• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

Most developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and the associated growth of industry and services. Cities are currently absorbing two-thirds of the total population in the developing world. Korea has about 85 percent of urban dwellers. World population will shift from being predominantly rural to predominantly urban around the turn of the century. Although cities play a key role in development process and make more than a proportionate contribution to national economic growth, especially cities are also the main catalysts of economic growth in developing countries, they can also be unhealthy, inefficient, and inequitable places to live. Most developing countries are increasingly unable to provide basic environmental infrastructure and services, whether in the megacities or in secondary urban centers. Of particular concern is the strain on natural resources brought by the increasing number of people, cars, and factories. They are generating ever greater amounts of urban wastes and emissions. They also exceed the capacity of regulatory authorities to control them and of nature to assimilate them. The environmental consequences are translated into direct negative impacts on human health, the quality of life, the productivity of the city, and the surrounding ecosystems. Environmental degradation threatens the long tenn availability and quality of natural resources critical to economic growth. Cities, with their higher and growing per capita energy use for domestic, industrial, and transport purpose also contribute a disproportionate share of the emission leading to global warming and acid rain. An important priority is to develop strategic approaches for managing the urban environment. The design of appropriate and lasting strategic responses requires first an understanding of the underlying causes of urban environmental deterioration, it is necessary that longer tenn objectives should be set for urban area to avoid irreversible ecological damage and to ensure lasting economic development. As a means to the preventive policies against the adverse effect, environmental impact assessment (EIA) serve to identify a project's possible environmental consequences early enough to allow their being taken into consideration in the decision making process for urban planning. This paper describes some considerations of EIA for urban planning-scoping, assessment process, measurement and prediction of impacts, pollution controls and supervision, and system planning for environmental preservation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.881-890
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• 2011

In this study, thermal environment changes for a marathon course of IAAF World Championship, Daegu 2011 were modeled to provide improvements of thermal environment, so that runners could have the maximum condition and citizens pleasant streets. The three biggest size of intersections were selected for the study. Envi-met, 3G microclimate model, were used for a thermal environment analysis and three different cases - present status, planting roadside tree scenario, and roof-garden scenario - were compared. The followings are the results of the study. 1. The highest thermal distribution were shown at 1 p.m., but there was no significant difference between a thermal distribution at 1 p.m. and that at 5 p.m. since a heat flux from buildings affects thermal distributions rather than insolation does. 2. Tree planting or adding environmental friendly factors might lead a temperature drop effect, but the effect was not significant for areas covered with impermeability packing materials such as concrete or asphalt (especally, for Site case 2) 3. The combination of tree planting and adding environmental friendly factors also brought a temperature drop effect (Site 1 and 2) and this case showed even better result if green spaces (especially, parks) were closed.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 1999

Annual production and redistribution of leaf litter were compared among three distinct understory patches in a temperate hardwood forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Kalopanax pictus, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, and Carpinus cordata. Two patches were located on a southwest-facing slope: one with an understory dominated by herbaceous plants (Patch S), and the other covered with evergreen dwarf bamboo, Sasa borealis (patch SS). The third patch was on the opposite slope with an understory dominated by herbaceous plants (Patch N). Annual leaf litterfall was averaged 330 g m$^{-2} yr$^{-2}$ in the three patches from 1994 to 1998. From mid-September 1996 to mid-September 1997, net transport of leaf litter over patch bound-aries was 1,824g m$^{-1}$ from Patch S to SS, 1,465g m$^{-1}$ from Patch S to N, and 886 g m$^{-1}$ from Patch SS to N. The amounts moving downslope out of Patch S, SS, and N were 2,548, 471, and 588g m$^{-1}$, respectively. When a mass balance approach was employed for the data of leaf litter transport, the results were relatively consistent with 216, 631, and 724g m$^{-2}$ of leaf litter stores in Patch S, SS, and N, respectively, in April 1997. This study suggests that leaf litter redistribution is largely regulated by aspect and understory type and exerts a significant effect on carbon processes in the forest ecosystem.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-59
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• 1997

In this study, for the effective environmental investigation at the level of planning, environmental assessment model to be integrated with urban comprehensive plans was developed. This model was applied to the Suwon City urban comprehensive plan and was tested to derive the future application program and the adaptability to the current research issues. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, we defined basic items for environmental assessment as to be used in the developed SEA model. We also defined three ranges and twelve items for the environmental assessments, which can be used in the assessment of the urban comprehensive plan through the expert advices. Second, we performed the case study by applying the developed SEA model to the Suwon City urban comprehensive assessment, and investigated the environmental impacts through an expert inquiry at the "phase 5" of the model. The results of the case study showed that Suwon City urban comprehensive plan contained partially discrepancies at the goal of the planning. The spatial strategy for leisure, park and open space, and green belt was analysed not to be effective in energy use. The case study also indicated that the environments of Suwon City are expected to be much worse in each sectional plan, if the City was to implement the present five sectional plans for life boundary and distribution of population, land use plan, transportation plan, industrial development plan, and life environmental plan. Third, according to the result of the case study, an mitigation plan for urban comprehensive plan of Suwon City was proposed as the following four stages; modification of planning goal, modification of site alternatives, modification of planning contents, and proposal of mitigation measures.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 1998

Rural Environmental Planning (REP) is a method used by citizens in small towns and rural areas to plan their own future. REP assumes that the primary social value of rural people is to enhance a community's longterm viability by respecting the carrying capacity of the natural environment. REP derives its strength from the direct participation of those people affected by a plan. They determine its goals, shape its content, and implement its components. And both the rural environmental planner and the citizens involved in planning in their community must have a working knowledge of the legal framework of planning. In the results, REP reduces the cost of planning by drawing public agencies, not-for-profit organizations, volunteers from the private sector, and all vital resources available to rural people when they plan for their future.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate environment-friendly planning feature in Environment-friendly Certificated apartments and to use the basic planning data of housing. Seven Environment-friendly Certificated apartments have been analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows: Environment-friendly planning features are categorized into 4 items; floor planning feature, material planning feature, universal planning feature and environmental planning feature. Among floor planning features, natural sunlight, built-in closets, and differentiated floor plans are well considered, but the flexible floor plan for resident's lifestyle and green space are lack. Among material planning features, environment-friendly finishing materials, environment-friendly products and energy-efficient double-pane windows are well considered, but implementation for resource savings using recycled materials are lack. Among universal design planning features, removal of threshold and installation of safety device in bathroom are not well considered. Among environmental planning features, usage of alternative energy like solar energy are not applied. The environment-friendly planning features in interior space should be introduced in diverse ways.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

Since planning of green-network is deeply being discussed, natural environmental disruption from an enlarged civilization is causing serious problems for urban communities. The purpose of this research is to support green-network infrastructure of Gangnam-gu, Seoul, considering ecological environmental planning for urban parks. The Methodologies for this study are landcover classification, NDVI and subjective analysis, and residents' survey. Findings of this research are as follows : 1) Based on the results, the area adjacent to Daemo mountain shows significant differences between 1985 and 1999. These results imply that the green space has been decreasing and deeply destroying. 2) Residents' survey shows that people want to live with wild animals and plants in the natural park. Future development planning of urban park should consider primary factors : ecosystem, increasing inhabitants' participation.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2004년도 Sharing Experience of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment and Management in Asia/Pacific Region
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• pp.62-62
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• 2004

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 추계심포지움 및 학술발표회:환경오염의 생체지표를 이용한 위해성 평가의 최근 기법
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• pp.87-87
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• 2001

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 추계심포지움 및 학술발표회:환경오염의 생체지표를 이용한 위해성 평가의 최근 기법
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• pp.88-88
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• 2001