• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-108
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• 2003

So far, we have pursued only convenient and efficient growth of economy, as a result, environment surrounding us has been destroyed and the rights of our existence gotten to be even threatened. We need to ensure our lives and at the same time, need a power with which agriculture undertakes global circulation structure and a power that is able to preserve our environment we live per so. Therefore, in the near future, the final objectives of agriculture structure for 21st century would be to increase productivity of highly developed agricultural products in accordance with the ecosystem and a recycling agriculture. What is a recycling agriculture\ulcorner In the narrow sense, it means provisions-producing- system related to interactive recycle of material among forestry, livestock husbandry and seeding agriculture. In the broad sense, it means to produce credible agricultural product by keeping balanced resources via conversion to complete degradable material of organic wastes produce within rural village. Based on this concept, finally, our goal is to construct the resources recycling community. Environment friendly agriculture ⇒ organic agriculture ⇒ recycling (circulation) agriculture ⇒ construction of community with resources recycling. Therefore, in order to construct recycling agriculture, most of all, it is considered that the following, it should be established reasonable standard amounts for fertilizer, manure and liquid fertilizer based on results of soil test by each region, nature-recycling form of crops production and livestock production systems by maximizing utilization of different recycling byproducts occurring in the crop producing process by each region.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.4 s.117
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• pp.305-314
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• 2006

Precision farming has been known as an environment friendly farming technology. This study was conducted to develop a variable-rate granule fertilizer applicator as an attempt for introducing the precision farming technologies to rice cultivation in Korea. In this paper, concept design process and manufacturing of prototype variable rate granule applicator was reported. For concept design, some design guide lines were selected. Based on the design guide line and some engineering knowledge, concept design was conducted. The designed prototype granule applicator was mounted at the rear of riding type cultivator for paddy field and had a 10m wide boom structure with pneumatic conveying and application system as well as 1GPS receiver, 1 granule hopper, 12 blow heads, 2 metering devices and 1 controller. The fertilizer applicator had 942 ka of weight, 740m of ground clearance and 1,117mm of center of gravity from the ground. The applicator was designed to be able to $34{\sim}428kg/ha$ of granule at $0.2{\sim}0.8m/s$ of fertilizer working speed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.461-469
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• 2006

As a frontier of Sustainable Basin Research Initiative, we commenced a scenario-driven planning and evaluation research project which is to identify the strategic policy scenarios. As a part of the project, this study attempts to estimate the ecological impacts of land cover changes using landscape indices at the whole basin level. We analyzed spatio-temporal characteristics of natural area including forest, agricultural land, water area, barren which play an important role in nature-friendly sustainable watershed management. The results of analysis shelved that the size and diversity of natural area have been reduced, while patch number and isolation have been increased in proportion to urbanization in 1974, 1995 and four future scenarios in the Ara River Basin. Also, we estimated that the natural area could be conserved to some degree in the SD or DE scenarios with a concept of environment-friendly development and lifestyle. Various strategic environment policies may be evaluated and designed on the basis of the method, that is, scenario approach and landscape ecological analysis suggested in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the perception and satisfaction of elementary and middle school students on free school food service. We surveyed education related to school food service, concerns about food ingredients, perceptions of free school food service and satisfaction for the quality of the school food service. The investigation is classified into two groups, schools that operate as a food service center or those that do not. Those who are provided food ingredients by school food service centers are educated about the agricultural products' country-of-origin and their environment-friendly food service. The more individuals are educated of the foods' county-of-origin and environment-friendly food service the more they will have a higher concern of the food materials and subsequently a higher satisfaction for the quality of school food service. School food service centers managed directly by the local government would probably receive higher satisfaction than those consigned to a private sector. The results of this study will be meaningful to establish policies on school food service and school food service centers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.51-70
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• 2003

In recent years, Korean rice must compete with the rice of advanced countries under Doha Development Agenda(DDA) and free Trade Agreement(FTA). Therefore we should find more active and positive solution in rice industry according to the inncreasing power of international pressure. Increasing rice production was the most important policy during the past food-deficient days, but recently, with overproduction of rice, various circulation system by the brand(price)-differentiation should be settled in a recent market of Korea. Nowadays, some advanced rice farmers and Rice Processing Complex(RPC) managers developed new brands of rice with high-quality, adding healthy materials and environment-friendly farming methods. Therefore, the future strategy of making a new brand rice should be planned including selection of rice variety, cultural and post-harvest techniques, circulation and processing methods to compete against foreign rice. And environment-friendly farming is also recommendable for food safety and differentiate from imported rice. For the purpose of successful brand-rice, the following points might be considered. Firstly, selection of good quality rice and continual development of good variety must be conducted for the differentiation of Korean rice from foreign rice. Secondly, a special contract between producer and consumer with functional-rice, organic filming-rice, specific-rice will be recommendable. Thirdly, improvement of post-harvest management and milling system are necessary for the production of differentiated-rice. Fortunately, standard of inspection, rules of description for brand-rice must be developed by a more scientific examination in order to settlement of trust for consumer. Finally, provincial or regional-representative brand rice must be settled and conducted for the development of agreement market system between producer and consumer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.322-329
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The fungicide of benomyl, a benzimidazole group, has been commonly used for pesticides against fungal diseases in the world. However, benomyl is rapidly hydrolyzed in the environment after using to control plant diseases and has adverse effects by generating carbendazim, which is toxic to plants, humans, and the environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the decomposition effect of carbendazim, a degradation product of benomyl was conducted in pot and field after making a prototype of benomyl-degrading microbial agent (BDMA). We found that the carbendazim-degrading microbial agent (CDMA) (10⁵, 10⁶, and 10⁷ cfu/g soil) decomposed carbendazim by 50% or more in all the treatments, compared to the untreated control in the pot tests after four weeks. The effect of 100% decomposition of carbendazim was observed at 7 days after treatment, when the prototype of BDMA was apllied at 10-folds dilution in the field. The decomposition effect at more than 60% and plant growth promoting effect were observed after 7 days of the treatment, compared with the untreated group in the second field experiment,treated with commercially available concentrations of 500-folds and 1,000-folds. CONCLUSION(S): These results might represent that the BDMA would decompose carbendazim effectively, a decomposition product of the fungicide benomyl, remaining in agricultural area, and it could be utilized practically by using a low dilution rate.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2007

The green revolution has significantly helped in increasing the food production. So far, various breeding methods have been exploited, besides them recombination DNA technology provides another approach for increasing the food production. By means of this technology the losses in food production incurred by various biotic and abiotic stresses can be effectively controlled. In most of the transgenic studies scientists have used antibiotic resistant genes as markers for easy selection of transformants but there are risks involved in use of GM foods. To make such foods safer and environment friendly we have discussed a novel strategy i.e. Cre-lox which involves site specific recombination. By means of Cre-lox the marker genes can be specifically removed once the selection of transformants is over. In addition, this strategy can be used to module the hybrid chromosomes, avoid gene silencing and incorporate single copy of a transgene for its higher expression.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2001

Sensing soil organic matter is crucial for precision farming and environment friendly agriculture. Near infra-red(NIR) was utilized to measure the soil organic matter. Multivariate calibration methods, including stepwise multiple linear regression(MLR), principal components recession(PCR) and partial least squares regression(PLS), were applied to soil spectral reflectance data to predict the organic matter content. The effect of soil particle size and water content was studied. The range of soil organic matter contents was from 0.5 to 11%. Near infrared (NIR) region from 700 to 2,500nm was applied. For uniform soil particle size, result had good correlation (R$\^$2/ = 0.984, standard error of prediction= 0.596). The effect of soil particle size could be eliminated with 1st order derivative of the NIR signal. However. moist soil had a little lower correlation. R$\^$2/ was 0.95 and standard error of prediction was 0.94% using the PLS method. The results showed the possibility of soil organic matter measurement using NIR reflectance on the field.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-84
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• 2019

Recently rural healing tourism has been attracting tourists' interest in relieving mental stress and restoring physical daily life with nature-friendly experience. The purpose of this study is to explore the urgent problems and challenges of rural healing tourism by conducting focus group interview(FGI) with experts. Fourteen experts were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. From the interview data, six themes were identified for direction of healing tourism development. The results of the study are as follows; The area of rural healing tourism can be explained within the framework of health tourism. As for the difference between rural tourism and healing tourism, rural tourism is expected to enhance physical and mental relaxation, daily restoration, and health promotion if rural tourism expects the understanding and experience of agricultural and rural life, and educational effect. The core components of rural healing tourism were operators' expertise, program with rurality, ecological environment, and storytelling. The findings of this paper implicate the underlying dimension of rural healing tourism from a experts' perspective.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Plant extracts have been used as environment friendly agricultural materials for organic farming in South Korea. However safety evaluation on the plant extracts was not properly tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety of the extracts from Melia azedarach, Nerium indicum and Coptis chinensis on cultivating rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pant extarcts 300-fold diluted were treated on rice, and residues of M. azedarach, N. indicum and C. chinensis were determined. The analytes from the rice samples were detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was validated, and good linearities ($r^2=0.995-0.998$), specificity, and recoveries were obtained. Limits of detection were 0.01 mg/kg for all of the target compounds. Recoveries were 79.3-118.3% at 0.1 mg/kg and 75.2-111.5% at 0.5 mg/kg. The residue levels were below 0.030 mg/kg for azadirachtin, 0.320 mg/kg for oleandrin and 1.460 mg/kg for berberine. CONCLUSION(S): The extracts of M. azedarach, N. indicum and C. chinensis contained azadirachtin, oleandrin and berberine as an active ingredient, respectively. The residue of three active ingredients dramatically decreased after treatment in all fruits, stems and roots of rice.