• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.619-629
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• 2024

To improve the utilization rate of phosphate tailings (PTs) and widen the sources of subgrade filler, the PTs is employed to modify clay, forming a PTs modified clay, applied in the subgrade. Accordingly, the environmental friendliness of PTs was investigated. Subsequently, an optimal proportion was determined through compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) experiments. Afterward, the stability of mixture with the optimal proportion was further evaluated through the water stability and dry-wet stability experiments. Finally, via the gradation and microstructure experiments, the strength mechanism of PTs modified clay was analyzed. The results show that the PTs were classified in the non-hazardous solid wastes, belonging to Class A building materials. With the increase of PTs content and the decrease of clay content, the optimum water content and the swelling degree gradually decrease, while the maximum dry density and CBR first increase and then decrease, reaching their peak value at 50% PTs content, which is the optimal proportion. The resilient modulus of PTs modified clay at the optimal proportion reaches 110.2 MPa. The water stability coefficient becomes stable after soaking for 4 days, while the dry-wet stability coefficient decreases with the increase of cycles and tends to be stable after 8 cycles. Under the long-term action, the dry-wet change has a greater adverse impact than continuous soaking. The analysis demonstrates that the better strength mainly comes from the skeleton role of PTs and the cementation of clay. The systematic laboratory test results and economic analysis collectively provide data evidence for the advantages of PTs modified clay as a subgrade filler.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.27-56
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• 2006

Today's financial institutions usually take environmental issues seriously into consideration as they could not evade lender liability in an increasing number of cases. On the international scene, a brand-new concept of the "Equator Principles" in the New Millenium has driven more and more international banks to adopt these Principles in project financing. Sustainable development has been a key word in understanding new trends of the governments, financial institutions, corporations and civic groups in the 21st century. The Equator Principles are a set of voluntary environmental and social guidelines for sustainable finance. These Principles commit bank officers to avoid financial support to projects that fail to meet these guidelines. The Principles were conceived in 2002 on an initiative of the International Finance Corporation(IFC), and launched in June 2003. Since then, dozens of major banks, accounting for up to 80 percent of project loan market, have adopted the Principles. Accordingly, the Principles have become the de facto standard for all banks and investors on how to deal with potential social and environmental issues of projects to be financed. Compliance with the Equator Principles facilitates for endorsing banks to participate in the syndicated loan and help them to manage the risks associated with large-scale projects. The Equator Principles call for financial institutions to provide loans to projects under the following circumstances: - The risk of the project is categorized in accordance with internal guidelines based upon the environmental and social screening criteria of the IFC. - For Category A and B projects, borrowers or sponsors are required to conduct a Social and Environmental Assessment, the preparation of which must meet certain requirements and satisfactorily address key social and environmental issues. - The Social and Environmental Assessment report should address baseline social and environmental conditions, requirements under host country laws and regulations, sustainable development, and, as appropriate, IFC's Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, etc. - Based on the Social and Environmental Assessment, Equator banks then make agreements with borrowers on how they mitigate, monitor and manage the risks through a Social and Environmental Management System. Compliance with the plan is included in the covenant clause of loan agreements. If the borrower doesn't comply with the agreed terms, the bank will take corrective actions. The Equator Principles are not a mere declaration of cautious banks but a full commitment of lenders. A violation of the Principles in the process of project financing, which led to an unexpected damage to the affected community, would not give rise to any specific legal remedies other than ordinary lawsuits. So it is more effective for banks to ensure consistent implementation of the Principles and to have them take responsible measures to solve social and environmental issues. Public interests have recently mounted up with respect to environmental issues on the occasion of the Supreme Court's decision (2006Du330) on the fiercely debated reclamation project at Saemangeum. The majority Justices said that the expected environmental damages like probable pollution of water and soil were not believed so serious and that the Administration should continue to implement the project seeking ways to make it more environment friendly. In this case, though the Category A Saemangeum Project was carried out by a government agency, the Supreme Court behaved itself as a signal giver to approve or stop the environment-related project like an Equator bank in project financing. At present, there is no Equator bank in Korea in contrast to three big banks in Japan. Also Korean contractors, which are aggressively bidding for Category A-type projects in South East Asia and Mideast, might find themselves in a disadvantageous position because they are generally ignorant of the environmental assessment associated with project financing. In this regard, Korean banks and overseas project contractors should care for the revised Equator Principles and the latest developments in project financing more seriously. It's because its scope has expanded to the capital cost of US$10 million or more across all industry sectors regardless of developing countries or not. It should be noted that, for a Korean bank, being an Equator bank is more or less burdensome in a short-term period, but it must be conducive to minimizing risks and building up good reputation in the long run.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to analyze the investment adequacy of the projects implemented according to the master plan on sewerage rehabilitation at Seoul. The planned and actually implemented ratio of invested money on sewage treatment plants (STPs) to sewers were compared in two temporal periods. Though the planned ratio of investment on STPs to sewers was 50:50 (in 2009-2020), the actual implemented ratio in 2009-2013 was 34:66. Until 2020, the greater investment ratio on STPs to sewers should be made considering the necessity of coping with stricter legal compliance on advanced treatment, stormwater treatment and so on. The priority of the planned and partially implemented projects among four STPs and at each STP was evaluated. Considering only the performance indicator of reduced load of BOD, T-N, T-P per the capacity of each STP facility, the performance among four STPs was shown as Jung-Rang>Tan-Cheon>Seo-Nam>Nan-Ji. The reverse order of the performance results in the past may be considered for future investment priority, but the efficiency of operation implemented at each STP, deteriorated status of each STP, investment in the past and so forth should also be considered. As for the priority of projects conducted within each STP, projects related to legal compliance (such as advanced tertiary treatment, stormwater treatment, etc.) have highest priority. Odor-related project and inhabitant-friendly facility related projects (such as building park on STPs, etc.) has lower priority than water quality related projects but interactivity with end-users of sewerage should also be important.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2011

현재 국내 주택의 근간을 이루는 내력벽식 공동주택은 구조적 한계로 인해 단수명화되고 있다. 이로 인해 발생하는 재건축은 막대한 자원 및 에너지 소비와 건설폐기물로 인한 환경오염을 유발하고 있다. 정부는 이러한 문제 해결의 방안으로 리모델링이 가능한 라멘구조를 유도하는 인센티브 제도를 시행하고 있다. 따라서 새로운 개념을 적용한 라멘구조의 공동주택을 위하여 개발된 복합PC구조인 Green Frame은 내력벽식 및 기존 라멘조식 공동주택이 리모 델링이 어렵다는 단점을 개선할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 공사기간 단축이 가능할 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 Green Frame의 특성과 절대공기를 분석하고, 구조별 공동주택의 골조공사 공기와 비교 분석하여 차이점을 규명하였다. 그 결과 Green Frame을 공동주택에 적용할 경우 공기단축이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 건설공사에서 공기는 매우 중요한 요소로 향후 성공적인 공동주택의 사업을 위해서 중요한 핵심기술로서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.56-61
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• 2009

Paradigm depending only on fossil fuel for building heat source is rapidly changing. Accelerating the change, as it has been known, is obligation for reducing green house gas coming from use of fossil fuel, i.e. reaction to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In addition, factors such as high oil price, unstable supply, weapon of petroleum and oil peak, by replacing fossil fuel, contributes to advance of environmental friendly renewable energy which can be continuously reusable. Therefore, current new energy policies, beyond enhancing effectiveness of heat using equipments, are to make best efforts for national competitiveness. Our country supports 11 areas for new renewable energy including sun light, solar heat and wind power. Among those areas, ocean thermal energy specifies tidal power generation using tide of sea, wave and temperature differences, wave power generation and thermal power generation. But heat use of heat source from sea water itself has been excluded as non-utilized energy. In the future, sea water heat source which has not been used so far will be required to be specified as new renewable energy. This research is to survey local heating system in Europe using sea water, central solar heating plants, seasonal thermal energy store and to analyze large scale central solar heating plants in German. Seasonal thermal energy store necessarily need to be equipped with large scale thermal energy store. Currently operating central solar heating system is a effective method which significantly enhances sharing rate of solar heat in a way that stores excessive heat generating in summer and then replenish insufficient heat for winter. Construction cost for this system is primarily dependent on large scale seasonal heat store and this high priced heat store merely plays its role once per year. Since our country is faced with 3 directional sea, active research and development for using sea water heat as cooling and heating heat source is required for seashore villages and building units. This research suggests how to utilize new energy in a way that stores cooling heat of sea water into seasonal thermal energy store when temperature of sea water is its lowest temperature in February based on West Sea and then uses it as cooling heat source when cooling is necessary. Since this method utilizes seasonal thermal energy store from existing central solar heating plant for heating and cooling purpose respectively twice per year maximizing energy efficiency by achieving 2 seasonal thermal energy store, active research and development is necessarily required for the future.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2005

제주도는 전통적으로 전년 내내 온화한 해양기후조건을 가지고 있으며 청정한 자연환경과 극적인 해안경관으로 세계적인 휴양지로 유명하다. 그러나 우리나라 곳곳의 해안지역에서처럼 제주도 역시 해안구조물 건설 및 항만 재개발에 자연환경의 변화에 따른 예측하지 못한 해안침식 문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다. 이들 지역에서는 섬의 남쪽 해안선에서 침식으로 인한 해안선의 급격한 변화를 보이는 것은 물론 해안선 절벽까지도 무너져 내리는 현상까지 나타나고 있다. 이미 선진국에서는 여러 해안공학자 및 연구자들이 해안침식에 대한 연구를 오랫동안 심도 있게 다루어 왔으나 우리나라에서는 아직 이 방면에 연구 활동이 미약하고 기초연구자료도 미흡하여 대책공법의 수립에 어려움이 존재하며, 무분별한 대책공법의 시행으로 인해 청정해안 환경에 복잡하고 치명적인 영향을 초래할 우려가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외국에서의 여러 사례를 조사하고 해안선 침식방지는 물론 환경친화적이고 친수기능을 겸비한 종합적인 방재 대책공법으로 인공리프, 부유식 방파제 그리고 이중원통 케이슨식 방파제를 찾아내어 제안하고자 하였다. 제안된 방법은 수치모델을 통해 대상해역에 적용하여 그 결과를 비교하여 그 타당성을 평가해 보았다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.432-441
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 섬유보강 시멘트 복합체(Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites, FRCCs) 제조시 강섬유의 대체재료로서 선반 스크랩을 활용하기 위하여 그것의 특성을 규명하는 것이다. FRCCs 제조시 선반 스크랩을 활용함으로써 경제성 뿐만 아니라 친환경 효과를 도모할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 금속 가공공장으로부터 여러 종류의 강 스크랩을 수집한 후 이들의 물성을 평가하였으며, KS D 2101에 따라 강 스크랩을 분류 분석하여 강섬유를 대체할 수 있는 선반 스크랩을 제시하였다. 물-결합재비 30% 및 40%에 대해서 선반 스크랩 혼입률(전체 체적의 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%)에 따라 FRCCs를 제조한 후 이들의 작업성, 압축강도 및 휨강도를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 선반 스크랩을 혼입한 FRCCs의 압축강도는 보통 콘크리트보다 다소 작은 것으로 나타났으나, 휨강도는 보통 콘크리트보다 약 10% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타나, FRCCs 제조시 선반 스크랩은 활용 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2021

This study evaluated the growth, physiological responses and productivity based on the intercropping ratio of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). on the rooftops to determine out the efficient ratio in urban agriculture. From April to September 2019, an experiment was conducted on the rooftop of Konkuk University Glocal Campus. Cherry tomato and basil were selected as companion plants for eco-friendly urban agriculture on the rooftops. Each plot was created with a width of 100 cm, length of 100 cm, and height of 25 cm. After installing drainage and waterproof layers from bottom to top, substrate was laid out with a height of 20 cm. Intercropping ratio was consisted of a single tomato plant (TC), 2:1 tomato to basil (T₂B₁), 1:1 tomato to basil (T₁B₁), 1:2 tomato to basil 2 (T₁B₂), and a single basil plant (BC), were conducted using a randomized complete plot design with five treatments and three replication (a total 15 plots). Measurements were divided into growth, physiological responses, and productivity parameters, and detailed items were investigated and analyzed by classifying them into plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, root length, root collar caliper, chlorophyll contents, fresh weight, dry weight, number of fruit, fruit caliper, fruit weight, and sugar content. Comparative analyses of cherry tomato with basil plants by intercropping ratio, growth, physiological, and productivity responses are determined to be efficient when the ratio of cherry tomato to basil ratio is 2:1 or 1:1.

• 기록학연구
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• 제68호
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• pp.205-241
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• 2021

이 글은 '인류세(anthropocene)'라는 지구 환경 위기의 화두를 어떻게 기록학에 접목하고 생태 실천적 사유와 연결할 것인지를 모색한다. 환경 위기 상황을 일종의 아카이브 상수값으로 둔 기록학 논의를 독려하기 위하여, 이 연구는 생태주의에 입각한 기록학의 질적 전환 가능성을 타진한다. 이 글은 최근 서구 기록학 내 '그린 아카이브'에서 주장하는 친환경 기록관리의 개선책 마련 정도의 실용주의론을 넘어서고자 한다. 기록학과 생태주의적 패러다임을 이론적으로 접목하는 '생태 아카이브'라는 새로운 개념과 이의 인식론적 전환을 요청한다. 구체적으로는, 먼저 기록의 생태적 접근을 기록학 논의에서 발굴함과 동시에 최근 인류세 담론들이 강조하는 기록의 '생태주의적 전회(an ecological turn)'를 통해, 이 글이 강조하는 '생태 아카이브' 개념을 구체화한다. 이 연구는 '생태 아카이브'를 기록학의 보편적·이론적 프레임으로서 생태 '리빙' 아카이브를 구축하기 위한 기본 개념으로 삼는다. 즉 생태주의적 아카이브 구축을 위해, 이른바 기록 민주주의적 가치들, 즉 탈보관주의, 공동체 아카이브, 그리고 정서의 아카이브를 재해석하고 확장한다. 구체적으로, 인류세 비극의 중요한 현장이자 사례인 구제역 살처분 매몰지 기록을 통해서 생태 리빙 아카이브의 실제 적용의 방법론을 예시한다. 구제역 사례 분석은, 지구 생태전환에 조응하는 기록관리의 새로운 질적 전환을 모색함과 동시에 아키비스트와 생태 현장의 시민주체들이 공동으로 구성해나가는 생태 현장 실천의 기록화 작업을 함께 강조하기 위함이다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2021

최근에 상하수관로, 지역난방 열공급관로 등의 유지보수가 증가하면서, 도로절단기에 의한 도로절단 작업도 급증하고 있다. 이러한 도로절단 작업은 소음과 함께 분진(절단슬러지)을 많이 발생시키므로, 저소음, 분진회수 등 친환경적인 기술이 적용될 필요가 있다. 기존에 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 분진을 회수하는 장비가 개발된 사례가 있으나, 친환경성이 정량화되지 않았다는 한계가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소음 및 분진과 같은 환경위해요인의 발생원인을 근본적으로 제거할 수 있는 저소음·분진회수형 도로절단기를 개발하고, 이 절단기로 수행하는 도로절단작업 과정에 대한 친환경성을 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 진공장치와 슬러지흡입부로 구성된 수냉-슬러지회수 통합시스템을 개발하고, 개발된 시스템을 도로절단기에 적용하였다. 그리고 개발된 장비를 테스트 베드에 적용하고, 친환경성 관련 데이터를 수집하여, 친환경성을 평가하였다. 평가 결과, 개발된 장비의 절단슬러지 회수율은 83% 이상이었으며, 소음도는 82~83 dB, 음향파워레벨은 115 dB 수준이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 도로절단기를 개선하는 과정에서 절단슬러지 회수성능과 저소음 성능을 향상시키는 데에 기초자료로 활용될 예정이다.