• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2010

In this study, the wastewater-based reference material (RM) was prepared and certified for 7 trace metal elements with evaluation of uncertainties. The RM was distributed to 25 laboratories for the interlaboratory comparison testing. The certified values and expanded uncertainties were derived using ISO guideline 35 and the standard uncertainties for homogenieties were 0.43~2.67% of certified values. The analytical results from the interlaboratory comparison testing showed normal distributions and the robust means from the interlaboratory comparison testing were higher than the certified values of the RM for all analytes.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for rapid detection of elemental compositions of various materials in multi-media (solid, liquid, gas, and aerosols). In this study, the aerosol-LIBS has been developed for real-time monitoring of process-induced particles produced during the semiconductor manufacturing. The developed aerosol-LIBS mainly consists of laser, optics, spectrometer, and aerosol chamber. A new aerosol chamber was constructed for the aerosol-LIBS to be applied for various semiconductor manufacturing process, including exhaust tubes, and low pressure and high temperature chamber. The aerosol-LIBS was evaluated by using laboratory generated aerosols for detection of various elements. As a result, P, Fe, Mg, Cu, Co, Ni, Ca, Na, and K emission lines were successfully detected by the aerosol-LIBS. Further evaluation of the aerosol-LIBS is being conducted.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.865-873
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement plan for the practical evaluation method used to determine the national technical qualification in field of flower design to improve its development. First, an advisory committee was formed, after which comparisons, an analyses and matching were conducted of the currently used national technical qualifications and competency units and the competency unit elements of the National Competency Standards in an effort to strength practical skills and industrial field abilities in the field of flower design. Second, we visited an industrial site to understand the practical and technical aspects as well as the facilities and equipment used in the flower design field. The status of workers in the industrial field in the field of flower design was then analyzed. Through this process, practical examination questions were developed for improve the evaluation method. In addition, to ensure a properly configured result, a pilot test was conducted involving those majoring in the field of flower design. To investigate the feasibility of the developed exam, a survey focusing on targets related to flower design was conducted. Based on the results, by suggesting an improvement plan for the practical evaluation method of national technical qualifications in the field of flower design, it is possible to improve knowledge, technical aspects, and literacy, allowing us to train outstanding technical professionals. In the end, this study can be expected to contribute to the improvement of the flower design industry.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

This study aims to present and develop 'teacher professional model and standards of assessing students in environmental education for sustainability'. To achieve the purpose, this study was progressed in the following stages. First, based on the results of purposes and objectives developing in environmental education, the concept and components of environmental literacy, which are utilized in environmental education as a means of creating sustainable education were analyzed. Second, the qualities, which environmental teacher should have as an expert were identified through a process of researching literature and professional meeting. Based on the result, the categories and elements of the qualities which an environmental teacher should be have in order to provide expert evaluation of students in their environmental classes were extracted and teacher professional model assessing students was developed. Third, based on the above teacher professional assessing model, standards of assessing in environmental education for sustainability were established. Fourth, based on the teacher professional model and standards of assessing students in environmental education, assessing items corresponding to components of environmental literacy were presented. By presenting and developing 'teacher professional model and standards of assessing students in environmental education for sustainability' in this study, we expect that the model and standards can support to improve school teachers' assessing professionalism in selecting assessing methods, designing assessing process, and analyzing and applying the results of the assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.112-122
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• 2009

Payment of Forest Landscape Service (PFLS) is based on the value of landscape conservation and is a positive forest policy inducing the owners of mountains to improve environmental service quality with economic incentives. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of PFLS and find out the elements related to PFLS such as associated statutes, target applications, eligible owner's requirements, and applicable environmental services. Research sites were selected in designated reserved forests by law and surveys were carried out with 28 professional forestry engineers and 10 owners of reserved forests located in Chungnam Province in November, 2008. As a result, the owners are willing to participate pilot-project of PFLS if they could have tax incentives. Preferred activities in their forestry are eco-tourism and carbon emission trading as PFLS business model. Although they expect low economic benefit from the PFLS, respondents answered introducing PFLS will give good opportunities for owners of a reserved forest to enhance willingness to manage their forestry properly for the landscape conservation. In this study, PFLS evaluation indicators and policy directions are established and recommends the strategies to cope with changing needs of forestry conservation by inducing the owners' active participation in the sustainable forest landscape management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

This study was intended to develop and suggest 'residents-driven and citizen-participatory restoration procedures' for degraded ecosystems in BaigDooDaeGahn. With some concerns of current engineering-focused restoration approach for damaged ecosystem, the proposed procedures were designed based on the analysis of several case studies on citizen participatory projects such as the Habitat Movement, the Taean tidal wetland restoration effort in Korea, and some historical and innovative cases in Japan and the United States. The suggested procedures were considered to be a dialectical spiral model which was consisted of two goal axis, six system elements, four developmental stages, and five restoration steps. The new system and procedures were applied to damaged farmland areas (about 0.3 ha) on the top of BaigDooDaeGahn, Kangneung city with participation of more than 100 local residents and a dozen of citizen from Seoul. Both high level of possibilities and some barriers for future extended application were identified and adopted for the final version of the proposed procedures for ecological restoration.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.451-477
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• 2006

At the "Dissemination Stage", the newly configured technical design is compared with other alternatives to come up with the most desirable selection. The assessment conducted at this stage is not a simple procedure. It goes through the complex evaluation process in which various elements including economic effects and technical characteristics are considered. The reason for taking such a complex procedure is that the assessment, selection and application of the desirable technical alternative is critical for the company's competitive edge in every field of industrial sectors, thus influencing its survival and continuous growth. This study reviews the MAUT method for assessing technical alternatives of the thermal supply system design. And, to show the practical validity of the MAUT method, it is applied to the evaluation of thermal supply system alternatives in the field of energy supply system technology.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

This study aims at analyzing the therapeutic design characteristics implemented in the indoor atriums of the outpatient areas in four children's hospitals in London and San Francisco. A mixed-method approach was used to examine the spatial configurations and design elements in the atriums, while a literature review was conducted to understand the therapeutic design characteristics relevant to atrium spaces and children's healthcare facilities. The spatial design and the pattern of use of the atrium in each hospital were studied during field visits and interviews with the hospital management staff. Based on the literature review and the observations from the field study, a Visibility Graphic Analysis was chosen to examine the visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility of the spatial configurations in the atriums of each hospital. In addition, the openness, restfulness, and vibrant ambience of the design elements in the atriums of each hospital were investigated by surveying fifty-two design professionals on the quality of the design elements in the atriums. A spatial configuration analysis, confirmed that all the atrium spaces had high visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility due to their high connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and because the atriums were laid out in the open lobby space, along the major circulation axis, or in the circulation intersection. In the survey of the design element evaluation, all atriums proved to be appropriate in terms of openness, while the adequacy of restfulness and vibrant ambience differed depending on the hospitals. Notably, location and orientation, access, natural light, outdoor view, and play facilities were found significant environmental design elements determining the successful implementation of the therapeutic design in the atriums. The observations from the aforementioned are further discussed to enhance the therapeutic design quality of atrium spaces in children's hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.62-72
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for environmental resource planning through the evaluation of the visual quality by GIS. For this, Landscape information system have been made up of topographical and superficial information and landscape values of Cheju Island have been evaluated by using Grass 4.1, degree of visual preferences have been measured mainly by questionnaires and finally these data have been analyzed by using the correlation. Result of this study can be summarized as fellows, in the landscape value, remarkable views play a role as the dominant landscape information. Also, LCPs including various, successive view or a lot of visibility amount have high Landscape value. Therefore, it is important to management landscape which can preserve values of landscape elements through the creation of visibility area. In the visual preference, remarkable scenes play a part as a dominant factor. Also, LCPs including a wide field of vision or successive view have high visual preference. Therefore, it is proved that the visual preference is related to a field of vision and remarkable scenes. Finally, these data have been analyzed by using the regression, in order to verify the method. The result is that a R\sup 2\ is 0.715. It means that correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. In conclusion, the results of this study reveal that visual preference has been evaluated by aesthetic variables and landscape values have been evaluated by GIS. And visual preference and landscape values are closely correlated. In other words, it is possible to evaluate the aesthetic value by physical variable. The method of evaluationi is used in Cheju Island, and it will be possible to apply this method to other places. And this method can be applied to other places by special quality and landscape informatioin system, made up of landscape elements. Also, it will be possible to keep up management and applicatioin that is evaluated by GIS and computer program. Recently, there is a tendency tat visual and aesthetic approach, based on planners' experiences and intuitioin is gradually changed to the scientific approach, based on a objective data. Therefore, it is important that the measuring system is based on objective data which are concerned with a special quality of landscape. It is also significant that the environmental planning is based on a spatial image of physical environment and major landscape elements.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of literature related to environmentally friendly for a village-focused green index. In order to make an assessment, keywords relating to green architecture were selected: environmental friendliness, ecology, sustainable, Noksaek (Green in Korean), green, and environmentally friendly. In addition, three keywords defining the scope of space were also selected: building, village, and city. Quantitative changes and contents of articles containing the keywords were analyzed. The result is as follows. First, 'sustainable' and 'ecology' were the terms most frequently used as parts of subjects and titles, respectively. Second, the studies relating to green architecture focused on villages mostly examine the actual conditions of the villages; criteria for environmental friendliness, analyses and evaluation of the environmentally friendly features of the village; and ways to establish a green, ecological, and sustainable village. Finally, when it came to establishing a village-focused green index, the environment, resources, and energy are shown to be very important elements. In addition, the term 'ecology' in a green index is shown to be significant for the management of the natural environment.