• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL & GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT
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• pp.193-194
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• 2005

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.563-570
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• 2013

Roughness coefficient was computed for review of applicability based on measurement of the representative grain diameter reflecting channel characteristics of Han Stream. After field survey, collection of bed material, and grain analysis on the collected bed material, roughness coefficient was computed using representative grain and existing empirical equation for roughness coefficient. Value of roughness coefficient calculated using equation by Meyer-Peter and Muller (1948) was 0.0417 for upstream, 0.0432 for midstream, and 0.0493 for downstream. As a result of comparing the computed roughness coefficient to other empirical equations for review of applicability, the coefficient was larger in Strickler (1923) equation by 0.006. Smaller coefficient was shown by Planning Report for River Improvement Works. Equation by Garde and Raju (1978) was larger by 0.004, and equations by Lane and Carlson (1953) and by Meyer-Peter and Muller (1948) were larger by 0.001. Such precise roughness coefficient is extremely important when computing the amount of flood in rivers to prevent destruction of downstream embankments and property damages from flooding. Since roughness coefficient is a factor determined by complicated elements and differs according to time and space, continued management of roughness coefficient in rivers and streams is deemed necessary.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1994

There has been considerable research dealing with the influence of surface roughness along surfaces of rock discontinuities in relation to the peak shear strength of rock masses. Concepts accepted recently for measuring such strength include estimation of a roughness coefficient such as developed by Barton's studies. The method for estimation the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) value of a measured roughness profile is subjective. The aim of this research is to estimate the JRC value of the roughness of a surface profile in a rock mass system using an objective method. The study of roughness of surfaces has included measurement of fractal geometric characteristics. Once the irregularity of the surface has been described by the fractal dimension, the spatial variation of the surface irregularities can be described using variogram and drift analysis. An empirical relationships between the roughness profiles of selected JRC ranges and their fractal dimension with variogram and drift were derived. The application of analyses of fractal dimension, variogram and drift was novel for the analysis of roughness profiles. Also, an empirical equation was applied to experimental data.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2011

Physically-based resampling scheme for roughness coefficient of surface runoff considering the spatial landuse distribution was suggested for the purpose of effective operational application of recent grid-based distributed rainfall runoff model. Generally grid scale(mother scale) of hydrologic modeling can be greater than the scale (child scale) of original GIS thematic digital map when the objective basin is wide or topographically simple, so the modeler uses large grid scale. The resampled roughness coefficient was estimated and compared using 3 different schemes of Predominant, Composite and Mosaic approaches and total runoff volume and peak streamflow were computed through distributed rainfall-runoff model. For quantitative assessment of biases between computational simulation and observation, runoff responses for the roughness estimated using the 3 different schemes were evaluated using MAPE(Mean Areal Percentage Error), RMSE(Root-Mean Squared Error), and COE(Coefficient of Efficiency). As a result, in the case of 500m scale Mosaic resampling for the natural and urban basin, the distribution of surface runoff roughness coefficient shows biggest difference from that of original scale but surface runoff simulation shows smallest, especially in peakflow rather than total runoff volume.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1211-1220
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• 2008

In this study, we estimated, the equivalent roughness using an estimation model, which considered grain distribution on the bed and the protrusion height of the grains. We also reviewed the appropriateness of the estimated equivalent roughness at the Goksung and Gurey station in the Seomjin River. To review the appropriateness of this model, we presented the water level-discharge relation curve applying the equivalent roughness to the flow model and compared and reviewed it to observed data. Also, we compared and reviewed the observed data by estimating the Manning coefficient n, the Chezy coefficient C, and the Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient f by the equivalent roughness. The calculation results of the RMSE showed within 5% error range in comparison with observed value. Therefore the estimated equivalent roughness values by the model could be proved appropriate.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2002

Gloss is very important optical property influencing the perceived quality of the paper surface as well as the surface after printing. Although the average gloss level of paper products or printed images is important to meet end use specifications, the occurrence of gloss mottle, or non-uniformity of gloss, is often of greater concern for meeting quality requirements, especially for the high gloss paper. Gloss variation originates from the irregularities of paper surface, especially surface roughness of paper. Roughness of paper can be divided into micro-roughness (under $1\mu m$ scale in variation) and macro-roughness (over $1\mu m$ scale in variation) depending on the scale of the irregularities. A clearer understanding of the gloss variation of paper can be achieved by separating the contributions of these two scales of roughness, and characterizing them independently. In order to do this, a novel gloss measuring method was introduced. This can detect local gloss with very high resolution. The effect of macro-roughness on gloss variation, which was identified by the measurable surface topography, was separated from the total gloss variation by using this method. The effect of micro-roughness was then estimated indirectly. The local gloss variations of various paper samples were then evaluated to demonstrate the utility of this approach.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.760-767
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• 2006

Underestimation of rock joint shear strength comes from an inadequate consideration of roughness mobilization behavior, which is changed by asperity size as well applied normal load. In this study, we performed rock joint shear tests, and studied the roughness mobilization characteristics related with the scale of normal stress and asperities. Test specimens with artificial triangular asperities were manufactured. The specimens consisted of 3 types, and each type represented unevenness, waviness and total roughness(superposition of unevenness and waviness). The experimental results show that the roughness mobilization characteristics are varied by the scale of normal stress and asperities. Furthermore, the investigation shows that the rate of geometrical component and mechanical component in the total roughness is also varied by the scale of normal stress and asperities. These results suggest that we should consider the roughness mobilization characteristics for the roughness quantification and the shear strength modelling.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

In an effort to evaluate the qualities of the unused woods designed for art materials, Yellow pine, Pitch pine, Suwon poplar, Platanus and Cherry grown in Korea has been investigated in the study. Physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, roughness, and abrasion of the woods were examined. Among the five species, Cherry wood showed the highest density in green, air-dried and oven-dried conditions. Hardness of Cherry wood was higher than those of Suwon poplar and Platanus. In softwoods, Pitch pine showed greater hardness than Yellow pine. Yellow pine and Platanus had the highest values of wood surface roughness. Abrasion value of cross, radial and tangential sections was the highest in Yellow pine and Suwon poplar. It has been concluded from the experiment that physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, roughness, and abrasion of the woods can be used as an indicator of the suitability for woodcraft material.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2008

Flow resistance in a natural stream is caused by complex factors, such as the grains on the bed, vegetation, and bed-form, reach profile. Flow resistance in a generally stable gravel bed stream is due to protrudent grains from bed. Therefore, the flow resistance can be calculated by equivalent roughness in gravel bed stream, but estimation of equivalent roughness is difficult because nonuniform size and irregular arrangement of distributed grain on natural stream bed. In previous study, equivalent roughness is empirically estimated using characteristic grain size. However, application of empirical equation have uncertainty in stream that stream bed characteristic differs. In this study, we developed a model using an analytical method considering grain diameter distribution characteristics of grains on the bed and also taking into account flow resistance acting on each grain. Also, the model consider the protrusion height of grain.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.673-678
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• 2002

A satellite remote sensing is useful for vegetation monitoring. But it has some problem. One of these, it is difficult to find a difference of vegetation surface roughness using satellite remote sensing. Each vegetation type has unique surface roughness, for example needle leaves forest, broad leaves forest and grassland. Difference of vegetation surface roughness can be detected by satellite multiangular observation. In this study, objective is to propose index of vegetation surface roughness using BRF property. General vegetation indices are calculated from nadir data of satellite data. A proposed index is calculated from two different observation zenith angle data. Two different zenith data can provide BRF (Bi-directional Reflectance Factor) property of satellite observation data. A proposed index was able to detect different value on where NDVI shows similar high value areas of rice field and forest. This index is useful for vegetation monitoring.