• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.33-50
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• 2023

This study is to propose the ecosystem service valuation method as a complementary or alternative tool to overcome the limitations of the contingent valuation method(CVM), typically used to assess social benefits in preliminary feasibility studies. With an increasing interest in natural and environmental restoration projects, we assessed social benefits with theses CVM and ecosystem service valuation method from a case of Janghang wetland restoration project and compared the extent of the two social benefits. For quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services, the biophysical quantity for each ecosystem service indicator was calculated and then converted into currency (KRW) units to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services. The four ecosystem regulating service indicators were selected including greenhouse gas capture/storage, air pollution, water quantity and quality regulation. The amounts of CO₂ sequestration and storage as a ecosystem's greenhouse gas regulating service in the study area were 73.04 tCO₂/yr and 5,867.53 tCO₂/yr respectively. The reduction of SO₂, one of air pollutant gases by ecosystems was calculated to be 180.27 kg/yr, the reduction of NO₂ to be 378.90 kg/yr, and the reduction of fine dust (PM10) to be 9,713.92 kg/yr. The amount of freshwater regulating service by the ecosystem was estimated to be 459,394,319ℓ/yr, and the amount of nitrogen in freshwater removed by the ecosystem was 78.00kg/yr. Study results show that the benefits derived from the CVM were KRW 227.8 billion over the 30-year analysis period and those from the ecosystem service valuation method were KRW 41.4 billion for regulatory services and KRW 148.8 billion for cultural services, totaling KRW 189.5 billion. With KRW 184.8 billion of the total costs, the benefit/cost ratio using the CVM was 1.23 and that with the ecosystem service valuation method was 1.03. This study implications include that the CVM and ecosystem service valuation method can be applied together to assess and compare social benefits for natural and environmental restoration projects.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.161-168
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• 2008

The ecological environmental zones in coastal area, like tidal flat and salt marsh, were gradually decreased due to large scale of coastal development projects, reclamation and so on. Therefore, the development of artificial tidal flat and salt marsh has been emphasized in coastal area as mitigation concept and studies on related this background has performed. But studies on the quantitative evaluation for degree of restoration were insufficient. In this paper, as a fundamental study for evaluation of restoration on the creation of ecological environmental zones in coastal area, it was conducted that the monitoring and experiment for bio-chemical factors (bio-diversity, population and biomass of macro-benthos, survival ratio of reed, the number of heterotrophic bacteria and physico-chemical characteristics such as COD, IL, TN, TP and pH) using a in-situ pilot plant of tidal flat (Zone. P1) and salt marsh (Zone. P2), which was distinguished by content of dredged soil, in Jinudo, Nakdong estuary. From results of this study, the restoration index (RI), for evaluation concerning degree of restoration on the creation of ecological environmental zones in coastal area, was suggested and quantitative evaluation was performed using a restoration index (RI).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 2023

The fragmentation of habitats resulting from human activities leads to the isolation of wildlife and it also causes wildlife-vehicle collisions (i.e. Road-kill). In that sense, it is important to predict potential habitats of specific wildlife that causes wildlife-vehicle collisions by considering geographic, environmental and transportation variables. Road-kill, especially by large mammals, threatens human safety as well as financial losses. Therefore, we conducted this study on roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus), a large mammal that causes frequently Road-kill in Jeju Island. So, to predict potential wildlife habitats by considering geographic, environmental, and transportation variables for a specific species this study was conducted to identify high-priority restoration sites with both characteristics of potential habitats and road-kill hotspot. we identified high-priority restoration sites that is likely to be potential habitats, and also identified the known location of a Road-kill records. For this purpose, first, we defined the environmental variables and collect the occurrence records of roe deer. After that, the potential habitat map was generated by using Random Forest model. Second, to analyze roadkill hotspots, a kernel density estimation was used to generate a hotspot map. Third, to define high-priority restoration sites, each map was normalized and overlaid. As a result, three northern regions roads and two southern regions roads of Jeju Island were defined as high-priority restoration sites. Regarding Random Forest modeling, in the case of environmental variables, The importace was found to be a lot in the order of distance from the Oreum, elevation, distance from forest edge(outside) and distance from waterbody. The AUC(Area under the curve) value, which means discrimination capacity, was found to be 0.973 and support the statistical accuracy of prediction result. As a result of predicting the habitat of C. pygargus, it was found to be mainly distributed in forests, agricultural lands, and grasslands, indicating that it supported the results of previous studies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.600-605
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• 2019

Background: The leaves and roots of Panax ginseng are rich in ginsenosides. However, the chemical compositions of the leaves and roots of P. ginseng differ, resulting in different medicinal functions. In recent years, the aerial parts of members of the Panax genus have received great attention from natural product chemists as producers of bioactive ginsenosides. The aim of this study was the isolation and structural elucidation of novel, minor ginsenosides in the leaves of P. ginseng and evaluation of their antiinflammatory activity in vitro. Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were applied to obtain pure individual compounds, and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as chemical methods. The antiinflammatory effect of the new compounds was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results and conclusions: Two novel, minor triterpenoid saponins, ginsenoside $LS_1$ (1) and 5,6-didehydroginsenoside $Rg_3$ (2), were isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng. The isolated compounds 1 and 2 were assayed for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and Compound 2 showed a significant inhibitory effect with $IC_{50}$ of $37.38{\mu}M$ compared with that of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine ($IC_{50}=90.76{\mu}M$). Moreover, Compound 2 significantly decreased secretion of cytokines such as prostaglandin $E_2$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. In addition, Compound 2 significantly suppressed protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These results suggested that Compound 2 could be used as a valuable candidate for medicinal use or functional food, and the mechanism is warranted for further exploration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2013

This study was conducted to make a biotop planning and construct 3 types of biotop by each site conditions. Three sites of different types in ecological and scenery conservation area of the Dong-gang river were selected by expert brain-storming process and constructed terrestrial biotops and aquatic biotops. Targets of 3 sites were set up such as constructing a habitat for Kaloula borealis and an ecological education place, building a terrestrial biotopes and monitoring the natural vegetation succession, and constructing a habitat for Luciola unmunsana Doi. The study results can be applied hereafter to ecological restoration projects, after construction of habitat, the priority should be prepare measures of monitoring and maintenance, hereafter continuous study on ecological restoration should be performed actively through construction of biotope and wild animals and plants habitat.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

This study focuses on whether a physical habitat model, River2D, is useful to assess and design stream restoration. To achieve the aim, the habitat suitability for Zacco Platypus was analyzed using River2D at midstream of the Anyang-Cheon through modifying the low flow channel and changing the flow discharge. The River2D simulation results show that the inhabited environment for Zacco Platypus is improved by increasing the sinuosity of the low flow channel, and vice versa. Also the inhabited environment for Zacco Platypus gets worse when there is no additional flow for maintenance water supply at the stream flowing through cities. In this respect, the physical habitat simulation study based on the River2D model is useful because it provides a practical guidance in designing stream restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

This study was carried out to introduce current status to discuss erosion control strategy for the conservation of stream valley ecosystem. To restore stream valley ecosystem, we should establish restoration plans to keep the original shape of stream. It is necessary to use environmentally sound materials with conservation of valley stability. Valley construction for erosion control works should be evaluated continuously based on concepts of conservation and development of stream valley ecology. It is categorized in point of the important of class of stream valley conservation ahead planning and constructure. We suggest that the development of stream valley construction needs to prevent mass movement of soil sediments. In addition, it is established the basal strategy to protect macro and micro aquatic organisms in stream valley ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.8-23
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to review the relationship between environmental assessment (EA) and land use planning through the theoretical and practical perspective. Theoretically, this research studies environmental land use planning incorporating with environmental assessment. Practically, through the review on EA review opinion in Korea Environment Institute for recent 10 years, environmental land use mitigations are investigated. The results of this study are as follows:first, there have been new and innovative review criteria and mitigation methods in environmental assessment; second, land use mitigation tools have been mostly used in environmental assessment; finally, there is a need for mediating role by land use section in EA review system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-66
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• 2009

The increase of rice productivity, the decrease of rice demand, aging farmers, and the market-opening of rice along with the domestic and international conditions changes have been led to the increase of the abandoned rice paddy fields. Such abandoned rice paddy fields have been left in many areas and most of them have become wetlands. The purpose of this study is methodology of selection to the wetland for development in the abandoned rice paddy fields along with surroundings. The selection of habitat suitability index assessment study to conservation and restoration was done through hydrology, wild animals habitation, wetland vegetation, outside disturbance, and natural purification capacity assessment. In addition, the same method was applied to assessment items and standards for both the restoration site selection and the type of restoration. Both assessment items and standards were applied to the sites, drawn on the maps, and overlayer for the comprehensive map, and then the wetland suitability index was applied to the suitable site. The development technique was applied to 10 sites near the Banwol Stream watershed in Gunpo, Gyeonggi province. The selection of conservation, restoration, and the optimal sites can lead to not only the biodiveristy increase in agricultural or semi natural areas but also to the establishment of ecological networks in national level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

Despite its high level of symbolic and ecological values, BaigDooDaeGahn, about 684km long stretch of mountains in the eastern part of Korean peninsular, has been widely destroyed and barely recovered. While Korean government enacted a special law in 2005 to protect these areas and designated about 2,658 $km^2$ as the protection zone in 2007, there were a number of sites inside that had been disturbed by mining, illegal crop cultivations, stone quarry, development of resort facilities, construction of roads, and other human activities. To restore these damaged areas in a sustainable manner, the integrative system to categorize damaged areas for participatory restoration by local residents was suggested by this study. The most distinguished feature of the proposed system was to integrate the existing restoration approach focusing on biophysical conditions into the sustainability-building approach to reactivate socio-economic conditions of local society, called 'restoration of eco-cultural community'. As an entry stage to design the new restoration system including processes and procedures, the damaged areas had to be re-categorized by two characteristics, their physical conditions in terms of possibility of public participatory restoration and the readiness of local society required for pursuing endogenous development. More detailed considerations regarding these two characteristics and three different categories has been suggested and discussed.