• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of the environmental education system focusing on the knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to environmental education to the students in Mokpo middle school. The study is accomplished by the survey which includes a total of 268 inquiry lists sampled from four groups of the middle school, one of which composing of two middle schools having the environmental curriculum, hereafter referred as 'the case group' and the other group of two middle schools without the curriculum, hereafter referred as the 'the control group'. From the results of the average scores on the environmental knowledge, attitude and practice between the two groups, the case group showed better knowledge scores than the control group (p<0.05). The case group with environmental education were relatively high to the control group without environmental education to the attitude(p<0.05), and did not showed signifiant differences in the environmental practice. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the factor affecting the environmental knowledges was the interest in the environment problems ($R^2=0.130$), economic status, academic achievement and the necessity of environment conservations in order. The factor most affecting to environmental attitude and practice were the interest in environmental problems of the parents.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.28
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• pp.12.1-12.5
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• 2013

Objectives The role of genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) for lung cancer development was evaluated. Methods Genotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms, -1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, were determined in 616 lung cancer cases and 616 lung cancer-free controls. Results After adjusting for body mass index and smoking, each TNF-${\alpha}$ genotype or haplotype composed of five TNF-${\alpha}$ single nucleotide polymorphisms did not show an association with lung cancer risk (p>0.05). The statistical power was found to be 88.4%, 89.3%, 93.3%, 69.7%, and 93.9% for 1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of each SNP or haplotype on lung cancer risk were not found to be different according to the cell type of lung cancer (p>0.05). In the repeated analysis with only subjects without other diseases related to inflammation, there was also no association between polymorphisms or haplotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk (p>0.05). Conclusions This study found no association between common variants of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.71-76
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• 2013

We analyzed the introduction factor of ASP-based information system on the order of importance using AHP techniques. We classified the introduction factors from previous studies into three categories : Organizational factors revealed organizational factors to be of highest importance, followed by environmental and Quality factors. The analysis on both primary and secondary hierarchical factors revealed CEO support as the most important, followed by IT capability, provider reliability, and cost-cutting expectation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2023

This study compares and analyzes changes in users' perceptions of industrial catering food service quality before and after COVID-19. The survey enrolled 226 subjects at five industrial catering establishments in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province; a total of 204 customers with complete data were included in the final analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to verify convergence validity and construct reliability; results pertaining to 'service and environmental hygiene' and 'quality of food' were extracted. Among the general variables of food service quality, differences were obtained in the user's perceptions of food service qualities according to gender, education, and marital status. Our results revealed that women, low education, and married people perceived significant differences in all attributes before and after COVID-19. Additionally, varied altered perceptions were determined for service quality according to the occupations of the subjects. However, no differences were obtained for pleasant dining environment in the 'service and environmental hygiene factor' and variety of desserts in the 'food quality factor'.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Generally, slope behavior is analyzed by 2-dimensional creep model. Creep behavior shows the deformation variation as time goes by without stress increment. Convention 2-dimensional creep analysis does not have the term of stress variation, it means creep analysis could not figure out the relationship of shear strength variation according to the stress variation and displacement. The slope weight and shear strength is directly related and interlocked to the safety variation and displacement of slope, therefore, this phenomenon could be treated and analyzed as combining the hysteresis and creep, the iteration of this process will result in the slope safety. Furthermore, the combined analysis will be the slope analysis considering shear stress, displacement and shear strength with time variation. In real case, because the variation of shear stress and strength happen at the same time, they should be changed into safety factor which is function of them. This paper shows the 3-dimensional variation of unit weight of soil with hybrid analysis considering creep and hysteresis on the seepage and drainage of rainfall, futhermore variations of shear stress and strength which make the safety factor change.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.249-260
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• 2015

The changes in thermodynamic and dynamic aspects on near (2025~2049) and long-term (2075~2099) future climate changes between the historical run (1979~2005) and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run with 20 coupled models which employed in the phase five of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) over East Asia (EA) and the Korean Peninsula are investigated as an extended study for Moon et al. (2014) study noted that the 20 models' multi-model ensemble (MME) and best five models' multi-model ensemble (B5MME) have a different increasing trend of precipitation during the boreal winter and summer, in spite of a similar increasing trend of surface air temperature, especially over the Korean Peninsula. Comparing the MME and B5MME, the dynamic factor (the convergence of mean moisture by anomalous wind) and the thermodynamic factor (the convergence of anomalous moisture by mean wind) in terms of moisture flux convergence are analyzed. As a result, the dynamic factor causes the lower increasing trend of precipitation in B5MME than the MME during the boreal winter and summer over EA. However, over the Korean Peninsula, the dynamic factor causes the lower increasing trend of precipitation in B5MME than the MME during the boreal winter, whereas the thermodynamic factor causes the higher increasing trend of precipitation in B5MME than the MME during the boreal summer. Therefore, it can be noted that the difference between MME and B5MME on the change in precipitation is affected by dynamic (thermodynamic) factor during the boreal winter (summer) over the Korean Peninsula.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

This study conducted an evaluation of the streetscape improvement project of the Gwangbok Street through analysis of visual and perceptual characteristics by comparing selected pictures of streetscape before and after the project. This work has conducted an analysis of the environmental factors which influence subjects' satisfaction degrees including physical street equipments and street view factors which are main contents of this project. Using a satisfaction analysis and factor analysis, each factor's significance was verified quantitatively. As a result of the analysis, physical components of the streetscape were classified into 4 types according to project's effectiveness and improvement priorities. These 4 types include (1) Components for maintenance because of higher satisfaction and higher importance, (2) Components for improvement because of lower satisfaction and higher importance, (3) Components for good business fruits because of higher satisfaction and lower importance, and (4) Components for unnecessity because of lower satisfaction and lower importance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.181-205
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop a job-stress scale for librarians who work in university libraries. The study was first conducted by analyzing existing representative job-stress scales that are used domestically and internationally. To understand the characteristic of particular job stress that academic librarians have, the in-depth interview among qualitative research methods was selected, and 15 librarians who work at a 4-year system university libraries participated in this study. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, the reliability and validity were verified. To analyze the validity, exploratory factor analysis was carried out. To extract factors, principal component analysis was used. To extract factors, principal component analysis was used. For the rotation method, a varimax rotation was applied. A tertiary measurement tool with a total of 46 questions for 11 factors was developed after removing measurement questions that were rejected as a result of the analysis. As a result of factor analysis on the tertiary measurement tool, 11 factors were extracted. Those 11 factors include 'peer relation conflict factor(factor 1)', 'superior-subordinate relation conflict factor (factor 2)', 'work compensation evaluation factor(factor 3)', 'emotional labor factor(factor 4)', 'physical environmental factor(factor 5)', 'employment stability(factor 6)', 'job demand factor(psychological) (factor 7)', 'decision-making and responsibility factor(factor 8)', 'work complexity factor(factor 9)', 'work boundary conflict factor(factor 10)', and 'job demand factor(physical)(factor 11)'.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate climax index by eco-morphology for major 36 tree and sub-tree species in natural deciduous forests so as to interpret seral position of each species in the forest community. Fourteen eco-morphological characters which were considered to be associated with successional gradient in the forest were selected for the study. Four levels per character for each species were given on a standardized scale of increasing climax, and the index was computed by the proportion of the sum of total scores, expressed by percent values. With calculated mean value of 54.8 for all indices, Carpinus cordata had the highest index value of 90.5, and Populus davidiana recorded the lowest of 13.2. The most climax group, greater than 70 of the index, contained only 8 species, intermediate group, between 41 to 70 of the index, had 23 species, and the most pioneer group, less than 40 of the index comprised 5 species. The result has noticed that the large number of species would take advantage of most diverse resource and niche in the intermediate stage of the sere in the forest. By cluster analysis all 36 species were subjected to be classified into several species groups which had common similar eco-morphological characteristics. The indices were additionally plotted on the two dimensional graph to recognize the positions related to the light absorption factor and reproduction factor. The climax index of tree and sub-tree species developed by this study could be applied to understand the present status of successional stage on the basis of species composition by the method of summing up the indices. And comparison of forest successional stage among various forest communities could be done by summing up the climax indices of composed species in each community. However, this kind of applied methodology should be limited to the forest of similar species composition and site condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.207-225
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• 2013

Current ecological stream restoration is focusing on recovery of physical characteristic and ecological functions of individual stream. For effective stream restoration, the relationship between stream environment and riparian flora should be investigated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between disturbance of hydromorphological structures and naturalized plants ratio in small to mid-sized streams. For the study sites, Gwanpyeong stream, Dongdal stream, and Yongchoo streams were chosen as 'reference stream' while, Gunnam stream, Anchang stream, and Hwa stream were chosen as 'damaged stream'. The hydromorphological structures of streams were evaluated with LAWA and flora of the streams were completely enumerated to calculate naturalized plants ratio. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between the outcome of LAWA and naturalized plants ratio(r=0.675, p<0.01). The result of factor analysis of LAWA identified three factors, 'River front and land use', 'River bed materials and structures', and 'Crossing structure and bar'. Among the factors of hydromorphological structures given by the result of factor analysis, 'river front and land use' and 'bed materials and structures' have statistically significant relationship with naturalized plants ratio($R^2$=0.470, p<0.01). Given this results, quantitative analysis on the relationship between disturbance of hydromorphological structures of streams and naturalized plants ratio could provide some essential information for stream restoration. Also, as this study figured out major factors of hydromorphological structures that affect naturalized plants ratio, it might help monitor ecological states and current problems of small and mid-sized streams.