• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2006

Objective : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bee Venom acupuncture therapy on external epicondylitis. Methods : We divided chronic arthritis of ankle patient into 2 groups; one group combined bee venom acupuncture therapy and acupuncture therapy, another group was only acupuncture therapy. To estimate the effectiveness of treatment that applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS). We compared the VAS score of two groups statistically. Results : 1. As a result of evaluation by using visual analog scale(VAS), treatment score at final was marked more higher than score before treatment on each groups. 2. treatment at final, acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture therapy group had significant result on visual analog scale(VAS) compared with acupuncture therapy group. Conclusion : Bee Venom acupuncture therapy can be used with acupuncture therapy for highly effective treatment for external epicondylitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to examine pharmacopuncture treatment for lateral epicondylitis, and to contribute to developing a standardized treatment regimen by reviewing trends in clinical trials. Five randomized controlled trials, 1 case-control study, and 8 cohort studies published after 1999, that involved pharmacopuncture for lateral epicondylitis, were selected from Korean and international online databases (n = 8). The type of pharmacopuncture, dose, frequency, efficacy, and adverse events were analyzed. Seven types of pharmacopuncture were used, namely Bee Venom, Illicium henryi Diels, Akebiae Caulis, Angelicae sinensis Diels, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, Hominis Placenta, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix. Dose, treatment duration, and treatment frequency varied widely. One study assessed the treatment efficacy according to frequency. Nine studies lacked data on adverse events. The quality of 5 randomized controlled trials was low. Although pharmacopuncture treatment appeared to be effective for lateral epicondylitis, it was difficult to standardize the regimen for lateral epicondylitis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.138-144
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• 2014

Lateral epicondylitis is one of the most common causes of elbow pain and has been known to be caused by degeneration of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). Nonoperative treatment should be tried first in all patients, because it has been deemed highly successful; however only few prospective studies suggest that symptoms frequently was completely resolved. Operative treatment is indicated for recalcitrant pain after failed conservative treatment, which involves excision of the pathologic portion of the ECRB and results in a high degree of subjective relief and functional restoration. We will review the pathology of the lateral epicondylitis and operative and nonoperative treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate into the effect of soft tissue mobilization using prop on the pain, grip strength and functional activity in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Methods: Fifteen patients with lateral epicondylitis were recruited. Before treatment, they were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength, test, patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE), proprioception, and were reevaluated after six weeks of treatment. Results: As a result of comparing all participants before and after the experiment, the grip strength increased significantly (p<.05). And the VAS, PRTEE, and proprioception decreased significantly (p<.05). Conclusion: According to the results above, soft tissue mobilization using prop can help improve pain, grip strength, PRTEE and proprioception. Also, soft tissue mobilization using Blackroll's Twister technique was able to select interventions depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

We researched 3 patients diagnosed as Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow). We considered it as tendinosis including irregular collagen fiber's pattern. So, acupuncture therapy and musculotendinous releasing manual therapy were used to treat the patients. We measured their pain and functional disorder by visual analogue scale (VAS), Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE), and a dynamometer before and after treatment. As a result, VAS and PRTEE significantly reduced and grasping power was also improved. Therefore, we conclude that the acupuncture therapy with musculotendinous releasing manual therapy is an effective way to treat Lateral epicondylitis. But there are limits on this study due to insufficient number of cases, absence of control group and absence of follow-up after last treatment. Further studies will be needed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of taping on the pain decrease in patient with medial epicondylitis. Methods : A total of 20 patients participated in this study. Group 1 of 10 subjects performed taping intervention three times a week. Group 2 of 10 subjects only therapeutic modalities for 30 minutes. We analyzed the descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA by SPSS 12.0 for windows. Results : In comparison of VAS between pre and post value, the decrease of pain was significant in the experimental and control group(p<.05). In comparison of the difference of VAS score between the groups was significant difference at (p<.05). Conclusion : Taping techniques helped to lower VAS score in patients with medial epicondylitis. Further tirials, which give attention to these parts, are needed before any firm conclusions may be made.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the deep thermo-conductive acupuncture therapy for the patients with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. Methods : Thirteen patients with lateral epicondylitis were included from April 2011 to December 2012 and all the patients were treated with the deep thermo-conductive acupuncture therapy. Then we checked visual analog scale(VAS) scores of the patients at every hospital visit, and compared the differences for before and after treatment. We also divided them into 3 age groups(in 40s, 50s, 60s) and 4 groups of the duration of illness(~1 week, ~1month, ~6 months, 6 months ~), and compared the effects for 3 age groups as well as 4 groups of duration of illness. Results : 1. VAS scores had been changed significantly from $6.0769{\pm}1.5390$ to $3.3077{\pm}1.9207$(p=0.005). 2. No significant differences were found between 3 age groups(p=0.968) as well as 4 groups of the duration of illness(p=0.724). Conclusions : This study suggests that deep thermo-conductive acupuncture therapy is effective for healing of the lateral epicondylitis of elbow. But the age and the duration of illness seem to have no influence on results.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.22-26
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to estimate the effectiveness of burning acupuncture therapy (Hwachim) and sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture (S-BV pharmacopuncture) in treating lateral epicondylitis of elbow. Methods: We selected 33 patients at first, but 13 patients were excluded due to unclear medical records. Finally, a total of 20 patients who had received treatment from January 2012 to December 2013 were included in this study; all 20 patients had undergone Hwachim for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow, and 19 of the 20 had been treated with S-BV pharmacopuncture (Korea Pharmacopuncture Institute, KPI) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as an ancillary treatment method. The degrees of pain of the 20 patients were evaluated by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at their first and final visits. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the VAS scores statistically. Results: The VAS score had decreased significantly from $10.00{\pm}0.00$ to $4.00{\pm}2.47$ (P = 0.000) by the end of the treatment. No significant changes were observed based on the number of treatments (P = 0.246), the age of the patients (P = 0.810), the duration of the illness (P = 0.705), and the location of the lesion (P = 0.076). Conclusion: This study suggests Hwachim and S-BV pharmacopuncture are very effective for treating lateral epicondylitis of the elbow.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2015

Background: The The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes after the operative treatment of refractory medial epicondylitis between the suture anchor group and the non-suture anchor group. Methods: We enrolled 20 patients (7 men and 13 women) with recalcitrant medial epicondylitis who were able to receive operative treatment in a minimum of an 18-month follow-up. The mean age was 48.6 years (range, 36-59 years). The patients were allocated into either the suture anchor group (7 patients) or the non-suture anchor group (13 patients). We evaluated clinical outcomes using the visual analog scale (VAS), the pain grading system of Nirschl and Pettrone, and postoperative grip strength. Results: The VAS score decreased from 8.8 to 2.0 for the suture anchor group and from 8.6 to 1.3 for the non-suture anchor group (p=0.16). The postoperative grip strength was 95%, 93% of the non-treated arm in both groups (p=0.32). The postoperative satisfaction level was good in 5 patients and fair in 2 for the suture anchor group and excellent in 5 patients, good, in 4, and fair, in 4 for the non-suture anchor group (p=0.43). The clinical outcomes did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: We found that patients with recalcitrant medial epicondylitis were treated reliably with satisfactory clinical outcomes whether or not suture anchors were used. We believe the use of suture anchors when more than 50% of the tendon origin is affected provides an effective and favorable treatment modality.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to report the treatment effects of Korean medicine for patients with lateral epicondylitis. This study was done on 12 cases of patients with lateral epicondylitis who visited in Korean Medicine Clinic of Ganghwa-gun Public Health Care Center. We used muscle contraction/relaxation strengthen technique, Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), acupuncture on patients and mesured numerical rating scale (NRS), pain disability index (PDI), and grip strength test to evaluate treatment effects. Among twelve patients, eleven cases showed decreasing in NRS and all cases showed decreasing in PDI. Ten cases showed increasing in grip strength test. Korean medical treatments including muscle contraction/relaxation strengthen technique and IASTM are thought to be one of the effective treatment for patients with lateral epicondylitis.