• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2012

The increasing consumption of pseudo-petroleum products (PPP) has been disturbing the national petroleum market. The use of PPP lead to tax evasion, disturbance of sound trading principles, component corrosion of cars, and explosion accident. Also, PPP have emitted hazardous air pollutants (HAP) including the carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs and aldehydes more than regular-petroleum products. It thus has potentials to cause many environmental and health care problems. In this study, benzene, toluene and xylene emissions from road transport vehicles due to the use of pseudo-gasoline are estimated for the year 2008. The results of our study provide emission estimates of benzene, toluene and xylene for the year as 405, 1,711, 717 tonne/yr, respectively for regular-gasoline. BTX emissions are calculated as 452~515, 1,882~2,264 and 732~752 tonne/yr when the amount of pseudo-gasoline is estimated to account for 6~13% for regular-gasoline consumption. BTX emissions increased as much as 12~27, 10~32, 2~5% by using pseudo-gasoline. It is found that the pseudo-gasoline should be the key component to produce HAP in urban area.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.304-317
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• 2020

금남호남·호남정맥 마루금 일대 식생구조를 알기 위해 입지환경과 인위적 영향을 고려해 금남호남정맥 2곳, 호남정맥 4곳을 중점조사지로 골라 식생조사를 실시했다. TWINSPAN을 써서 두 정맥은 각각 7개씩의 식물군락으로 유형화됐다. TWINSPAN기법의 식별종은 식물군락의 환경요인을 간접적으로 대변하는데 두 정맥의 군락 유형은 해발고, 토양수분, 교란 등의 환경요인에 의해 분할됐다. 이 결과는 DCA 1축의 환경요인과 조화를 이루었다. 두 정맥은 모두 저지대에선 리기다소나무, 곰솔 등의 조림수종과 자생종이 서로 경쟁 관계에 있었다. 이처럼 정맥의 저지대는 조림, 개발사업 등으로 인위적 식생교란이 심한 편이었다. 상대적으로 고지대의 능선부·상부사면·정상부는 신갈나무·굴참나무·소나무가 우점하는 식생유형이 양호하게 보전됐다. 차이점으론 금남호남정맥은 호남정맥보다 해발고와 위도가 높아 신갈나무우점군락이 가장 넓게 분포했다. 반면, 호남정맥은 신갈나무와 함께 소나무우점군락이었고, 남해안에 인접해 있어 곰솔우점군락이 출현했다는 점이다. TWINSPAN과 DCA 등의 정량적 식생분석에선 종조성 변화와 그 변화를 일으키는 환경요인 추출이 중요하다. 이를 위해선 우연 출현종 제거와 환경요인을 상정한 조사계획 수립, 조사데이터의 특성에 부합한 최적의 분석기법 선택 등이 필요하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2024

This study aimed to figure out diel activity patterns of water deer and wild boar, whose habitat is disturbed by human activity in a suburban area. Photographic data of water deer and wild boar collected by 18 camera traps from January 2021 to November 2022 was categorized into four diel periods (dawn, day, dusk, and night), and converted into frequencies per 100 CTD (Camera Trap-Days) for seasonal and spatial diel activity pattern analysis. Water deer exhibited intense nocturnality in fall, and wild boar did in fall and winter. During the fall, water deer's night-time capture rate was the highest (61.9%), and day-time photographic rate was the lowest (13.9%) among other seasons. During the fall and winter, wild boar's night-time photographic rate was relatively high (77.6%, 78.0%, respectively), and day-time photographic rate was relatively low (0.7%, 1.8%) in comparison with other seasons. In spatial diel activity analysis, both water deer and wild boar showed a tendency to avoid humans, especially near trails during day-time hours. The day-time photographic rate of water deer in trail-near group was 12.1% and trail-far group was 24.6%. The day-time photographic rate of wild boar was 3.4%, 5.7%, respectively. Because the diel activity patterns of wildlife reflect human disturbance, this study provides useful ecological information for developing appropriate management plans for the coexistence of water deer and wild boar in suburban areas.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

고마리의 24개 지역집단으로부터 PCR을 통한 RAPD 분석을 실시하였다. PCR을 통해 증폭된 RAPD절편들은 200-1, 900bp 사이의 구간에서 관찰되었다. 총 16개의 oligoprimer를 이용한 효소중합반응에서 184개의 유효한 polymorphic band markers를 확인하였다. RAPD 분석결과를 기초로 UPGMA 방법에 의한 유집분석을 수행한 결과, 고마리 개체군은 교란형 하천(도시하천, 농촌하천)과 자연적 수환경으로 유집되었고, 교란형 하천 보다 자연적 수환경의 고마리 개체군끼리 유전적 유연관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자연적 수환경과 교란형 하천에 생육하는 고마리 개체군간에 뚜렷한 유전적 한계를 나타내어 이들 사이의 유전적 이질성이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 1993

Structure and dynamics of Abies koreana community in Mt. Gaya were studied to provide the basic data for conservation of Abies koreana community, an endemic species in Korea. A. koreana community of this study site was composed of tree layer (4~7m), subtree layer (2~4m), shrub layer (1~2m), and herb layer (below 1m). The heights of tree and subtree layers were low. Floristic composition showed that this study site was subalpine and dry site. In frequency distribution diagram of diameter classes of major species consisting of A. koreana community, those of both A. koreana and other species showed reverse J-shaped types. From these results, it was estimated that A. koreana community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable climax state like present state. In the spatal distribution diagram of major species, saplings of A. koreana were established under the canopy of A. koreana and Pinus koraiensis and under the dead tree of A. koreana. From these results, it was known that A. koreana saplings were recruited before the community was disturbed and regeneration was accomplished by advance regeneration pattern, in which these saplings established before occurrence of disturbance fill with open site originated from death of mature tree. Growth of annual rings was variable among individuals, it was estimated that such variation was originated in that growth of each individual relates to microclimatic conditions rather than macroclimatic ones. Ecological longevity of A. koreana in this study site estimated by disturbance types and age of dead trees was about 120 years.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

The effects of pharmacist's intervention for asthma patients using self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate in medication teaching model was evaluated for 3 months in improving clinical outcomes including emergency visits, hospitalizations, antibiotics use, symptoms and sleep disturbance. Twenty seven patients were enrolled in study and twenty three patients completed the follow-up schedules. The selected patients were given the pre-designed instruction for medication including appropriate use of medication, metered-dose inhaler(MDI) technique, identifying and controling asthma triggers and recognizing early signs of deterioration. There were significant improvements in clinical outcomes, in terms of emergency visits, hopitalizations, antibiotics use, symptoms and sleep disturbance. There were also significant improvements in the MDI use, environmental control, and medication knowledges. There was a progressive increase in peak expiratory flow rate during the three-month intervention. In conclusion, pharmacist's intervention using self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate has a significant impact on improving clinical outcomes in asthma patients.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

최근 쓰레기 매립장에 널리 사용되고 있는 토목섬유는 흙과의 접촉면에서 대변형 거동 및 변형율 연화 등의 전단거동 특성을 보이는데, 이는 토목섬유-흙 접촉면에서 함수비, 연직응력, 화학적 요소의 영향 등 고유물성에 기인한다. 본 연구에서는 침출수 내의 산성 및 염기성과 같은 성분의 영향이 진동하중 상태에서 토목섬유-흙 접촉면의 전단강도 감소에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 이미 구축된 다기능 접촉면 시험기(M-PIA)를 수정 제작하고 200일간 수침시킨 토목섬유와 흙 시료를 이용하여 진동 직접전단시험을 수행하였고, 그 결과 교란상태개념에 기초하여 화학적 인자들에 의한 토목섬유-흙 접촉면의 화학적 전단강도 감소 특성을 교란도 함수로써 확인하였다. 또한 전계방출주사현미경(FIB)을 이용하여 화학적 인자에 따른 흙입자 및 접촉면 손상의 차이를 확인하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2017

본 연구는 부산시의 대표적인 도시하천인 온천천에서 가뭄 및 집중호우 등 환경적 교란이 수질 및 부착규조류 군집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 2013년~2014년 2년간 연구를 수행하였다. 긴 갈수기였던 2013년 4분기~2014년 1분기와 2014년 3분기에 강한 집중 호우 사이에 급격한 하천 수질 변화를 보였다. 부착규조류는 비교적 짧은 유하거리에 비해 도심화 정도에 따라 상류에서 하류까지 뚜렷하게 군집 구조 변화를 보였으나 긴 가뭄기간 동안 감소된 유량은 종조성에 영향을 주어 Cocconeis placentula var. lineata에서 Gomphonema clevei이 우점종으로 바뀌고 Gomphonema 속 등 주요 분포 종으로 조사되었다. 갈수기 이후 강한 강우로 부착규조류의 종조성보다 생물량이 급격하게 감소되었고 이는 국지적 기후 변화로 수생태계 구조와 기능에 많은 영향이 생김을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 기후 변화에 의한 도시기후의 이상현상과 도시하천의 수질 및 부착규조류의 분포 특성 연구는 도시하천 생태계 특성과 변화 연구에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대하며 국지적인 환경변화에 대응하는 도시하천의 유지관리 방안을 찾는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.355-370
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• 1989

Igneous rocks of study area consist of Pre-Cambrian orthogneiss, Devonian granite, Triassic foliated granites and Jurassic granites distributed along the southeast margin of Ogcheon Geosynclinal belt(SE-zone), and irregular shaped granitic stocks in the central part of the belt(C-zone). Anorthosite and gaabbro are also present in southern part of the SE-zone in the belt and intruded into gneiss complex of Ryongnam massif. Distribuition of foliated granites shows three linear arrangements which are composed of hornblende-biotite foliated granodiorite, porphyritic foliated granodiorite, biotite foliated granodiorite, leuco foliated granite and two mica foliated granite. Foliated granites generated by dextral strike slip movement at deep level. Jurassic granites composed of several rock facies are considered to be formed by differentiation of magma during Daebo Orogeny. A general trend of the chemical composition of these igneous rocks in study area suggests that most of them corresponding to calc-alkaline rock series was affected under orogeny and I-type granite except for two mica foliated granite. In chondrite normalised REE pattern of these igneous rocks, LREE shows more variable range and strong (-)Eu anomaly than HREE. Geochronological episodes of igneous activity from early Proterozoic to Cretaceous in SE-zone of Ogcheon Geosynclinal belt are two more Pre-Cambrian Orogeny, Devonian Orogeny(Variscan), Songrim Disturbance, Daebo Orogeny and Bulkuksa Disturbance.