• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2000

In order to solve water quality problem of domestic dam reservoir, many projects have been performed in a point of view to restoration of water quality. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of release from sediment on water quality and release characteristics. Daecheong dam reservoir was investigated for two years, from 1998 to 1999. The nutrient release rates of Daecheong reservoir is less than foreign eutrophic reservoir at anoxic condition. For the evaluation of the effect of nutrient release on water quality, internal and external loading was calculated at Daecheong reservoir. As total phosphorus loading from sediment is calculated 9.3 ton/yr and inflow loading from Daecheong reservoir watershed 118 ton/yr, internal loading shows the portion of 7.88% to external loading. At this study, because sampling point was choosed at the point where much sediment is accumulated, experimental result is more than average release rates. Because Daecheong reservoir shows complete thermal stratification and anoxic condition below 30m from water surface in summer seasons, released phosphorus from sediment can not transfer to epilimnion and eventually resettles. Therefore sediment has insignificant impacts on water quality on Daecheong dam reservoir.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2010

A vast increase of antibiotics usage in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) over the last few decades has led to an environmental risk due to the presence of antibiotic residuals in different environmental compartments. Especially in Korea, the use of antibiotics in CAFOs is much greater than in other developed countries. One of the primary adverse impacts of antibiotic residuals in the environment is that they readily produce antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), which exert detrimental effects on the ecosystem as well as human health. In this article, the impacts of veterinary antibiotic residuals with regard to their quantification and management, and desirable remediation technologies have been widely reviewed. This review article concluded that the continuous monitoring should be required to ensure the safety of antibiotic residuals in the surrounding environments. Furthermore, the management guidelines of antibiotic residuals need to be developed in the future.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2006

The watersheds are functional geographical areas that integrate a variety of environmental and ecological processes and human impacts on landscapes. Geographical assessments using GIS recognize the relationship between interdependence of resources and ecological/environmental components in watersheds. They are useful methodology for viable long term natural resource management. This paper performs through the using hydrological analyses, landscape ecological analyses, remote sensing, and GIS. Indicators are items or measures that represent key components of the small watersheds, and they are developed to be evaluated. Some indicators are described that they represent watershed condition and trend as well as focus on physical, biological and chemical properties of small watershed. Also, ecological functions such as stability, resilience, and sensitivity are inferred from them. The model implemented in GIS allows to reflect the ecological and hydrological functioning of watershed. Methodology from image analysis, landscape ecological analysis, spatial interpolation, and numerical process modeling are integrated within GIS to provide assessment for eco-logical/environmental condition. Results are described from the small watershed of Gwynns Falls in Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland, an area of about 66.5 square miles. The small watershed within Gwynns Falls watershed are subject to a number of land-use. But it is predominantly urban, with significantly lesser amounts of forest and agriculture. The increasing urbanization is ass-coiated with ecological/environmental impacts and citizen conflicts.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

Most developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and the associated growth of industry and services. Cities are currently absorbing two-thirds of the total population in the developing world. Korea has about 85 percent of urban dwellers. World population will shift from being predominantly rural to predominantly urban around the turn of the century. Although cities play a key role in development process and make more than a proportionate contribution to national economic growth, especially cities are also the main catalysts of economic growth in developing countries, they can also be unhealthy, inefficient, and inequitable places to live. Most developing countries are increasingly unable to provide basic environmental infrastructure and services, whether in the megacities or in secondary urban centers. Of particular concern is the strain on natural resources brought by the increasing number of people, cars, and factories. They are generating ever greater amounts of urban wastes and emissions. They also exceed the capacity of regulatory authorities to control them and of nature to assimilate them. The environmental consequences are translated into direct negative impacts on human health, the quality of life, the productivity of the city, and the surrounding ecosystems. Environmental degradation threatens the long tenn availability and quality of natural resources critical to economic growth. Cities, with their higher and growing per capita energy use for domestic, industrial, and transport purpose also contribute a disproportionate share of the emission leading to global warming and acid rain. An important priority is to develop strategic approaches for managing the urban environment. The design of appropriate and lasting strategic responses requires first an understanding of the underlying causes of urban environmental deterioration, it is necessary that longer tenn objectives should be set for urban area to avoid irreversible ecological damage and to ensure lasting economic development. As a means to the preventive policies against the adverse effect, environmental impact assessment (EIA) serve to identify a project's possible environmental consequences early enough to allow their being taken into consideration in the decision making process for urban planning. This paper describes some considerations of EIA for urban planning-scoping, assessment process, measurement and prediction of impacts, pollution controls and supervision, and system planning for environmental preservation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.303-304
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• 2008

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2011

The Rio Grande Compact Commission, in collaboration with local water management entities, water users and universities established a three state Rio Grande The Rio Grande Compact Commission, in collaboration with local water management entities, water users and universities established a three state Rio Grande Salinity Management Program. The objectives of the Rio Grande Project Salinity Management Program are to reduce salinity concentrations, loading, and salinity impacts in the Rio Grande basin for the 270 mile river reach from San Acacia, New Mexico to Fort Quitman, Texasto increase usable water supplies for agricultural, urban, and environmental purposes. The focus of this first phase of the program is the development of baseline salinity and hydrologic information and a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of salinity. An assessment of the economic impacts of salinity in this region was conducted by scientists at Texas A&M University's AgriLife Research Center at El Paso and New Mexico State University. Economic damages attributable to high salinity of Rio Grandewater were estimated for residential, agricultural, municipal, and industrial uses. The major impact issues addressed were: who is being affected the types of economic impacts the magnitude of economic damages overall and by user category and identification of threshold-effect levels for different types of water use. Salinity concentrations in this 270 mile reach of the river typically range from 480 ppm to 1,200 ppm, but can exceed 3,000 ppm in the lower section of this reach. Economic impacts include reductions in agricultural yields, reduced water appliance life, equipment replacement costs, and increased water supply costs. This preliminary economic assessment indicates annual damages of $10.5 million from increased water salinity. Under current water uses, municipal and industrial uses account for 75% of the total estimated impacts. However, agricultural impacts are based on current crop pattern yield reductions and, salinity leaching requirements and do not account for the impacts of reduced revenue from having to grow salinity tolerant, lower value crops. Actual damages are anticipated to be significantly higher with the inclusion of these additional agricultural impacts plus the future impacts from the growing population in the region. A more comprehensive economic analysis is planned for the second phase of this program. Results of the economic analysis are being used to determine the feasiblity of salinity control alternatives and what salinity reduction control measures will be pursued.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2007

국토가 좁고 천연자원이 부족한 우리나라에서 전기생산의 대부분을 원자력 발전에 의존하고, 화력발전을 많이 활용하는 것은 당연한 일이다. 그러나, 각종 신기술의 개발과 함께 신에너지원에 대한 가능성이 증대되고 있어 이에 대한 연구와 투자도 소홀히 할 수 없는 상황에 있다. 신에너지원으로 거론되는 여러 가지 대안 가운데 비교적 국내기술로 접근하기 쉬운 부분이 지열을 활용한 분야이다. 일본, 필리핀, 인도네시아와 같은 화산국은 물론이고 우리나라와 같이 활화산이 없는 나라에서도 대심도에서는 지열자원이 고르게 분포해해 있을 것으로 추정되어 개발된 지열활용기술은 그 수요처가 상당히 젊다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지열활용을 위하여 필수적으로 사용되는 지열정 굴착기법과 건설에 따라 우려되는 환경영향을 정리하였다. 지열활용에 사용되는 지열정의 종류를 파악하고, 그에 따른 굴착기술을 소개하였으며, 저비용 고효율 굴착을 위한 요소기술들을 정리하였다. 그리고, 국외의 자료를 통하여 지열발전 프로젝트에서 우려되는 환경영향을 조사하여 국내의 상황과 비교하여 고찰하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2009

The study has analyzed impacts and intensity of weather that affect $PM_{10}$ concentration based on PM10 forecast conducted by the city of Seoul in order to identify ways to improve the accuracy of PM10 forecast. Variables that influence $PM_{10}$ concentration include not only velocity and direction of the wind and rainfalls, but also those including secondary particulate matter, which were identified to greatly influence the concentration in complicated manner as well. In addition, same variables were found to have different impacts depending on seasons and conditions of other variables. The study found out that improving accuracy of $PM_{10}$ concentration forecast face some limits as it is greatly influenced by the weather. As an estimation, this study assumed that basic research units and artificially estimated pollutant emissions, study on mechanisms of secondary particulate matter productions, observatory compliment, and enhanced forecaster's expertise are needed for better forecast.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2000

Through numerical experiment using simplified OSU-1D PBL(Oregon State University One-Dimensional Planetary Boundary Layer) model and field measurement, we studied the impacts of vegetation canopy on heat island that was one of the characteristics of local climaate in urban area. it was found that if the fraction of vegetation was extended by 10 percent, the maximum air temperature and the maximum ground temperature can come down about 0.9${\circ}C$, 2.3${\circ}C$, respectively. Even though the field measurement was done under a little unstable atmospheric condition, the canopy air temperature was lower in the daytime, and higher at night than the air and ground temperature. This result suggests that the extention of vegetation canopy can bring about more pleasant local climate by causing the oasis, the shade and the blanket effect.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.533-537
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• 2007

국토가 좁고 천연자원이 부족한 우라나라에서 전기생산의 대부분을 원자력 발전에 의존하고, 화력발전을 많이 활용하는 것은 당연한 일이다. 그러나, 각종 신기술의 개발과 함께 신에너지원에 대한 가능성이 증대되고 있어 이에 대한 연구와 투자도 소홀히 할 수 없는 상황에 있다. 신에너지원으로 거론되는 여러 가지 대안 가운데 비교적 국내기술로 접근하기 쉬운 부분이 지열을 활용한 분야이다. 일본, 필리핀, 인도네시아와 같은 화산국은 물론이고 우리나라와 같이 활화산이 없는 나라에서도 대심도에서는 지열자원이 고르게 분포해 있을 것으로 추정되어 개발된 지열활용기술은 그 수요처가 상당히 넓다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지열활용을 위하여 필수적으로 사용되는 지열정 굴착기법과 건설에 따라 우려되는 환경영향을 정리하였다. 지열활용에 사용되는 지열정의 종류를 파악하고, 그에 따른 굴착기술을 소개하였으며, 저비용 고효율 굴착을 위한 요소기술들을 정리하였다. 그리고, 국외의 자료를 통하여 지열발전 프로젝트에서 우려되는 환경영향을 조사하여 국내의 상황과 비교하여 고찰하였다.