• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.412-417
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• 2018

Agroforestry is emerged as climate smart agriculture system and known to help in maintaining soil nutrient sustainability but its rate of expansion is still not appreciable. The present paper incorporates the different species under various agroforestry practices its density, growth and growing stock. The most dominated agroforestry practices in Bilaspur district identified as boundary tree based agri- silviculture (32%) followed with inside field tree based agri-silviculture (21%). Agri-horti-silvicultural system found merely in 5% farmer's field while silvo-pastoral practice in 8% fields. The result depicts that the most prevailing agroforestry tree species in non-forest area of Bilaspur comprises Acacia nilotica 36%, Butea monosperma 22%, Albizia spp 16%, Terminalia arjuna 7%, Azadirachta indica 3.5% and other species 15.5%. More than 90% farmer allows tree species growing naturally in their fields mainly for fuel wood, timber and as source of additional income as these species need not require special attention and care, while only 5% farmer's has adopted Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo etc commercially for higher future return. The paper also discusses the constraints on agroforestry for enabling development of agroforestry in future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.385-397
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• 2006

A high prevalence of farmer's work-related musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) have been reported in precedent studies. To offer the basic data for reducing the melon farmer's MSDs, a questionnaire survey about MSDs symptoms and work loaded body part and video analysis by 3 checklist(REBA, RULA, OWAS) for musculoskeletal risk assessment were carried. 94 melon farmers for this questionnaire and 1 typical farm for risk assessment were participated. A total of 80.9% of the farmers reported musculoskeletal symptoms and 60.6% reported musculoskeletal symptoms over NIOSH standard. The mainly symptom body part is low back, knee and shoulders. Main risk factors in melon farm are awkward postures, heavey/frequent lifting and repetitive hand/arm motions. The high risk tasks induced by video analysis were harvesting, removing the sprouts and covering with rags. These result can be used practically for planning intervention strategy and programs to prevent farmer's MSDs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 1999

A set of surveys was performed at Chungchongbuk-Do in 1997 in order to analyze energy related in rice production. Four cases in rice farming were surveyed : traditional farming, no chemical farming, duck farming, mud snail farming. The farmer in traditional fanning has used chemical fertilizers and chemicals such as general farmers. The farmer in no chemical farming has used chemical fertilizers and manure but has not use chemicals. The farmer in duck farming has not used chemical fertilizers and chemicals but brought up duck in paddy. The farmer in mud snail has not used chemical fertilizers and chemicals but brought up mud snail in paddy. The animals n paddy as like duck and mud snail not only eat weeds and insect but also input fertile material by excretion. The results of energy analysis are as follows 1. In view of energy, the duck farming was the most efficient of four cases. The mud snail farming was less efficient than the duck farming, the traditional farming was less efficient than the mud snail farming, the na chemical farming was less efiicierrt than the traditional farming. 2. Relatively to amount of product, non renewable energy was used more in traditional farming than other cases and renewable energy was used more in no chemical farming than other cases. 3. The reason of low energy efficiency in the no chemical farming was to input fertilizers and manure so much. So to input nutrients excessively in order not to use chemicals can make rice farming to be inefficient in a view of energy. 4. The farming to bring up animals in paddy was more sustainable than other cases because input of non renewable energy could be decreased. But in order to make it to be more sustainable, should be developed cultivation method to decrease input of non renewable direct energy such as fossil fuel and electricity .

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-66
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• 1996

In Korea there is still no basic standard for organic agriculture and organic farmers in Korea do not follow the minimum requirements of IFOAM basic standard Most of them just practice the organic agriculture applying organic fertilizer, commercial seed without legume, rotation and green manure. But they believe this system is a absolutely environmental friendly agricultural system and it produce a safe agricultural product since they are not aware of the basic standard of organic agriculture at all. The overuse of organic fertilizer by some organic farmer have caused some severe problems risk for nitrate and phosphate leaching. In soil profile showed the potential risk for nitrate and phosphate leaching. In the paper, it is discussed on the environmental friendly function and the safe vegetable production by european organic agriculture which keeps the internationally recognized basic standards of organic agriculture. Therefore it is strongly recommended that korean organic farmer have to follow the IFOAM it is strongly in order to practice the environmental agriculture and produce the safe food. And it is also necessary to introduce to Korea the basic standard of organic agriculture which coincides with IFOAM's and Codex of FAO/WHO immediately if they really want to practice an organic agriculture in the country.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2007

For developing standard method for diease, pest and weed control in environmental friendly 'Ssam' vegetable cultivation, this study was carried out to investigating agriculture material use in organic agriculture and no pesticide cultivation for lettuce, kale, leafy perilla and korean cabbage. The 28.6% of investigated farmer carried out seed sterilization by seed selection with salt solution and soaking in chitosan that not validated. For raising seedling periods, the 55.6% of farmer did not use environmental-friendly agriculture material for, diease control and the 50% of farmer used one time for. pest control. Therefore, the control of disease and pest could be achieved with one or two times use of environmental-friendly agriculture material. Seed sterilization was carried out by soil solar sterilization, one time per year in 71.4% of farmer. Weed was controled by black PE film for weed germination of furrow in many farmer, by man-power weeding for weed of ridge in 85% of farmer and by machine weeding and mulching in some farmer. During cultivation period, the major pest were Aphis gossypii in lettuce, Plutella xylostella in kale, Plutella xylostella and Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) in korean cabbage and Pyrausta panopealis (Walke) in feat perilla. The many farmers used environ-mental-friendly agriculture material for control of pest over 10 times for spring season, and more used sold materials in market than home-made materials. In result, it needs to develop standardized method and validate cultivation methods for control of disease and pest, and seed sterilization treatment environmental-friendly 'Ssam' vegetable.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.196-200
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• 2021

In May to July 2019, ovate-leaf atractylodes seedling and plant with Damping-off symptoms were observed in farmer field at Sangju and Mungyeong, Korea. Seven fungal isolates have been retrieved from diseased root tissue and identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 based on morphological and molecular characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on damping-off of ovate-leaf atractylodes caused by R. solani AG-5 in South Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

In order to analyze key parameters of important radionuclides in dose evaluation model of decommissioning site, a sensitivity analysis was performed. This analysis assumed a resident farmer for an exposure scenario and 0.037Bq/g for the concentration of radionuclides. As a result of sensitivity analysis, the key parameters of radionuclides considered were the area of contaminated zone, external gamma shielding factor and indoor time fraction for Cs-137 and Co-60. The key parameters for C-14 were the environmental parameters and hydrological parameters of unsaturated zone. Also, the key parameter for Sr-90 was the density of contaminated zone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

Both internally and externally environmental changes surround the rural areas such as rapid growth of the early-retired employee under the WTO, the Asian financial crisis in 1997, and the financial crisis in 2007 brought about much transformation in our rural residential environment. According to this changes and demands, the rural areas have been transformed from the area for farmer to the area for farmer and non farmer, that is, peoples that to leave the city to go back to farm or return to home village. Of this time, there needs a change in rural development policies which can make the urban residents migrate and settle in the rural areas as they are naturally embracing the rural life according to the social background and demand. In this point of view, we attempted, in this paper, to survey and analyze the changing trends of residential environment following the spatial composition with house types and rural villages in rural areas. The result of this study will be expected to be a reference for the direction of desirable residential environment in rural areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2021

Due to the effects of climate change and the reduction of the labor force due to COVID-19, the crop yield, harvest time, and cultivated area are rapidly changing every year. In order to respond flexibly to this situation, attempts to apply smart farm technology based on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to individual farms are increasing. On the other hand, various stakeholders are trying to predict the yield of crops using artificial intelligence and IoT technology, but accurate prediction is difficult due to the lack of learning data. In this study, in order to overcome the data collection problem limited to a specific institution, a smart farmer service technology based on community mapping was developed in which farmers directly participate, input and share accurate data to predict production. In the process, analysis was performed on napa cabbage, which is a vegetable with a large price change compared to production.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.121-123
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• 2003

The registration of a pesticide for use in the gardens or a farmer's field requires assessment of the potential negative effects of that pesticide on human health. To anticipate how a pesticide might impact human health, laboratory animals such as mice and rats are exposed to varying dosages in their foods -from very minimal to extremely high levels. Toxicologists then evaluate the observable effect(s) of consuming known quantities of that specific pesticide on acute, subchronic, chronic, mutational, reproduction and neurological effects. Information gained from such test is evaluated by toxicologists and medical experts to determine potential human effects