male Maltese dog presented with anorexia and depression. Physical examinations revealed mild dehydration and hyperthermia ($39.8^{\circ}C$), and blood analysis showed pancytopenia. Diff-Quik staining of blood smear specimens showed the presence of ellipsoidal shaped structures (gamonts of H. canis) within a small number of neutrophils. Real-time PCR analysis using whole blood confirmed infection by H. canis. The clinical condition of the dog improved after symptomatic treatment and administration of doxycycline. Although a molecular epidemiologic survey in Korea showed H. canis infection of dogs, to our knowledge this is the first report of a dog infection in Korea molecularly shown to be H. canis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10293-10298
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• 2015

Background: Previous epidemiologic studies on the association between energy intake and endometrial cancer risk have only generated contradictory results. The role of energy intake in endometrial carcinogenesis thus remains unclear. To quantitatively assess the potential association between energy intake and endometrial cancer, a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was here conducted. Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Fixed-or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates of OR with 95%CIs. Stratified analyses on study design, region and macronutrients' calorie were performed. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. No association between total energy intake and endometrial cancer was observed in either overall group (OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.92-1.30) or subgroups stratified by study design and region. In the specific macronutrients' calorie analysis, higher fat energy intake was found to be associated with increased endometrial risk (OR=1.72, 95%CI 1.12-2.32) while energy from carbohydrate and protein was not related to endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Our analysis did not support that total energy intake is related to endometrial cancer risk, in contrast to fat energy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4567-4575
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• 2016

A number of studies have evidenced the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet, breastfeeding and nutritional status on breast cancer risk. However, none have addressed the missing data problem in nutritional epidemiologic research in South America. Missing data is a frequent problem in breast cancer studies and epidemiological settings in general. Estimates of effect obtained from these studies may be biased, if no appropriate method for handling missing data is applied. We performed Multiple Imputation for missing values on covariates in a breast cancer case-control study of $C{\acute{o}}rdoba$ (Argentina) to optimize risk estimates. Data was obtained from a breast cancer case control study from 2008 to 2015 (318 cases, 526 controls). Complete case analysis and multiple imputation using chained equations were the methods applied to estimate the effects of a Traditional dietary pattern and other recognized factors associated with breast cancer. Physical activity and socioeconomic status were imputed. Logistic regression models were performed. When complete case analysis was performed only 31% of women were considered. Although a positive association of Traditional dietary pattern and breast cancer was observed from both approaches (complete case analysis OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.0-1.7; multiple imputation OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.2-1.7), effects of other covariates, like BMI and breastfeeding, were only identified when multiple imputation was considered. A Traditional dietary pattern, BMI and breastfeeding are associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in this Argentinean population when multiple imputation is appropriately performed. Multiple Imputation is suggested in Latin America's epidemiologic studies to optimize effect estimates in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-48
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• 1998

This study was conducted to integrate the results of studies which evaluated or identified the risk factors of CVD(cerebrovascular disorders) for Koreans. We retrieved the literature published in Korean by manual search and the English literature by Medline database to identify studies on the relationship between reported risk factors and CVD conducted for the Korean from 1980 to August, 1997. Hypertension and total serum cholesterol were selected as subjects of quantitative meta-analysis on risk factors of CVD in Koreans. The overall effect sizes of the risk of CVD due to hypertension and total serum cholesterol were calculated by common odds ratio(OR) and average standardized mean difference, retrospectively. Before the integration of each effect sizes into common effect sizes, the heterogeneity tests were conducted. Also, sensitivity tests were conducted for the estimated common effect sizes. Regarding hypertension and CVD, a total of 9 epidemiologic studies were identified with a total of 2,271 cases of CVD. The overall OR of hypertension associated CVD was 4.10(95% confidence interval[CI] 3.56 to 4.71). The OR of hypertension associated with hemorrhagic CVD and ischemic CVD were 6.56(95% CI : 4.92 to 8.80) and 3.28 (95% CI : 2.77 to 3.90), retrospectively. The OR of hypertension in relation to hemorrhagic CVD was significantly higher than that of hypertension in relation to overall CVD or ischemic CVD. Regarding total serum cholesterol and ischemic CVD, total 9 epidemiologic studies were identified with a total of 843 cases of ischemic CVD. Average mean difference as an effect size was 0.76, which was judged an important value according to Cohen's criteria. Our data suggested that hypertension was an important risk factor of overall CVD and its subtypes, and that the total serum cholesterol was associated with ischemic CVD in Koreans. For the lack of reliable prospective studies, however, we concluded that further research designed longitudinally would be required in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2003

목 적：본 연구는 청소년의 자살성향과 관련된 정서적 특성을 지역사회연구를 통하여 조사함과 아울러 우울불안 집단을 설정하여 그들의 충동성과 자살사고를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법：경기도 고양시의 1909명의 중·고등학생들을 대상으로 Center for Epidemiologic Study for Depression(CES-D), Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale(RCMAS), Youth Self Report(YSR)의 Anxious/Depressed subscale을 사용하여 우울불안집단을 선정하였고, 대조집단과 비교하여 PS-1 of Offer's Self Image Questionnaire(PS-1 of OSIQ), Suicide Ideation Questionnaire(SIQ) 척도점수를 측정하였다. 또한 자살사고와 관련된 정서적 요인들과의 상관성 및 자살사고 예측력을 분석하였다. 결 과：우울불안집단을 연구대상의 6.58%를 차지하였으며 남녀비는 약 1:1.5이었다. 또한 우울불안집단에서 대조집단에 비하여 충동성조절 점수는 유의하게 높았고 자살사고 척도 점수도 유의하게 높았다. 자살사고와 관련하여 우울척도, 불안척도, 우울-불안척도 및 자살사고 척도는 모두 유의한 상관성을 보인 요인들이었으며, 다중회귀분석 결과 우울과 불안이 자살사고를 예측하는 유의한 요인이었다. 결 론：지역사회 청소년들을 대상으로 자살사고의 정서적 요인들 조사한 결과 우울 및 불안성향을 지닌 집단이 자살의 고위험군임을 시사하였으며, 이를 위한 예방적 개입이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2000

목 적 : A군 연쇄상구균은 소아영역에서 상기도 감염의 중요한 원인이며, 부적절한 치료시 류마티열 및 급성 신사구체염을 유발시키는 중요한 세균이다. A군 연쇄상구균의 세포벽을 구성하고 있는 T단백질의 항원성 분류는 연쇄구균감염의 역학적 상황을 이해하는데 유용하다고 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은, 지난 3년동안 우리나라 초등학생 연쇄구균 보균자에게서 분리된 A군 연쇄상구균의 T단백 분류를 통해 그 역학적 동태를 알고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 3월부터 5월까지 울진, 서울, 오산, 군산의 정상 초등학생 1,192명을 대상으로 하였다. 울진에서는 1996년, 1997년, 1998년 3년동안 배양검사를 시행하였으며, 1996년 오산에서는 같은 초등학교에서 3회에 걸쳐 배양검사를 시행하였다. 대상 아동으로부터 소독된 면봉으로 편도와 인두를 세게 문질러 검체를 획득하여, 면양혈액한천배지에 접종 후 희석하여 37.2도에서 하룻밤 배양 후 얻은 베타용혈균을 Streptex를 이용하여 grouping하였으며, 분리된 A군 연쇄상구균의 T혈청형 분류를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1996년 울진, 서울, 오산, 군산의 1,192명의 초등학생 중 15.0%인 179명에서 A군 연쇄상구균이 배양되었으며, 지역별 보균율은 울진 18.6%, 서울 2.7%, 오산 26.0%, 군산 12.3%였다. 1996년 보균자 179명중 T혈청형 분리율은 52.2%였으며, 지역별로는 울진 68.7%, 서울 83.3%, 오산 24.7%, 군산 83.8%였다. 1996년 지역별로 흔하게 분리된 T혈청형은, 울진에서는 NT, T1, T3순이었고, 서울은 T12, T25, 오산은 NT, T6, T28, 군산은 T25, T4, NT, T5순이었다. 울진의 연도별 보균율은 1996년 16.0%, 1997년 7.1%, 1998년 13.0%였으며, 분리된 T혈청형은 1996년에는 NT, T1, T3, T25순이었고, 1997년 NT, T1, T12, T25 순이었으며, 1998년에는 T12, NT, T4순이었다. 1996년 오산 지역에서 3회에 걸쳐 시행한 배양검사에서, 분리된 T혈청형은 1차에서는 NT가 대부분을 차지하였으나, 2차에서는 T6, T1, T4 순이었고, 2차에서와 같은 대상을 2주간격을 두고 시행한 3차에서는 T8/25, T12, T1순이었다. 같은 학생을 대상으로 2주간격으로 시행한 배양검사에서 1차에서 23명의 소아에서 양성이 나왔으며, 2차에서는 27명에서 양성이 나왔으며, 이중 1, 2차에서 모두 양성이 나온 사람은 16명이었다. 이 16명중 T혈청형이 1, 2차에서 동일하게 나온 사람은 4명(25.0%)이었다. 결 론 : 배양된 균의 세포막 단백질의 분석을 통해 연쇄구균의 혈청학적 타입을 분석 및 이 균과 관련된 역학을 파악하는 것이 궁극적으로 질병을 예방하고 치료할 수 있는 근본이 될 것으로 사료되며, 향후 주기적으로 병원균에 대한 역학적 검사가 시행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine depression in order to identify and improve health care policies promoting health among Korean women. Method: There were 329 participants, all older than 18 years old, and staying in Kyungki-Do, city. The data was collected from July to September 1999. The instrument used for this study was the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) to evaluate depression. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, $\chi$2-test and Multiple logistic Analysis. Result: The result of this study are as follows: 1. Among the participants, 90.6% had normal to mild depression and 9.4% had severe depression. 2. For general characteristics, there were significant difference in the degree of depression according to age(P=0.0001), and marital status(P=0.0001). As for health related characteristics, the depression scores were affected by health perception(P= 0.0001), menopause(P=0.0005), stress (P= 0.0001) and sexual activity(P=0.0001). 3. There was a significant relationship between marital status and stress. Conclusion: This study suggests that a replicate study is needed. The results are also is useful in developing various nursing intervention programs.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2011

Ground-level ozone, an air pollutant that is monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), damages human health by irritating the respiratory system, reducing lung function, damaging lung cells, and aggravating asthma and other chronic conditions. In March 2008, the EPA strengthened ozone standards by lowering acceptable limits from 84 parts per billion to 75 parts per billion. Here epidemiologic data is used to study the effects of ozone regulation on human health and assessed how various regulatory standards for ozone may affect nonaccidental mortality, including respiratory-related deaths during ozone season. The assessment uses statistical methods based on hierarchical Bayesian models to predict the potential effects of the different regulatory standards. It also analyzes the variability of the results and ho they are impacted by different modeling assumptions. We focused on the technical an statistical approach to assessing relationship between new ozone regulations and mortality while other researches have detailed the relationship between ozone and human mortality. We shows a statistical correlation between ozone regulations and mortality, with lower limits of acceptable ozone linked to a decrease in deaths, and projects that mortality is expected to decrease by reducing ozone regulatory standards.