• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2011

This study was conducted to control the seed borne pathogens (Alternaria spp.) of carrot and to examine the seed germination rate by using 13 environment friendly agricultural materials instead of conventional chemicals for organic cultivation. The growth inhibiting effects on pathogens showed the different responses according to each agricultural material and effective 7 materials against seed borne pathogens were selected. Among 7 materials, the carrot seeds sterilized with plant extracts, Tanger Stop and Land Saver were not germinated at all. The germination rate of seeds sterilized with other materials showed the similar levels with reference chemical (Benlate-T) and non-treated seeds. Infection rates of seeds sterilized with seaweed extract, Bellopper for controlling A. radicina and plant extract, Ssial-100 for A. dauci were similar or low infection rate compared with reference chemical. The germination rate and root length of seeds sterilized with Bellopper and Ssial-100 was similar or superior to those of chemical sterilized seeds. The optimal condition seemed to be a little bit different depending on the concentration of materials. As a result, the sterilization of carrot seeds by using the environment friendly materials could be effectively utilized as a technology to inhibit the infection of seed-borne pathogens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2007

A diverse kind of environment-friendly agricultural materials(EFAM) for the control of insect pests is on the market. These EFAMs are a part of essential sources for the accomplishment of successful, sustainable, and environment-friendly agriculture. Thus, accurate information of these EFAMs is one that required for the success of environment-friendly agriculture, but, in reality, still appropriate information is absolutely in shortage. In this study, we, therefore, tested the efficacy of commercial EFAMs against two lepidopteran insect larvae, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). After the two insect pests were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the larvicidal activity was tested at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, relative humidity(RH) of $60{\pm}5%$, and a photoperiod of 16L:8D, and mortality was determined 48 hrs after EFAMs are treated. The EFAMs that showed more than 90% of larvicidal activity were each six among 16 against both P. xylostella and S. litura and only three of them showed consistent larvicidal activity against both species, signifying species specificity of EFAMs and importance of selection of proper EFAMs depending on target insect pest.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.44-55
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• 2010

This study was intended to develop some lounge wear ensembles of emotional design by using an eco-friendly material, Kenaf fabrics in line with the contemporary trend of valuing health and environment. With market survey on commercially available indoor clothing ensembles in the market, the designs of lounge wear ensembles being on sale via on/off-line routes were analyzed. Provided by Korea High Tech Textile Research Institute, Kenaf fabrics were employed to make 4 pieces of lounge wear for women (cardigan, T-shirt, slacks, vest) and 4 ones for toddlers. In addition, some housewives in their thirties or forties who lived in Seoul were asked to respond to a series of questionnaires concerning the prototypes made directly in order to evaluate consumer satisfaction with them. Although the consumer awareness of Kenaf fabrics is very low as far, this attempt to present the designs of lounge wear made of Kenaf to young housewives who have a lot of concern for and purchase experiences of eco-friendly materials is meaningful in the light of the possibility to popularize Kenaf which is not familiar as a textile material yet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to estimate physical properties and fishing performances of net twine with improved PBS copolymer resin (Bio-new), the existing PBS/PBAT blending resin (Bio-old) and commercial Nylon (Nylon). The tensile strength of Bio-new monofilament was equal to Bio-old and the elongation of Bio-new was about 6 % higher than that of Bio-old in wet condition. The physical properties tests were carried out to estimate breaking load and stiffness in dry and wet conditions, respectively. In the results, the breaking load of Nylon netting was the highest whereas the elongation of Bio-new was 1.4 times higher than that of Nylon netting in wet condition. The breaking load of Bio-old netting was about 9.2 % higher than that of Bio-new netting. However, the elongation of the Bio-new netting was about 3% higher than that of Bio-old. The stiffness of the Bio-new compared to Bio-old was improved about 34 % in dry condition and about 32 % in wet condition. The filed experiments of the fishing performance were conducted with three kinds of drift nets with different netting materials in the coastal sea of Jeju. The each experimental drift net made of different materials showed the similar fishing performance. Bio-old drift net yielded less catches of small sized yellow croaker than other drift nets. The netting materials affected the fishing performance and length distribution of catches in the drift nets.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.2 s.115
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• pp.61-71
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing (cushioning) materials were made using a vacuum forming method from waste wood collected from local mountains in Korea. The waste wood was pulped by thermomechanical pulping. The TMP cushions showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) and pulp mold. Even though the TMP cushions made using at different suction times had many free voids in their inner fiber structures, their apparent densities were a little higher than EPS and much lower than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch improved elastic modulus of the TMP cushions without increasing the apparent density, which was different from surface sizing with starch. The porosity of the TMP cushions was a little greater than EPS and much less than pulp mold. Finally, the TMP cushions have great potential to endure external impacts occurring during goods distribution.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.406-413
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• 2020

Ti_0.5Al_0.5N/CrN nano-multilayers, which are known to exhibit excellent wear resistances, were prepared using the unbalanced magnetron sputter for various periods of 2-7 nm. Ti_0.5Al_0.5N and CrN comprised a cubic structure in a single layer with different lattice parameters; however, Ti_0.5Al_0.5N/CrN exhibited a cubic structure with the same lattice parameters that formed the superlattice in the nano-multilayers. The Ti_0.5Al_0.5/CrN multilayer with a period of 5.0 nm exceeded the hardness of the Ti_0.5Al_0.5N/CrN single layer, attaining a value of 36 GPa. According to the low-angle X-ray diffraction, the Ti_0.5Al_0.5N/CrN multilayer maintained its as-coated structure up to 700℃ and exhibited a hardness of 32 GPa. The thickness of the oxidation layer of the Ti_0.5Al_0.5N/CrN multilayered coating was less than 25% of that of the single layers. Thus, the Ti_0.5Al_0.5N/CrN multilayered coating was superior in terms of hardness and oxidation resistance as compared to its constituent single layers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.318-324
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• 2017

Lime bordeaux mixture (LBM) and lime sulfur mixture (LSM) are representative environmental friendly organic materials for prevention of insect pests in South Korea. Recently, those have been widely used as an alternative for chemical pesticides in eco-friendly farms. However, South Korea has not established even recommendation of LBM and LSM considering the stability of heavy metals in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of hazardous heavy metals in soil and plant with long-term application of LBM and LSM. Firstly, we investigated the amount of LBM and LSM used per year in several eco-friendly farms to determine a standard application rate of both materials. The pepper plant was grown on the pot in greenhouse for 14 weeks. Both materials were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 9 times of standard application rates (2.56 and $1.28L\;ha^{-1}$ of LBM and LSM per year, respectively). Dry matter yield of pepper and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentration in soil and pepper plant were measured after 14 weeks. Yield of pepper plant did not significantly chang with up to application rate of 1 times, thereafter it markedly decreased with more than 3 times. With increasing LBM and LSM application, the concentration of Cu and Zn in soil significantly increased. Especially, Zn concentration in pepper significantly increased with increasing application rates of both materials. This might resulted in significant decrease in dry matter yield of pepper. The concentrations of those heavy metals in soil did not exceed safety levels ($150mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu and $300mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn) established by the Korean Soil Environmental Conservation Act as well as concentration of heavy metals in pepper plant by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, particular attention should be paid for heavy metal safety and crop productivity when using LBM and LSM in the organic farm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

Inhibition effects on spore germination and mycelia growth for pepper anthracnose fungi (Collectricum acutatum) were investigated in vitro using eco-friendly agricultural materials as well as ecofriendly pesticides. The inhibition effect on mycelia growth of anthracnose fungi is the highest when the anthracnose mycelia were treated with a pesticide (commercial name: Koreayeok) that contains a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Panibacillus polymyxa, resulting in 100% inhibition of the mycelia growth. Meanwhile, the range of 20~40% inhibition effects on the growth of anthracnose mycelia was observed with other commercial agricultural materials. The significant inhibition effects on spore formation of anthracnose fungus were shown in vitro with two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur [BTB (100%) and SulfurStar (95.1%)], Koreayeok (95.0%), Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture, and Jihabudea-KM containing Psedomonas spp. (96.1%), respectively. Taken from these in vitro results of inhibiting of the spore germination and mycelia growth together, Koreayeok is the most effective on control of pepper anthracnose disease in vitro. In addition, two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur (BTB and SulfurStar) and Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture are also significantly applicable to prevent pepper plants from anthracnose disease in vitro. It remains to be determined whether the selected eco-friendly agricultural materials in effective control of anthracnose in vitro can be used to control pepper anthracnose in field.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2017

In a contemporary fashion along with the advance of high technology, development of a new material is being increasingly emphasized and the need of creative convergence using a computer is being expanded. As a global designer who appeared through association between Japan and the West, Issey Miyake has been continually pursuing a new challenge and a solution using high technology, leading the globalization of Japanese fashion. This research aims at examining design characteristics of Issey Miyake collection's A-POC showing a new paradigm, that is, an innovative clothing manufacture system to input information on materials, colors and shapes into a textile machine based on the computer program and manufacture a cylindrical fabric for completion of seamless clothing without sewing or cutting. A-POC is evolving continually through the development of new materials including recycled fibers and organics together with diversification of processing technology. Besides, it shows design characteristics including an integrated manufacturing method, autonomy for customers' selection, practicality for comfortable wearing by the majority, environment friendly idea to reduce waste of fabrics and materials and a new presentation through convergence of exhibition concepts of modern art. This research on Issey Miyake's A-POC characteristics is expected to present a role of fashion designers in a new design idea and paradigm of contemporary clothing using high technology.