• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2003

Multifunctionality of agriculture which cannot be in trade has internationally an important issue due to its environmental and public benefits. The purpose of this study was to estimate economic value of upland farming in cooling effect during hot summer. Economic value of cooling effect was evaluated by the replacement cost method. To evaluate the cooling effect from July through August, the amount of evapotranspiration in upland was estimated using crop coefficients and soil water coefficients perviously reported by several researchers. In July and August, average crop coefficient of fourteen major upland crops was 1.19 and average soil water coefficient of major textures of upland soil was 0.91. The estimated evapotranspiration in upland from July through August was $1,224{\times}10^6Mg$, and this amount of evapotranspiration can consume $7.1{\times}10^{14}kcal$ of heat. When these values were converted to the price of petroleum, the economic value of cooling effect by upland farming from July through August was about 12 trillion won.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

With the issue of a Green IT Technology, studies on a environment-friendly luminous source that can reduce Carbon discharge and increase energy efficiency are actively progressed all over the world. Especially, with the problems of high oil price and environmental pollution, LED has made a great attention as a new luminous source that can replace the existing incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lights. In this paper, the proposed streetlight system becomes more intellectual by combining the low power consuming, high efficient, and high luminous LED module with a complex sensor module with temperature, humidity, illumination and motion sensors. Then, we design and implement the Ad-Hoc based LED-IT-Sensor integrated streetlight system that can maximize the energy savings efficiently with central monitoring system and selective remote dimming control by connecting them to the wireless ubiquitous sensor network(USN) using a Zigbee module.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2009

A numerical analysis of reactive flow in a liftoff flame is accomplished to elucidate the characteristics of liftoff flame. To verify reliance of numerical calculation, the liftoff heights of liftoff flame for various fuel exit velocities are compared between the existing experimental research results and the present calculation results. The flame propagation velocity is conducted at the flow redirection point which is on a stoichiometric line ahead of flame front. This point was selected constant distance from triple point regardless of fuel exit velocity at the previous research. This causes considerable errors for the flame propagation velocity and scalar dissipation rate. The main issue of the present research is to establish the resonable method to select the redirection point and so that to clarify the relationship between flame propagation velocity and scalar dissipation rate, which is the core properties in a triple flame stability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2005

Reliability of electric power supply by power system becomes major issue as the electric power industry is recently being regulated. Also a change of environmental condition related to power supply reliability should be considered in the view of power supplier since the competition between energy-industries is strengthen. In other words, because customers may choose other energy source instead of electric power due to an expensive energy charge, enhancing recklessly the reliability of power supply might not be an essential strategy. So to effectively cope with this problem, it is necessary to perceive the reaction of customers against power supply reliability and interruption cost. This paper evaluates the annual interruption costs of customers by regional groups in Korea using a macro approach to cope with these internal and external environment. That is, the each ratio of customer's interruption costs to price of electric power charge is evaluated for public, service, agricultural, fishery, mining, manufactural, and residential consumption by every cities and provinces.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5D
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• pp.719-726
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• 2011

The government intensifies screening criteria for the guarantee of reasonable bidding price and the prevention of low bidding price, however, the low tender rate still becomes an issue. This study analyzed the problems of screening criteria for the guarantee of reasonable bidding price, and then derived some major issues such as the restriction of decisive factors for initial construction cost, the rate of activities over five percent of surveyed price and the restrictive review criteria of inadequate activities. To solve thess problems, this study suggests an improved process model for estimating optimal bidding rate that can select a contractor with the guarantee of reasonable bidding price.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1077-1086
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• 2013

Recent huge losses of both life and property have occurred by unexpected natural disasters. We studied snow damages, an important natural disaster issue because it happens more frequently in recent years. This study tries to select vulnerable areas of snowfall in advance and then establish climate change adaptation policy for minimizing unexpected snowfall damage. Busan, where is our study area, has hilly in downtown areas so that topography characteristics of the roads such as slope, elevation and aspect are vulnerable to snowfall. The sudden snowfall in Busan causes traffic jam and causes some schools in hilly to close some schools. At this moment, the adaptation policy has to be established for infrastructure (such as roads) in advance, because prediction of anomaly climate due to global warming is so difficult beside the damage of natural disaster is huge. Therefore, the purpose of this study is contribute to selecting and assessing vulnerable zones of snow damage focusing topography characteristics of the roads and then evaluating the degree of risk of vulnerable zones.

• Architectural research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

In order to examine theoretical underpinnings of preference for built forms, 129 subjects are asked to rate a series of 9 slides of residential houses depicting a wide range of architectural styles on a 5 point scale, for coherence, complexity, excitement, familiarity, and natural harmony, respectively. Based on Lee's (2002a, 2002b) two previous studies addressing the issue of aesthetic beauty evaluation for man-made creatures (e.g., residential housing scenes), this study summarizes several meaningful findings. As reported by all the subjects, first, both "desire to visit" and "desire to live in" turned out to be a good predictor of preference as the two measures are highly correlated in statistically significant levels (99.9%). People who desire to visit a spot are more likely to desire to live in it. Second, Pearson's correlations showed that coherence is the opposite end of complexity. The more likely a housing setting is hanging together, the less likely it looks to be complex. Overall, though, it is not clear that the two variables work directly in that way, as weighted on preference ratings. That is, coherence and complexity are likely to be totally two independent systems that affect the ratings of preference. Third, both excitement and environmental sensitivity (e.g., harmony of a house with its surrounding nature) most highly account for the preference for various housing scenes, while familiarity has only a little effect on preference ratings. Possibly, people like or dislike a visual thing, no matter how much they are familiar with it. Finally, this study suggested that design professionals could communicate effectively with their clients if sets of visual standards as an appropriate communication tool for better design are properly established.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

It is a global trend to give attention to generating precise 3D navigation maps since eco-friendly vehicles have become a critical issue due to environmental protection and depletion of fossil fuels. To date, Mobile Mapping System (MMS) has been a efficient method to acquire the data for generating the 3D navigation maps. To achieve this goal so far in the Mobile Mapping System using the data acquisition method has been proposed to be most effective. For this study the basic RTF filter algorithm was applied to modify to fit MMS quantitative analysis derived floor 99.71%, 99.95% of the highly non-producers to maintain accuracy and high-precision 3D road could create DEM. In addition, the roads that exist within the cars, roadside tree, road cars, such as the median strips have been removed to shields it takes to get results effectively, and effective in practical applications and can be expected to improve operational efficiency is considered.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2015

IMO to issue some restricted maritime legislation for reducing the adverse environmental impacts arising from such ship exhaust emissions. According to the IMO policy, every ship entering the Baltic SECAs has to equip the gas cleaning scrubber. The discharged waste solution by gas cleaning scrubber contains many types of salts, which to recover some valuable materials before disposal. This study try to achieve valuable salts including AN and AS throughout a few process such as selective organic solvents salting out, low temperature extraction and thermal evaporation. Amongst them, Thermal evaporation with repetition extraction using inorganic solvent was the most optimum to purify the extracted AN. This valuable salt was evaluated by Elemental analysis and Differential scanning calorimetry.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.197-199
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• 2012

According to the IPCC climate change scenario (A1B scenario), the surface seawater temperature of the South Sea of Korea by 2100 may be $2-3.5^{\circ}C$ higher than at present, and seawater pH may decrease from 8.1 to 7.8, due to the increase in atmospheric $CO_2$, which is predicted to increase in concentration from 380 to 750 ppm. These changes may not only intensify the strength of typhoons/storm surges but also affect the function and structure the marine ecosystem. In order to assess the impact of climate change on the marine ecosystem in Korean waters, the project named the 'Assessment of the impact of climate change on marine ecosystem in the South Sea of Korea' has been supported by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, from 2008. The goal of this project is to enhance our ability to adapt and prepare for the future environmental changes through the reliable predictions based on the knowledge obtained from projects like this. In this respect, this project is being conducted to investigate the effects of climate/marine environment changes (ocean warming and acidification), and to predict future changes of the structure and function of the ecosystem in the South Sea of Korea. This special issue contains 6 research articles, which are the highlights of the studies carried out through this project.