• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2007

Livestock agriculture plays an essential role Hongsung's economy. Unfortunately, if manure is manage properly it can contaminate water and pollute the air. The purposes of this study were to provide awareness of environmental impact and to design educational programs with sustainable agriculture. I used the specific steps of processes. First, collecting informations through survey on environmental awareness of livestock farmers in Hongsung-gun and recognizing the tendencies. Second, analyzing on educational status of livestock farmers. Third, finding objectives of environmental educational programs. At the end of processes, establishing programs which concerning on environmental education. I used two research methods to gather and analyze the data for developing an environmental education program. The first one is a general survey among 50 livestock farmers from Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The second one is the in-depth interviews with specialists in environmental education and government officials from the central government - the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry - and the local government - Hongsung-gun who are in charge of livestock farming. I found the following results from this research. First, most livestock farmers replied with 'highly likely' to the five items on the recognition of the necessity of environment preservation, whereas only 38.7% answered with 'likely' to the item on the environmental pollution caused by livestock farming. This shows the tendency that they have less recognition of the reality than necessary. Second, most of the contents among 5 areas(knowledge, recognition, function, attitude, and participation) are the knowledge areas. That results are analyzed training materials for livestock farmers made by Hongsung-gun in 2004 and in 2005 by using goal categories suggested in the Tbilisi Resolution. Third, after analyzing the survey and in-depth interviews, I found that the need for education to recognize the environmental pollution, environmental protection and recycling of the livestock waste. We can summarize conclusions from this research. First, we need on educational program improve the livestock farmers' recognition of importance in environmental protection. Second, it is necessary to develop educational program with the viewpoint that livestock waste is not one of the culprits of the environmental pollution, but a recyclable resource. Third, contents of the environmental education program, should include all the educational elements, namely, knowledge, recognition, attitude, function and participation. The education for livestock farmers requires a research on the environmental education program that can be used with crop farmers who can use the resources recycled from the livestock waste from the viewpoint of recycling resources. This research is focused on the collection and analysis of the basic data for developing an environmental education program and the composition of the program. A further research on the implementation and assessment of this program is required.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to survey primary students' perception of the global and local environmental issues. The subjects were 853 fifth primary students in Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, Anyang, Gimpo and Cheongju. The results were as follows: First, the perception level of the global environmental issues were global warming (M=3.99), drinking-water pollution (M=3.92), acid rain (M=3.77), yellow dust (M=3.66), ozone depletion (M=3.57), deforestation in tropical areas (M=3.52), desertification (M=3.36), biodiversity (M=3.40) and their perception level of local environmental issues were waste disposal (M=3.87), air pollution (M=3.74), bad smell (M=3.70), noise (M=3.61), river pollution (M=3.57), soil pollution (M=3.44). Second, it was shown that the metropolitan students' perception levels of environmental issues were higher than the non-metropolitan students'. There wasn't a significant difference in the perception levels of two scale environmental issues and characteristics for sex (p>.05). Third, the result of analyzing on the effects between characteristics was that the factors like 'environmental interest' and 'impact on personal life' had a strong influence on the 'behavior will' to solve the global environmental issues, and 'environmental interest' and 'personal knowledge' had a strong influence on the 'behavior will' to solve the local environmental issues. Fourth, the result of analyzing on the characteristics according to the types of the environmental issues showed that 'personal knowledge', 'environmental interest' and 'behavior will' were high in the global environmental issues (p<.01) and 'virtual contamination', 'human responsibility' and 'impact on personal life' were high in the local environmental issues (p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.934-942
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• 2010

Bentic macroinvertebrate and fish fauna were investigated from September 2008 to October 2009 in the middle reach of the Suyoung river in Busan. During the survey period benthic macroinvertebrates were collected total 35 species at the three sites (Hanmul-gyo, Dongcheon-gyo, Seokdae Jct.) of Suyoung river. At that sites, species diversity index was 1.9, 1.5, 1.6, dominance index was 0.75, 0.81, 0.86 and Korean Saprobic Index (KSI) was 1.8(B), 4.4(D), 4.4(D) on average, respectively. Dominant species was Caenis Kua, Chironomidae sp., at Hanmul-gyo site and Limnodrilus gotoi, Chironomidae sp., at Dongcheon-gyo and Seokdae Jct. sites. Fish fauna was also investigated at the two sites (Hanmul-gyo and Seokdae Jct.) of Suyoung river. Total caught fishes were 10 species 32 individuals in the first survey and 6 species 26 individuals in the second survey. Dominant species was Carassius auratus in the both surveys. Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) value was C grade at the Hanmul-gyo and D grade at the Seokdae Jct.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.769-779
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• 2017

Nutrient (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) budgets are required under a 'Livestock Excreta Survey'. A nutrient budget is one of the agri-environmental indicators that calculates the difference between the inputs and outputs of the amount of nutrients within a certain boundary and for a certain time period (e.g., 1 year). In this study, a nutrients budget model was developed to effectively determine the surplus of nutrients within a region in Korea. The C# program language was used in order to facilitate the deployment of a graphical user interface (GUI) and to enhance compatibility. Also, the model was developed on Windows OS, which is the commonly used operating system in Korea. The model was based on the OECD/Eurostat nutrient budget method, and it was modified to consider manure composting procedures as well. There are key features of the nutrient budget model, including directly use of the original data sets from various input and output sources, and a collectively exchange of the address in different formats. The model can quickly show the results of various spatial and temporal resolutions with the same data, as well as perform a sensitivity analysis with coefficients and easily compareresults using tables and graphs. Further, it would be necessary to study the extension of the scope of utilization, such as the application of various nutrient budget methods. It would also be helpful to investigate both pre and postprocessing information such as linking input data through online systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

The Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is a five grade assessment map created with nationally integrated environmental information and environmental values. The map is made through the evaluation of 65 items, including greenbelt area and naturalness. Naturalness means original state of nature, and it is one of the most important evaluation items for conserving nature. The criteria of naturalness includes the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) made by MOE. Using the data which has been not updated is a problem of accuracy for ECVAM. Therefore, this study would like to improve the criteria of naturalness. To improve the criteria, the study examined the effectiveness of DGN using field survey. The results of analysis the naturalness without DGN, some area changed grade of naturalness have been already damaged or cleared for agriculture and industrial purposes. The grade of naturalness should be included the concept of vegetation transition like DGN. The study suggested a improved method using vegetation type (natural and planted forest), forest age, and the grade of vegetation conservation. The method was reviewed by experts and field survey. After applying the method in South Korea, the grade of naturalness were distributed evenly like GradeI is 38.87%, GradeII is 37.62%, GradeIII is 23.51%, respectively. From the results of field survey, over 4 grade of forest age in natural forest showed similar pattern of structure and composition in original forests. Therefore, the improved criteria explained the naturalness better than existing criteria, and the accuracy of ECVAM has been improved more.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.27-41
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• 2017

In this study, geomorphological and geological research has been carried out to estimate the possibility of ancient port location near Hwaseong Dangseong. Geomorphological characteristics around Eunsupo were analyzed through comparison of past and present topographic maps and field survey. Grain size, age dating, and geochemical analysis on surface sediments and borehole sediments were performed. Through the geomorphological characteristics analysis, it was interpreted that Eunsupo area was submerged in seawater especially at high tide in the past, and that ships could approach to the inside of the area through the tidal channel which were developed in the area. It is also assumed that ships were anchored at a low elevation point in the area. The paleo-environmental change in the area was analyzed based on the classification of sedimentary environment using grain size distribution of surface and borehole sediments and geochemical analysis. It was confirmed that the geomorphological interpretation for the possibility of ancient port location coincided well with the paleo-environmental change interpreted through sediment analysis. This study is a basic study for estimating ancient port location, and it is expected that more accurate paleo-environmental changes will be restored through detailed geomorphological survey and additional borehole analysis in the future research.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in children and adolescents using the results of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3. Methods: A total of 2,380 subjects (n=571, 887, and 922 for 3-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years of age, respectively) were analyzed using an environmental exposure survey and environmental chemical substances concentration levels. Univariable linear regression analysis was performed to determine associated variables such as sex, age, income level, housing type, secondhand smoke time, cup noodles and canned food consumption, seafood consumption, new furniture (within the previous six months), drinking water type, and consumption of herbal medicines. Variables with p-values of less than 0.2 were extracted from the results and a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed using stepwise selection. Results: Univariable linear regression analysis showed positive associations between BPA concentration levels and variables including sex, age, secondhand smoke time, new furniture (within the previous six months), renovated living space (within the previous six months), fish and shellfish consumption, plastic-bottled drink consumption, and herbal medicine. As a result of performing multivariable linear regression analysis, the lower was the age the higher was the concentration of BPA levels. Additionally, women showed higher BPA levels than those of men. The more frequently fish was consumed, the higher was the BPA concentration. Moreover, higher BPA concentrations were observed when taking herbal medicine. Conclusions: The main factors affecting BPA concentration levels were age, gender, and consumption of fish and herbal medicine.

• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-133
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• 2020

Light is an essential environmental element for elderly people to do various activities. At senior welfare centers, healthy indoor lighting is especially necessary because the facilities are used by the elderly to perform their mostly indoor activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate light environments at senior welfare centers for well-being lighting characteristics. We based the study on the 'Biophilia' theory, a concept related to health from happiness. Thus, this study is mainly based on literary review and survey research. For this, we conducted a location focused field study to identify the current state of the lighting environments at senior welfare centers in Busan, South Korea. First, we constructed structural questionnaire to evaluate lighting environment based on 'Light and Space' biophilia theory. Then, to survey subjective evaluation, the participant of research included total of 122 senior welfare center users. Based on the results of this research, the conclusions are as follows; 1) overall, it seems that the overall result of the light environmental evaluation seems to be high because the evaluated facilities in the case survey in large-scale were recently built elderly welfare centers. 2) most of the healing design elements are focused on the introduction of natural light and psychological influence. The satisfaction with actual natural light is evaluated to be high. Although shadow and reflected light are very important in discrimination and recognition of indoor space and wayfinding, the evaluation of reflected light and shadow was low for the study. 3) items that are related to the functionality of the light were highly evaluated, while the items that are related to the spatiality of the light were rated poorly. This study has its significance when examining the effects of light environments within the welfare center form of the perspective of senior citizens. It can be referenced when reconsidering the recognition of light environment as a major consideration factor to establish a desirable senior welfare center environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.457-469
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• 2020

Objective: This study was designed to estimate the precise nationwide number of those who used humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and experienced specific health effects, including death, due to exposure to HDs in Korea between 1994 and 2011. Methods: A total of 5,000 households (15,472 people) were surveyed by stratifying the sample with a design that is equivalent to nationally approved household systematic sampling and face-to-face interviews from October 16, 2019 to December 30, 2019. Results: The proportion of use of humidifier disinfectants at home was 18.4% (2,844/15,472 people) and the proportion of those who experienced health effects among those who were exposed to HDs was 10.7% (303/2,844 people). Based on these factors, it was estimated that 8.94 million people (95% CI=8.25-9.63 million) were exposed to HDs and 0.95 million people (95% CI=0.87-1.02 million) experienced health effects, which means almost one in five and one in fifty Koreans respectively. The estimated number of deaths from HDs were 20,366 people (95% CI=18,801-21,931). Conclusion: The survey was large and analyzed a representative sample across the country, so this estimation of the nationwide population exposed and at risk to HDs is more accurate and reliable than previous studies. However, it is necessary to confirm whether results similar to those of this study can be reproduced through a survey using a cross-sectional survey at the national level. In particular, a survey focused on death cases is needed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.31
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2016

Objectives A stable follow-up participation rate is a very important factor for validity in a cohort study. This study analyzed the factors that affect the participation rate at one hospital-based birth cohort in South Korean. Methods The participants were recruited from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health study between 2006 and 2010. The analysis targeted 1751 mothers who participated in a birth cohort. We conducted analyses of general characteristics during pregnancy and those of infants at birth that affect the participation rate of the 6-month follow-up survey. Results The participation rate for the 6-month follow-up survey was 60.4%. The participation rate in the follow-up of the subsequent period decreased within a 5% to 10% range compared to the number of subjects. The participation rate of premature infants was 16.9% lower than that of a full-term infant (52.6% vs. 69.5%). Analysis showed a 16.7% difference between the participation rate of low-birthweight infants in follow-ups (53.7%) and the participation rate of infants with normal weight (70.4%). The participation rate of mothers who were employed during pregnancy was significantly lower for the 6-month follow-up compared to the participation rate of mothers who were unemployed during pregnancy. Conclusions In this study, factors such as premature birth, low-birthweight, and the employment status of the mother during pregnancy affected the participation rate of the follow-up survey for the birth cohort at six months. A specific strategy is needed to encourage survey participation for the high risk groups in the follow-ups.