• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.60-72
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• 2022

The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) score is gaining recognition as important nonfinancial investment criteria. With climate change emerging as a global issue, energy companies must pay attention to the ESG impact on corporate performance. In this study, the ESG impact on the performance of energy companies was analyzed based on 23 companies selected from the S&P 500. The panel corrected standard error methodology was used. The Refinitiv ESG score was the independent variable, and financial performance metrics, such as Tobin's Q, return on assets, and return on equity, were the dependent variables. It was found that the ESG score is positively associated with long-term corporate value but not with short-term profitability in the electricity utility industry. Among the subcategories of ESG, the environmental and social scores also showed positive correlations with long-term corporate value. A direct incentive policy is recommended that can offset expenses for ESG activities to reduce carbon emission in the energy sector.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons is used to determine the performance of individual laboratories. In order to verify the quality of acute toxicity testing with Daphnia magna, National Institute of Environmental Research in South Korea is regularly organizing interlaboratory comparisons to estimate the analytical accuracy of different laboratories. Total 58 laboratories located in South Korea took part in interlaboratory proficiency testing scheme with three proficiency testing samples. TU(Toxic Unit) values of each laboratory were determined and robust z-score was calculated in order to evaluate the proficiency levels. Based on the robust z-score classification, 74% of the participant laboratories showed a satisfactory performance (43 laboratories). The main reason of 'unsatisfactory' performance seemed to be considered that the unsuitable management of test organism incubation system and the lack of experience on the identification of the test organism condition by effect of toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

In this study, remodeling projects are perceived as a sustainable urban management policy to boost the value of old apartments and stimulate urban regeneration and development. To evaluate the physical environmental performance of external spaces of remodeled apartments, an evaluation model was developed. After applying it to the target places, the following results were obtained. First, analysis of the external space change index of the target apartments revealed that institutional standards are necessary in line with the building arrangement type, parking lot expansion method, and changes in the building-to-land ratio. Second, the score ratio as to the external space change index performance is as follows: safety (48.30); pleasantness (25.90); convenience (18.90); eco-friendliness (14.90). In other words, "safety" had the biggest score ratio. Third, to boost the external space performance of remodeled apartments, the needs of residents and neighboring environmental plans should be considered from a communality standpoint.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.31-43
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• 2018

Purpose - We examine how a Korean retail firm's social responsibility is related to its financial performances. The traditional view of corporation expects a negative relationship, while the stakeholder theory expects a positive one. Research design, data, and methodology - We adopt the ESG score, published by Korean Corporate Governance Service to measure the level of socially responsible activity for the Korean retail firms. The ordinary least square method is adopted to investigate this relationship. The publicly traded retail firms are examined from 2011 to 2016. Results - We find that the total ESG score is negatively related to ROE but shows no statistically significant relationship with ROA and Tobin's Q value. However, a firm's environmental score is negatively related with both of ROE and ROA. Its social score is no conclusive relationship with the performance measures. The governance score is negatively related to the value of Tobin's Q. Conclusions - This paper generally supports the traditional view of corporate theory, especially in terms of ROE. This evidence is not well aligned with the existing study for Korean corporations generally documenting positive relationships. We find almost no empirical evidence supporting the stakeholder theory of corporation in the Korean retail industry.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.205-221
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• 2007

Purpose: This research was to investigate the level of importance and performance of daily-activity and environment management related to workplace health promotion and knowledge and opinion of law and regulation related to workplace health promotion. Methods: The subjects were 218 occupational nurses all over the country. Questionnaires were made by the researcher. Data were collected from September 18 to October 20, 2006 and analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: Prevention of accident and emergency treatment got the highest score in the awareness of importance. Regular check-up got the highest score in performance level. Providing and wearing of the personal protective equipments got the highest score both importance and performance level. In occupational nurses' knowledge about law and regulation, ratio of correct answer was 55 percentages that was low intellectual level. The mandatory employment of occupational health nurse or occupational nurse in 50 - 500 person workplaces got the highest score in revision opinion of law and regulations. Conclusion: Result of these studies will provide baseline data for selecting the order of priority according to awareness of importance of daily-activity, environmental management and law and regulation in the occupational health promotion and operating health promotion program.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out week and strong aspects in LEED categories based on achieved scores earned by LEED-HC(Healthcare) v.2009. Methods: The LEED-HC scorecards of 88 healthcare projects are analyzed. The analysis are focused on relationship between achieved scores, LEED categories and achieved levels. This relationship was presented by graphs and charts. Results: 1) Compare to LEED-NC, in LEED-HC, sub-categories related to public health are added. The scores are added in Energy Atmosphere and Indoor Environmental Quality. 2) Achieve scores in Sustainable Site are high and one in Energy Atmosphere and Indoor Environmental Quality are low at all levels. 3) Scores which was lost in Energy Atmosphere are recovered in Material Resource and Sustainable Site in order to keep its level. 4) Since most of scores in Energy Atmosphere are under EAc1 Optimize energy performance sub-categories, it is important to achieve more score in Optimize Energy Performance Sub-Categories to gain a higher level. Even if LEED-HC has more score in Energy Atmosphere, this is a hard to achieve scores in that categories. It is important to review Energy Atmosphere categories and its points for improvement. Implications: This study will provide basic database in order to establish Korean green building rating system for hospital.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.863-877
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• 2021

While there a growing interest in Voluntary Carbon Disclosure (VCD), comparatively little is discussed whether the improved quality of voluntary carbon disclosure can lead to subsequent changes in a company's carbon reduction performance. Drawing on companies under the Korean Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) with the contents analysis of their sustainable reports, the present research seeks to address the existing knowledge gaps in the current literature on environmental disclosure. Findings empirically show that an increase in the voluntary carbon disclosure score is positively transformed into changes in carbon performance and further develop that the effect of voluntary carbon disclosure on carbon performance varies depending on changes in management capability with the moderation effect.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

The capital city of Himalayan Country Nepal, Kathmandu Valley is surrounded by consecutive high mountains, which limits the air distribution and mixing effects significantly. It in turn generates steady air flow pattern over a year except in monsoon season. The air shed in the Valley is easily trapped by the surrounded mountains and the inversion layer formulated as the cap. The $PM_{10}$ concentration was noticeably higher than the standard level (120 ${\mu}g/m^3$) in urban and suburban area of Kathmandu valley for all seasons except monsoon period. The Valley area experiences similar wind patterns (W, WWS, and S) for a year but the Easterly wind prevails only during the monsoon period. There was low and calm wind blows during the winter season. Because of this air flow structure, the air emission from various sources is accumulated within the valley air, high level of air pollution is frequently recorded with other air polluted cities over the world. In this Valley area, brick kilns are recognized as the major air pollution source followed by vehicles. Mostly Bull Trench Kiln (BKT), Hoffman Kiln and Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) are in operation for brick firing in Kathmandu valley where the fuels such as crushed coal, saw dust, and natural gas are used for processing bricks in this study. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) was used for screening and quantifying the potential impacts of air emission from firing fuels. The total Environmental Performance Score (EPS) was estimated and the EPS of coal was approximately 2.5 times higher than those of natural gas and saw dust. It is concluded that the crushed coal has more negative impact to the environment and human health than other fuel sources. Concerning the human health and environment point of view, alternative environment friendly firing fuel need to be used for brick industry in the kiln and the air pollution control devices also need to be applied for minimizing the air emissions from the kilns.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-59
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• 2018

Since the statistical significance levels of each F value (2.90 and 3.55) for positive expressiveness (PE) and negative expressiveness (NE) are all p<.01, it is found that there is a significant difference of PE and NE by science score. But, since the significant value of F value (1.725) for impulse strength (IS) is .095 (p>.05), it can be seen that there is no significant difference in IS by science score. The higher the science score, the larger the PE values and the lower the NE values. However, even if the science score increases, the IS values do not show a trend in a certain direction.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

Purpose - In Korea, general super markets have a great impact on the market performance of traditional markets. We propose a modified two stage DEA model for evaluating the performance of traditional markets in Incheon, Korea by identifying the influence of external environmental factors including the presence of general super markets as non-discretionary variables in DEA. Research design, data, and methodology - After obtaining bias-corrected estimates of original DEA efficiency scores using the input and output data of 49 traditional markets, we regress them on several external environmental factors by bootstrap-truncated regression. Results - We obtain bias-corrected efficiency scores from the original DEA efficiency scores by bootstrap and among the five environmental factors, the residential population and the presence of general super markets or SSMs can be considered as the driving forces influencing bias-corrected efficiency scores, positively and negatively, respectively. Conclusions - When DEA efficiency scores tend to be overestimated, we need to use a biased-corrected efficiency score by bootstrap. It is important to note that the efficiency of traditional markets can be largely influenced by external environmental factors such as the presence of general super markets or SSMs that traditional markets can not control. Therefore, it is desirable to consider such environmental factors appropriately for a reasonable performance evaluation.