• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-62
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• 2004

Any business activities may have impact on environment to a certain extent. Enterprises must find appropriate approaches to measure the impact on these environmental aspects, which can be used as the basis to direct enterprises' efforts to improve the environmental impact. The method used to evaluate significant factors in life cycle assessment standards is the one most commonly used by enterprises in general to measure environmental impact. By this method, the decisive factors of each environmental aspect are given scores according to the preset scoring standard of the organization. The scores are added up for each aspect and ranked to assess major environmental aspects. The drawback of this assessment method, that is, it ignores the degree to which each of these factors affects the environment, results in poor credibility. Therefore, this study attempts to solve some qualitative problems by applying to fuzzy theory, in particular, by identifying appropriate fuzzy numbers through fuzzy sets and membership function. Moreover, the study seeks to obtain a crisp value in the process of defuzzifization in order to make up for the shortfall of the original method in dealing with relative weight of decisive factors and thus increase its applicability and credibility. The department of light production of an electronics company is used as an example in this study to measure environmental aspects by employing both the traditional significant factor method and the fuzzy environmental impact assessment model proposed in this study. Based on verification and comparison of results, the model proposed in this study is more feasible as it reduces partiality in decision-making by taking the relative weights of decisive factors into consideration.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1999

Pig's original image data was transformed to a binary image, an image excluding head and tail portion from the whole binary image, and a projected image associated with pig's height. Then the length of body, width of shoulder, and area of pig were calculated and the relationships among the above characteristics and pig's weight were analyzed. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Whole binary image data was considered to be improper to determine the pig's weight because the movement of pig's head and tail portion affected the image data. 2. Binary image data excluding head and tail portion from the whole binary image showed a better estimation of the pig's weight than the whole binary image. 3. Pig's should width was analyzed to be improper factor to determine the pig's weight. 4. The projected image associated with pig's height showed the highest correlation between the pig's area of the image and pig's weight(R2=0.9965). From this research the projected image associated with pig's height, which is excluding head and tail portion from the whole body of pig's image, was considered to be the prime factor to measure the pig's weight by the noncontact measurement.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

We evaluated the relationship between birth weight and mercury exposure levels in Seoul, Korea, by following a cohort of pregnant women and the outcomes of their pregnancies between 2001-2005. Eighty-five pregnant women were recruited into this study after obtaining informed consent. Samples were collected at delivery from normal pregnant women who were living in the city of Seoul, Korea. Mercury concentrations in 85 sets of maternal and cord blood samples were measured using a gold-amalgam collection method. We used multiple regression analysis to analyze the effect of mercury exposure on birth weight. The mean levels of total mercury concentrations were 5.41(ppb) in maternal blood of pregnant women and 3.58(ppb) in umbilical cord blood. The mean concentration of umbilical cord blood mercury exposures was higher than the level recommended by WHO. There was a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury concentrations. Mercury concentrations of umbilical cord blood was associated with birth weight. In addition, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that mercury exposure may reduce the birth weight. This study suggests that exposure to mercury concentration during pregnancy contributes to the risk of low birth weight. Therefore, prenatal and environmental education for various and possible sources of mercury exposure might be necessary for the good health of babies. The finding of this study supports the construction of national policy for environmental health management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 1999

Characteristics of food garbage discharged from primary schools in Seoul Metropolitan city were analysed from a recycling point of view. The results of study are epitomized as follows : 1. Factors of generation of food garbage are mainly an unbalanced diet habit, indifference of class teachers, and worn-out cooking equipments. 2. Measures of reduction are principally a written message to parents, broadcasting in the school, and instructions. 3. Methods of recycling are mainly feed stuff, composting by school itself, composting on commission, and making feed stuff on commission. 4. Obstacles of food garbage recycling are a nasty smell of composting apparatus, an excessive fuel consumption of composting apparatus, a high concentration of salt, and an unstable demand for feed stuff and compost produced from food garbage. 5. Correlation factors are like follows : the number of feeding children and food garbage weight after cooking is 0.35, total food garbage generated and monthly treatment cost of food garbage is 0.20, individual school lunch expenses and food garbage weight after cooking is -0.10, individual school lunch expenses and food garbage generated per capita is 0.02, and individual school lunch expenses and monthly treatment cost of food garbage is 0.03.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.243-251
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• 2008

Magnesium alloys become popular research topic in last decade due to its light weight and relatively high strength-to-weight ratio in the energy aspiration age. Almost all structure materials are supposed to suspend stress. Magnesium is quite sensitive to corrosive environment, and also sensitive to environmental assisted cracking. However, so far we have the limited knowledge about the environmental sensitive cracking of magnesium alloys. The corrosion fatigue (CF) test was conducted. Many factors' effects, like grain size, texture, heat treatment, loading frequency, stress ratio, strain rate, chemical composition of environment, pH value, relative humidity were investigated. The results showed that all these factors had obvious influence on the crack initiation and propagation. Especially the dependence of CF life on pH value and frequency is quite different to the other traditional structural metallic materials. In order to interpret the results, the electrochemistry tests by polarization dynamic curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted with and without stress. The corrosion of magnesium alloys was also studied by in-situ observation in environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The corrosion rate changed with the wetting time during the initial corrosion process. The pre-charging of hydrogen caused crack initiated at $\beta$ phase, and with the increase of wetting time the crack propagated, implying that hydrogen produced by corrosion reaction participated in the process.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.248-255
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• 2023

Objective: Stress factors such as high temperatures, overcrowding, and diurnal temperature range exert profound negative effects on weight gain and productivity of broiler chickens. The potential of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an excitatory neurotransmitter was evaluated under various stress conditions in this study. Methods: The experiment was conducted under four different environmental conditions: normal, high temperature, overcrowded, and in an overcrowded-diurnal temperature range. The experimental groups were divided into (-) control group without stress, (+) control group with stress, and G50 group (GABA 50 mg/kg) with stress. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured, and stress reduction was evaluated through hematologic analysis. Results: The effects of GABA on broilers in four experimental treatments were evaluated. GABA treated responded to environmental stress and improved productivity in all the experimental treatments. The magnitude of stress observed was highest at high temperature, followed by the overcrowded environment, and was least for the overcrowded-diurnal temperature range. Conclusion: Various stress factors in livestock rearing environment can reduce productivity and increase disease incidence and mortality rate. To address these challenges, GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, was shown to reduce stress caused due to various environmental conditions and improve productivity.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.249-254
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• 2017

This paper presents an assessment system of safety level of 22.9kV grade high voltage electrical facilities considering environmental factors. The assessment system was developed based on the following procedure. Firstly, assessment structure was determined by consulting standards regarding inspection and diagnosis of electrical facilities. Secondly, contents of items and sub items of assessment system were developed. Thirdly, in order to quantify the importance of the assessment system, the weight was calculated using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Lastly, assessment table of safety level was developed including environmental factors such as period of use and load factor. The developed system can evaluate the safety level of high voltage facilities in an objective way. Therefore it can be applicable to electrical safety management system based on Internet of Things(IoT).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.881-887
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• 2011

Feathers are one of the integument appendages that form the outer covering, or plumage, on birds. The goslings hatch with a downy coat of feathers formed in embryonic development. They moult the natal plumage into juvenile feathers between 3-5 weeks of age and than moult that juvenile plumage into adult plumage between 8-11 weeks of age. Feather weight of an adult goose makes up about 6.2% of its total body weight. Heritability of the feather production ability is relatively low ($h^2$ = 0.35). Within species or genotype, the quantity and composition of the plumage are affected by genetics (age, body weight or body surface area, feathering rate, sex) and environmental factors (nutrition and production system, weather, microclimate). After slaughter some 90-220 g marketable feathers can be obtained per goose. The yield of feathers and down from each hand-harvesting amounts to between 80 to 120 g per goose, depending upon the frequency and degree of completeness of the harvesting.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

The paper is to analyze multi-attributes for expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors which have environmental, technical, economic, and social factors consisting of 15 attributes which have both positive and negative impacts. We applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to data from opinion polls. As a result of the AHP survey, the overall results indicate that the respondents more weight on economical factor than environmental, technical, and social factors for expanding new renewable energy. At the lowest level, a comparison of individual 15 attributes within three factors shows that fixed cost highest in multi-attributes, followed by operating cost, technical superiority. To achieve the public acceptance about expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors, the policy-makers should take all relevant factors into account through the decision-making process by the public opinions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.765-772
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• 2017

Objective: This study examines the genetic factors influencing the phenotypes (four economic traits:oleic acid [C18:1], monounsaturated fatty acids, carcass weight, and marbling score) of Hanwoo. Methods: To enhance the accuracy of the genetic analysis, the study proposes a new statistical model that excludes environmental factors. A statistically adjusted, analysis of covariance model of environmental and genetic factors was developed, and estimated environmental effects (covariate effects of age and effects of calving farms) were excluded from the model. Results: The accuracy was compared before and after adjustment. The accuracy of the best single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in C18:1 increased from 60.16% to 74.26%, and that of the two-factor interaction increased from 58.69% to 87.19%. Also, superior SNPs and SNP interactions were identified using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method in Table 1 to 4. Finally, high- and low-risk genotypes were compared based on their mean scores for each trait. Conclusion: The proposed method significantly improved the analysis accuracy and identified superior gene-gene interactions and genotypes for each of the four economic traits of Hanwoo.