• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2008

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on mainstem, branch and leaf characteristics related to canopy for development of high yielding cultivar using 70 Korean soybean cultivars developed from 1913 to 2000. Variations of canopy width, branch length, and canopy width/length ratio were higher compared to other characteristics among 12 mainstem and branch characters. Variations of petiole angle, leaflet width/length ratio and compound leaf dry weight were higher than other characteristics among eight leaf characters related to plant canopy. Three classifications of soybean cultivars were used based on usage: I)soy sauce and tofu, II)bean sprout, and III)cooking with rice. Canopy width/length ratio was higher in group III, cooking with rice than group I, soy sauce and tofu, and group II, bean sprout, and there was no difference between the two, group I and group II. The total branch length/main stem height ratio was higher in group II, bean sprout and group III, cooking with rice than group I, soy sauce and tofu. Mainstem and branch characteristics related to plant canopy were classified into four groups by ratio of canopy width/length and total branch length/main stem length, respectively. Soybean cultivars with narrow canopy and high dependence of mainstem were Danweonkong, Keumkangkong, Shelby, and Shinpaldalkong. Soybean cultivars with broad canopy and high dependence of mainstem were Kanglim, Keumkangdaelip, and Jinyulkong, and a cultivar with broad canopy and high dependence of branch were Geomjeongkong 2. Leaflet length/width ratio was lowest in cooking with rice and there was no difference between soy sauce and tofu and bean sprout. Compound leaf area was largest in cooking with rice and smallest in bean sprout. Leaf petiole length was short in bean sprout and there was no difference between soy sauce and tofu and bean sprout. Leaf petiole angle was highest in cooking with rice and lowest in bean sprout. Leaf type was classified into four groups based on leaflet width/length ratio and compound leaf area, respectivly. Buseok and Taekwangkong had an oval leaflet and largest area of compound leaf. Eunhakong and Sohokong had extreme narrow leaflet and smallest area of compound leaf. Leaf petiole type was classified into three and four groups based on leaf petiole length and angle, respectively. A soybean cultivar with the shortest petiole length and smallest petiole angle was Eunhakong and cultivars with short petiole length and large petiole angle were Alchankong, Muhankong, and Pureunkong. A soybean cultivar with long petiole length and small petiole angle was Sinpaldalkong 2. Among a total of 70 Korean soybean cultivars, Eunhakong had an extreme narrow type in leaf, smallest compound leaf area, shortest petiole length, and smallest petiole angle of compound leaf.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify the overall occupational safety and health status and the characteristics of the workers engaged in the field of the film and television artists, and to take appropriate measures to prevent industrial accidents, profession and working environment, safety recognition and education, safety activities, accident experience, and job stress survey. Survey using a structured questionnaire is to be used for 302 worker directly interview research. Safety awareness level of himself or herself was "middle level" of 3.1 points. Those of colleagues and the general public were evaluated to be low as 2.8 points and 2.5 points, respectively. During the last 12 months, 4.6% of total workers have received an industrial safety health education for work-related accident or disease. Regarding cases of having experienced work-related accident or having been exposed to work-related disease over the past 1 year, 20.2% of total respondents have experienced accident. 16.2% of total respondents have experienced work-related disease. And the workers are approximately one's own subjective feeling of physical symptoms that have appeared. In addition, the film sector workers in particular occupations men than women have higher job stress. Preventive education for industrial safety is required to be expanded and strengthened. Safety education is urgently required in order to prevent, and to reduce accident. Safety and health guideline is required to be developed and disseminated in order to prevent accident in advance. Finally, the actor and their staff members to reduce the stress, mental health care and education carefully needs to be in parallel. Also, when taking measures to reinforce safe work environment, it needs to be protected.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.244-256
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the level of depression and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and health related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality, occupational stress among manufacturing male immigrant worker in Korea. Methods: Total number of subject were 287 workers employed in 19 manufacturing industry. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess each responder's sociodemographic and health related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality (PSQI), Korean occupational stress (KOSS), Depression (CES-D). The job stress questionna ire was used according to KOSS-26 and depression symptoms were measured using CES-D, which was translated into Korean. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between risk factors included job stress, sleep quality and depression. Results: The prevalence of depression in survey subjects was 63.9%and poor group (PSQI) (5 point and over at PSQI score)among all subjects were 83.28%. Adjusting for confounding factor, higher the occupational stress (KOSS), depression levels were significantly higher (${\beta}=0.5575$), worse quality of sleep, the more depressed the level was slightly high ${\beta}=0.118$) did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among the study subjects was higher than that among the Korean workers. Especially, the level of depression was more influenced by occupational stress than quality of sleep. Therefore, the author recommend to prepare the effective strategy for reducing the depression and also reducing the occupational stress among immigrant male workers, and the author consider that it need to support the convenient working environment such as consultation for difficulty or health care among immigrant male workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2005

Natural disturbance and environmental pressure on natural ecosystems are gradually increasing, and the cause is significantly related to large-scale environmental pollution, global warming, decreasing biodiversity and habitat fragmentation. Environmental impact assessment(EIA) in Korea has been focused on distribution and composition of fauna and flora as major evaluation aspects in ecosystem assessment. It is well known that those characteristics of flora and fauna strongly depend on characteristics and quality of habitat and ecosystem. However, there is no items to assess habitat and ecosystems of spatial ecological system in EIA. Many countries are trying to develop the EIA items to consider the spatial characteristics of habitat and ecosystem and those ecological dynamics as well as species level. In this stream, landscape ecology is emerging discipline to examine spatial pattern and ecological process within/between habitats and ecosystems. Landscape ecological analysis, as a special tool for ecosystem evaluation, has been appropriately adopted to the EIA system in the advanced countries. This review paper tries to introducing the possibilities of landscape ecological concept into the Korean EIA system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

Demands for Korean Traditional Residence Complexes as a more humane resident space have recently been increasing for the purposes of users' health and convenience, built with the purpose of reflecting various trends. This study is aimed at examining the physical characteristics of design in residence complexes by analyzing the physical characteristics of the sound environment as auditory elements of Hanok Complexes and the relationship between spatial and visual test values. The results were shown as follows: In subjective evaluation at Hanok, Natural sounds were recognized higher but artificial sounds were lower. According to the interrelationship analysis between subjective evaluation and physical measurement values, entrance (regular-StdDev), yard (regular-NbEm, friendly-G), waterside (regular-articulation index(rooms), StdDev, $L_{min}$, Rem), etc had been shown highly related.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

When environmental elements such as heat, light, air, and sound conditions were suited for the human life, it makes for the welfare and comfortableness of dwellers. This study about residential environmental stress based on environmental psychology very importance because dwellers' background characteristics have an impact on their residential environmental stress levels and it was related to dwellers' satisfaction and well-being. Research about stress connected with residential environment is very important. One's residential environment has direct effects not only on the physical environment but also on family values and expectations, actions, attitude etc. The purpose of this paper is to: 1) identify the general trends of residential environmental stress 2) analyze the differences in socio-demographic characteristics and how the physical characteristics of buildings affect stress. The samples in this study consisted of dwellers living in multi-family housing in Gwang-ju, South Korea. The city was divided into 5 districts and used quota sampling. 324 housewives were sampled from the households by self-administered questionnaires. The survey was conducted in December of the year 2006 after the questionnaire was revised based on the results of preliminary survey.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with $NH_4Cl $(exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, $NH_4^+$, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the $NH_4^+$ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r= 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The $NO_3^-$ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from $0.10mg\;g^{-1}$ to $0.50mg\;g^{-1}$ for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the $NO_3^-$ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to extract environment-friendly planning elements to apply in Korea by putting together and reclassifying four foreign environment-friendly certification systems related to regeneration spaces - LEED in USA, CASBEE in Japan, BREEAM in England and BEAM in Hong Kong - and analyze and evaluate domestic and foreign spaces which were certified as Environment-friendly spaces in order to offer plan guidelines to raise awareness of the importance of environment-friendly elements in regeneration spaces and to encourage them. The concept and the characteristics of green building were studied through documentary survey. In addition, green certification system of the present domestic new spaces and foreign regeneration spaces was studied and assessment tools for indoor regenerated spaces-related green certification system were developed. With checklists which are developed in this study, level of going green of foreign spaces certified environment-friendly was assessed. Based on the results of this study, conclusions are as follows. As a result of case research of spaces-certified green of Hong-Kong's existing buildings with a developed checklist, application of general assessment part was all alike, but that of detailed assessment part was different. However, Hong Kong showed superiority in lighting energy saving, separate collection of recyclable domestic waste, recycling by-product and management. In addition, Hong Kong applied eco-friendly planning elements maintaining buildings in their condition as possible as it could with management, use of green program, replacement with high efficiency lighting, monitoring system, installation of recycling bins and energy saving by attaching reflective film.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.511-519
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• 2016

National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) has developed the Korean Reach File (KRF) for scientific and systematic analysis of variables related to water quality, pollutant sources and aquatic ecosystems in consideration of steam reach networks. The KRF provides a new framework for data production, storage, management and analysis for water related variables in relation to spatial characteristics, connections, and topologies of stream reaches. However, the current version of KRF (ver.2) has limited applicability because its nodes include not only the stream points based on topological characteristics but also those based on water quality monitoring stations, which may undermine its generality. In this study, a new version of KRF (ver.3) was designed and established to overcome the weak point of version 2. The version 3 is a generalization of the old KRF graphic data and it integrates the attribute data while separating it from the graphic data to minimize additional work that is needed for data association and search. We tested the KRF (ver.3) on actual cases and convenience and adaptability for each application was verified. Further research should focus on developing a database link model and real-world applications that are targeted to process event data.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 2011

This paper is aimed at investigating the influence of the learning organization's structural characteristics, learner's characteristics, and perceived organizational support (POS) on organizational knowledge creation. also the POS is tested as a moderator on the relationship between learner's characteristics including learning goal orientation and learning self-efficacy and organizational knowledge creation. the results are as follows. for main effect hypotheses, both connecting the organization to its environment and establishing systems to capture and share learning system representing learning organization's structural characteristics have significant positive impact on organizational knowledge creation. the POS also has a significant impact on organizational knowledge creation. However, learning goal orientation and learning self-efficacy have not significant impact on organizational knowledge creation. for moderating effect hypothesis, POS moderates the relationship between learning goal orientation and organizational knowledge creation, which means if the POS is high then learning goal orientation has more significant positive impact on it. Based on our findings, we conclude that structural characteristics of learning organization provide organizations with an opportunity of knowledge creation. in particular, interconnectedness of organization with environment and organizational knowledge sharing systems determine the ways of behaving that are related to learning within organizations. however, learner's characteristics did not have a significant effect on organizational knowledge creation, which could be interpreted due to the fact that employees are not motivated to create new knowledge if they are rarely required to involve challenging works, generate new knowledge, or share preexisted knowledge with others.