• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

With environmental pollution becoming a serious problem, recently there has been increased interest in the environment and health. In addition, the development of materials for environmentally friendly and functional clothing has increased. Environmentally friendly products that use bark fibers of the mulberry(dak) tree are expressed in terms of dak fiber and Hanji yarn. This research analyzed consumer's perceived images of Hanji and Hanji yarn infant clothing. The research results are as follows. Based on analyzing images of Hanji and Hanji yarn, Hanji was categorized into four images that can be described as natural, pure, decorative, and functional, and Hanji yarn infant clothing was categorized into three images that can be described as natural, decorative, and functional. Based on the analysis of well-being elements in subjects' lifestyles, the following four inclinations were found: environmental friendliness, pursuit of novelty, life care, and environmental protection. On this basis, the subjects were categorized into three groups: the trend-pursuing group, the life-care group, and the social responsibility group. Subjects' perceived images of Hanji and Hanji yarn infant clothing were investigated, and these products were found to have a strong image of being Korean, traditional, and natural, while being weakly perceived as comfortable, functional, and practical. Analyzing the correlation between images of Hanji and Hanji yarn infant clothing and lifestyle groups revealed that these products were not perceived differently according to group. This study showed that Hanji and Hanji yarn are terms that are commonly associated with positive clothing material. However, both Hanji and Hanji yarn are perceived negatively in terms of functional image, which is an important factor in clothing material. In addition, even among consumers who pursue a lifestyle based on well-being, the functional image of Hanji yarn was not perceived highly. Hence, it is necessary to further examine the effect of terms such as Hanji and Hanji yarn on consumer choices. Therefore, caution is considered needed when using such terms in the marketing of related products.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2014

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or second hand smoke or passive smoking has become a well-known risk factor for various health hazards in nonsmoking adults as well as active smokers. In Korea, there have been few studies concerning about the impact of ETS on periodontal health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to passive smoking and prevalence of periodontitis using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2008 and 2009. The Fourth KNHANES data was employed from 2008~2009. The final sample size was 4,669 adults aged over 18 years, who were never-smoker and had the information about ETS both at home and in the workplace, urine analysis and periodontal examination by Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Periodontitis was defined as CPI codes ${\geq}3$. Data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0. The sociodemographic and behavioral factors were adjusted as confounders. Overall, 17.1% (male 16.4%, female 83.6%) of the participants were exposed to ETS. The mean concentration of cotinine in those exposed ETS was significantly higher than that in unexposed people ($46.92{\mu}g/ml$ versus $19.34{\mu}g/ml$, p<0.001). Participants exposed to ETS were more likely to have periodontitis than those unexposed after adjusting for potential confounding variables. ETS is associated with the prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults. This may suggest that patients with periodontitis or periodontal surgery should be protected from smokers or smoking places.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of major soil types in Korea, and to assess the ability to predict soil distribution using environmental variables. A classification tree method was used to assess soil predictability. While the great soil groups can give more intuitive understandings on their spatial distributions, its predictability using environmental factors is much lower than that of the great groups. The most important factor to determine the spatial distribution of major soil types is the geomorphological characteristic of Korea that shows distinctive morphological difference between mountains and plains. Spatial distribution of climatic variables and catenary soil sequence along slopes play additional roles in determining the distribution of soil types. The classification tree models resulted in 35-75% of prediction accuracy, depends on the combination of different environmental variables brought in the models. While geomorphological variables are the best predictors for the great groups, climatic variables perform better for the great soil groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

In order to asses gas production behavior for $CO_2$ ECBM, the sorption charcteristics on coal are considered to be a key factor. In this study, we have investigated the change of the sorption rate of adsorbed gas as a function of pressure and temperature below the appropriate depth for $CO_2$-ECBM. The experiment were carried out under four different temperatures varying from $15^{\circ}C$ to $45^{\circ}C$, while the coal pressure was varied from atmosphere to 1,400 psi for every temperature. From this results, the sorption rate both $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ increased with increasing the coal pressure. Otherwise, the sorption rate both $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ decreased linearly as the coal temperature increased. From the sensitivity studies on pressure and temperature change, it was experimentally identified that $CO_2$ sequestration rate and $CH_4$ production rate are better at deeper depths below a depth of 800 m in coal seams. However, the results showed continued decline in the increasing ratio of ECBM with formation depth.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.877-887
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• 2020

A 3-Dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was applied to evaluate the effects of weir gate operations on water quality and harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurrences at selected locations in the Nakdong River, Geum River, and Yeongsan River. For the Geum River and Yeongsan River, when the gates are left open, annual and summer Chl-a and HABs were decreased at upstream locations, Sejong Weir and Seungchon Weir, but summer average concentrations of Chl-a and HABs were increased at downstream locations, Baekje Weir and Juksan Weir. For the open scenario, the reduced hydraulic residence time in the upper stream areas of the Geum River and Yeongsan River would allow less available time for nutrient consumption that would result in higher dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations followed by higher algal growth in the downstream areas. However, in the case of the Nakdong River, both annual and summer Chl-a and HABs were increased in all locations for the open scenario. This condition seems to be resulted in due to increased light availability by reduced water depths. Changes in Chl-a and HABs occurrences due to the water gate control in the study sites are different due to differences in physical, chemical, and biological conditions in each location.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2011

High salinity is a common stress condition that adversely affects plant growth and crop production. In response to various environmental stresses, plants activate a number of defense genes that function to increase the tolerance. To isolate Arabidopsis genes that are involved in abiotic stress responses, we carried out genetic screening using various mutant lines. Among them, the blh8 ($\b{B}$EL1-$\b{L}$ike $\b{H}$omeodomain $\underline{8}$) mutant specifically shows chlorotic phenotypes to ionic (specifically, $Na^+$ and $K^+$) stresses, but no differences in root growth. In addition, BLH8 is related to plant development and abiotic stress as predicted by a Graphical Gaussian Model (GGM) network program. It implies that BLH8 functions as a putative transcription factor related to abiotic stress responses. Collectively, our results show that gene network analysis is a useful tool for isolating genes involved in stress adaptation in plants.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.523-537
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• 2001

The physical properties of pH, turbidity, TDS and salt contents in the stream water near the entrance of Woonjcongdong sanitary landfill area with a drainage pipe are higher than those in neighbored drainage system, but DO it lower than that in neighbored drainage system blue to the eutrophication. In the ground water, pH, turbidity, TDS and salt contents at A ,F and C where may be under effect of the Woonjeongdong sanitary landfill area, are also shown higher values in contrast to other groundwater site, like B , D , and E , Particularly, the groundwater in A , F and C are plotted in Na-Cl type (If the piper diagram, which is an another important prolf of the contaminapion by the leachate and washing water from the Woonjeongdong sanitary landfill area. Some elements and physical properties of the waters in rainy season are desplayed a clear characteristics of contaminaton, compared to the theose of winter in thes study. Elements such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl­,$SO_4^{2-} , \;and \;F­^-$) are accompanied well with each other by the result of water in the vicinity of landfillarea.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.400-408
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• 2003

Chloride ion inside concrete destroys the so-called passive film surrounding reinforcing bars inside concrete so that the so-called salt attack accelerates corrosion which is the most critical factor for durability as well as structural safety of reinforced concrete structures. Recently, as a solution of the salt attack, the ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBFS) have been used as binder or blended cement more extensively. In this paper, characteristics of chloride ion diffusion for the GGBFS concrete, which is known to possess better resistance to damage due to the chloride ion penetration than ordinary portland cement(OPC) concrete possesses, are analyzed and a chloride ion diffusion model for the GGBFS concrete is proposed by modifying an existing diffusion model for the OPC concrete. The proposed model is verified by comparing diffusion analysis results using the model accelerated chloride penetration test results for concrete specimens as well as field test results for an RC bridge pier. Then, an optimal resistance condition to chloride penetration for the GGBFS concrete is obtained according to degrees of fineness and replacement ratios of the GGBFS concrete. The result shows that the GGBFS concrete has better resistance to chloride ion penetration than OPC concrete has and the resistance is more affected by the replacement ratio than the degree of fineness of the GGBFS.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

Empirical seismic displacement equations based on the Newmark sliding block method are widely used to develop seismic landslide hazard map. Most proposed equations have been developed for embankments and landfills, and do not consider the dynamic response of sliding block. Therefore, they cannot be applied to Korean mountain slopes composed of thin, uniform soil-layer underlain by an inclined bedrock parallel to the slope. In this paper, a series of two-dimensional dynamic nonlinear finite difference analyses were performed to estimate the permanent seismic slope displacement. The seismic displacement of mountain slopes was calculated using the Newmark method and the equivalent acceleration time history. The calculated seismic displacements of the mountain slopes were compared to a widely used empirical displacement model. We show that the displacement prediction is significantly enhanced if the slope is modeled as a flexible sliding mass and the amplification characteristics are accounted for. Regression equation, which uses PGA, PGV, Arias intensity of the ground motion and the fundamental period of soil layer, is shown to provide a reliable estimate of the sliding displacement. Furthermore, the empirical equation is shown to reliably predict the hazard category.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

Environmental Enrichment (EE) alone is not capable of enhancing the fine digit and the forelimb functions. Therefore, we applied modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) under the influence of EE to assess its effect on promoting improved forelimb sensorimotor functions. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (60 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Before MCAO induction, all rats were trained in modified limb placing tests and reaching tasks for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: application of standard environment (SE) after MCAO induction (n=20), Group II: application of EE after MCAO induction (n=20), Group III: MCAO+EE, mCIMT and task-oriented training that was initiated at 10th day after MCAO induction (n=20). We also applied mCIMT (between 9 AM and 5 PM/daily) which included restraining the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion using the 'Jones & Schallert' method. We assessed the change of modified limb placing, single pellet reaching test and the immunoreactivity of BDNF by immunohistochemistry (pre, 1st, 5th, 10th and 20th day). Group I showed no improved outcome, whereas group II and III significantly improved on the use of the forelimb and the immunoreactivity. The qualitative analysis of the skilled reaching test, of group III showed the greatest improvement in the fine digit and the forelimb function. These results suggest that EE combined with mCIMT is more functional in promoting enhanced fine digit and forelimb functional movements.