• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1951-1955
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• 2014

Catalytic pyrolysis of Geodae-Uksae 1, a kind of miscanthus found in Korea, was carried out over mesoporous MCM-48 catalysts. For rapid product analysis and catalyst evaluation, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, pyridine adsorbed Fourier transform infrared, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption were utilized to analyze the properties of the catalysts. Compared to non-catalytic reaction, catalytic upgrading over mesoporous Al-MCM-48 catalysts produced a higher-quality bio-oil with a high stability and low oxygen content. Al-MCM-48 exhibited higher deoxygenation ability than Si-MCM-48 due to its higher acidity.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of leachate discharged from livestock burial sites in Gangwondo resulting from foot-and-mouth disease by monitoring the water quality at the survey tube-wells installed near livestock burial sites in order to investigate the effect of the leachate on the quality of nearby underground water and suggest a water pollution level in accordance with water quality evaluation criteria. Methods: To minimize the secondary environmental pollution damage caused by leachate at burial sites of livestock killed by foot-and-mouth disease, this study analyzed the leachate directly discharged from burial sites and installed survey tube-wells within 300 meters of livestock burial sites and investigated water quality as a means to ascertain the environmental effect of the leachate from the burial sites. In accordance with environmental management guidelines on livestock burial sites, this research investigated the water quality in the survey tube-wells in fifty five burial sites in Gangwondo. The elements investigated were $NH_3$-N, $Cl^-$, $NO_3$-N, conductivity, and E. coli. Water quality was monitored from 2011 to 2013. Results: The water quality from the drain pipe at the location of leachate from livestock burial sites showed BOD 37,209 mg/L, COD 8,829 mg/L, $NH_3$-N 3,633 mg/L, and $Cl^-$ 580 mg/L. According to the monitoring results of water quality ($Cl^-$, $NH_3$-N, conductivity) at the survey tube-wells, there was suspicion that 13 out of 55 burial sites discharged leachate, five sites discharged highly concentrated leachate (13%): one in Gangneung, one in Wonju, and three in Cheorwon. Conclusion: It was judged that out of thirteen observation wells which showed a possibility of discharged leachate, three survey tube-wells have established the discharge effect of leachate at burial sites up to recently. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continue monitoring them and devise additional measures.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.101-119
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed long-term measurements and air quality simulation results of four criteria air pollutants ($PM_{10}$, $O_3$, $NO_2$, and $SO_2$) for 10 years, from 2006 to 2015, with emphasis on trends of annual variabilities. With the observation data, we conducted spatial interpolation using the Kriging method to estimate spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations. We also performed air quality simulations using the CMAQ model to consider the nonlinearity of the secondary air pollutants such as $O_3$ and the influence of long-range transport. In addition, these simulations are used to deduce the effect of long-term meteorological variations on trends of air quality changes because we fixed the emissions inventory while changing meteorological inputs. The nation-wide inter-annual variability of modeled $PM_{10}$ concentrations was $-0.11{\mu}g/m^3/yr$, while that of observed concentrations was $-0.84{\mu}g/m^3/yr$. For the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the inter-annual variability of observed $PM_{10}$ concentrations was $-1.64{\mu}g/m^3/yr$ that is two times rapid improvement compared to other regions. On the other hand, the inter-annual variability of observed $O_3$ concentrations is 0.62 ppb/yr which is larger than the simulated result of 0.13 ppb/yr. Magnitudes of differences between the modeled and observed inter-annual variabilities indicated that decreasing trend of $PM_{10}$ and increasing trend of $O_3$ are more influenced by emissions and oxidation states than meteorological conditions. We also found similar patterns in $NO_2$. However, $NO_2$ trends showed greater regional and seasonal differences than other pollutants. The analytic approach used in this study can be applicable to estimate changes in factors determining air quality such as emissions, weather, and surrounding conditions over a long term. Then analysis results can be used as important data for air quality management planning and evaluation of the chronic impact of air quality.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2017

National reference standards (NRSs) for biologics are established through potency estimation by a multi-center joint study of standard materials used in the approval process for national lot release and quality control of vaccines, blood products, and other biologics. In this study, a stability evaluation was conducted to determine whether the potency of NRSs for six blood products was being maintained at a consistent level in Korea. The present study conducted real-time stability tests via in-vivo/in-vitro bioassay on NRSs for blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate (2nd standard), antithrombin concentrate, prekallikrein activator, anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin, blood coagulation factor IX concentrate, and anti-tetanus human immunoglobulin, as well as a trend analysis using cumulative annual results. The real-time stability test results showed that the mean potency of six NRSs was all within the control limit. In the trend analysis, the potency of NRS for blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate (2nd standard) showed a decreasing trend, while the potency of all other products had been stably maintained. The present study confirmed that the mean potency of NRSs for six blood products had been stably maintained in Korea. The findings of the present study establish a foundation that can ensure the quality of NRSs for biologics in Korea, and it is expected to make a major contribution to the supply of high-quality biologics.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2018

In 2015, a candidate for the second national reference standard (NRS) of Gloydius snake venom was produced to replace the first NRS of Gloydius snake venom. In the present study, the potencies of the candidate were determined by a collaborative study, and the qualification of the candidate was estimated. The potencies of the candidate were determined by measuring the murine lethal titers and lapine hemorrhagic titers of venom against the regional working reference standard (RWRS) for antivenom using the methods described in the previous report for the first NRS of Gloydius snake venom. Three Korean facilities contributed data from a total of 30 independent assays. Subsequently, two foreign national control research laboratories contributed to this collaborative study. The results were calculated using the Reed-Muench method for lethality and determined using a mixed-effects model for hemorrhage. The general common potencies of the lethal and hemorrhagic titers were obtained from the results of the 30 tests performed at three Korean facilities. The results are expressed in micrograms for 1 test dose (TD) with a 95% confidence interval as follows: a lethal titer of $90.13{\mu}g/TD$ (95% confidence interval = $87.39{\sim}92.86{\mu}g$) and a hemorrhagic titer of $10.80{\mu}g/TD$ (95% confidence interval = $10.46{\sim}11.14{\mu}g$). In addition, the candidate preparation showed good quality evaluation according to the results of the quality estimation of the candidate and is judged to be suitable to serve as the Korean NRS for snake venom. In conclusion, the second NRS of Gloydius snake venom was established in this study and will be used for national quality control, including a national lot release test of Korean antivenom products.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.581-590
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• 2017

석문호 수질을 가장 효율적으로 개선하기 위한 최적의 방안을 마련하기 위해 본 연구에서는 지류하천의 수질 및 유량조사, 퇴적물 조사, 오염원 조사, 하천그룹화를 통한 중점관리 대상유역 선정을 포함한 다양한 분석을 수행하였다. 석문호 유역의 주요 지류하천은 대부분 BOD농도는 낮은 반면 COD농도는 높은 경향을 보였으며, 역천, 당진천, 시곡천, 백석천, 진관소하천, 장항소하천 등은 수질항목에 관계없이 수질농도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 석문호 유역 내 오염원은 생활계, 축산계 및 산업계가 대부분으로 지역에 따라 다양하게 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 석문호 수질개선을 위해 중점관리 대상하천으로 선정된 당진천, 역천, 백석천, 장항소하천 유역 내 위치하고 있는 오염원의 우선적인 저감이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 석문호 수질개선을 위한 다양한 시나리오별 수질개선효과를 수질모델을 이용하여 정량적으로 평가한 결과, 유역 내 오염물질 배출량 관리를 위해 공공하수처리시설을 신설 및 증설만 하여도 호소 수질 V등급을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 권역별 수질평가 및 비점오염원 배출부하량을 산정하여, 낙동강수계 권역별 비점 오염원 오염도를 평가하고, 우선관리유역 선정 및 향후 관리방향을 설정하였다. 낙동강수계 수질평가를 실시한 결과, 중권역별 BOD농도를 기준으로 Ia등급에 해당하는 중권역이 10개, Ib등급이 6개, II등급이 5개, III등급이 1개 중권역에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. COD 농도의 경우, Ib등급에 해당하는 중권역이 9개, II등급이 6개, III등급이 6개, IV등급이 1개 중권역에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 중권역 내 수질 오염도를 검토하여 오염도 순위를 적용하는 기준으로 하였으며, 그 결과 금호강 중권역, 낙동고령 중권역, 낙동밀양 중권역 및 남강 중권역이 선정되었다. 중권역별 토지계 원단위를 활용하여 비점오염원 배출부하량을 산정한 결과, 가장 많은 비점오염부하량을 배출하는 중권역은 금호강 중권역 으로 17,706.7 kg/day로 나타났다. 낙동강수계 비점오염원에 대한 수질평가 및 부하량 산정 결과 금호강중권역에 대한 비점오염원 관리가 가장 우선시 되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 금호강의 수질 및 유량 자료를 이용하여 첨두수질에 따른 강우유출 특성을 분석하고 모니터링 및 오염원별 관리 시기 등의 비점오염 관리 방향을 도출하였다. 첨두수질농도(Peak Water Quality Concentration)는 강우유출수내 수질이 가장 높은 농도로 비점오염 관리 기준농도로 극값(Extremal value)을 활용하는 개념이다. 이 방법을 이용하여 누적강수량(총강수량), 첨두수질농도, 첨두수질농도까지의 누적강수량, 첨두수질농도까지의 시간, 첨두수질농도까지의 EMC 등의 평가인자를 검토하였고 장기간에 걸친 실측자료를 이용하여 비점오염원 강우유출특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 통해 비점오염원을 관리하기 위한 적정 모니터링 및 관리방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2016

낙동강 195개 지류 지천 지점에서 2015년 수집된 699회의 유량 및 BOD/COD/T-N/T-P/SS/TOC 농도 등의 수질 자료를 이용하여 중점관리지점 선정 연구를 수행하였다. 각 모니터링 지점에서 BOD, T-P, TOC 농도 및 오염부하량에 대한 변동계수가 매우 크게 확인되어 1년 평균 자료를 이용한 중점관리지점 선정이 경우에 따라 불합리할 수 있을 것으로 지적되었다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 각 모니터링 자료를 평균화하지 않고 독립적으로 이용할 수 있는 두 가지 방법을 제시하였다. 첫 번째 방법으로 각 모니터링 시점별로 수집된 BOD, T-P, TOC 농도를 낙동강 중권역별 목표수질과 비교하여 목표수질을 초과하는 횟수를 각 지점별로 산정하였다. 두 번째로 BOD, T-P, TOC 항목에 대한 오염부하량을 각 모니터링 시점별 및 지점별로 산정하여 % 순위를 산정하는 방법을 적용하였다. 이상의 방법을 통해 결정된 중점관리지점을 서로 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 낙동강 유역의 수질의 전반적 특성을 분석하였다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.305-343
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• 1995

The purposes of this study are to confirm the applicability of the unobtrusive evaluation to Korean libraries, to develop survey forms, check lists and evaluation criteria appropriate for Korean libraries, to analyze the relationship between the test variables and the performance level, to find out the causes of poor service if any, and to propose measures for improving the quality of reference services. The main results of the analyses are as follows : $\cdot$ The accuracy of answers was correlated to appropriateness of search process, way of providing answer, usage of language, approachability and use of second materials in the order named. That is, there was a strong correlation between accuracy and the variables related to librarian's behavior. $\cdot$ There was no statistically significant relationship between accuracy and the environmental aspects of reference department such as number of professional librarians, self-evaluation of reference collection, etc. $\cdot$ The main reasons for failing to give accurate answers were found to be weaknesses in understanding questions. developing search strategy logically and relating the querries to available information sources.