• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.201-214
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• 2023

This study attempted to analyze the impact of individual entrepreneurial capabilities on entrepreneurial intention targeting small and medium-sized business employees, and sought to confirm the mediating effect of entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial mentoring between entrepreneurial capabilities and entrepreneurial intention. The sub-variables of entrepreneurship competency were analyzed separately into creativity, problem solving, communication, and marketing. 368 questionnaires collected from employees at small and medium-sized manufacturing companies located across the country were used for empirical analysis. A parallel dual mediation model with no causal relationship between parameters was used for empirical analysis using SPSS v26.0 and PROCESS macro v4.2. As a result of the analysis, first, among the start-up competencies, creativity, communication, and marketing were confirmed to have a significant positive (+) effect on start-up efficacy. Second, among the start-up competencies, creativity, communication, and marketing were tested to have a significant positive influence on start-up mentoring. Third, both startup efficacy and startup mentoring were found to have a significant positive influence on startup intention. Fourth, among start-up capabilities, creativity and marketing were confirmed to have a significant positive (+) effect on start-up intention. Fifth, startup efficacy and startup mentoring were found to have a mediating effect on startup intention except for problem solving among startup competencies. As a result, it was confirmed that in order to strengthen the intention to start a business among small and medium-sized business employees, start-up efficacy and start-up mentoring are important factors, and that marketing and creativity have an important influence among individual start-up capabilities, so education and prior preparation for these are necessary. As follow-up research, it will be necessary to apply multivariate models, analyze time series data, research considering external environmental factors, and test the difference between start-up capabilities and performance considering detailed population characteristics.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

This study was conducted to suggest a start-up policy that includes start-up education and support for active seniors with various careers who try to change their careers before and after retirement. From this point of view, this study divided the factors affecting the entrepreneurial will of active seniors into entrepreneurship organizational and functional competency and identified the effect of these competencies on entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. In the proposed model, start-up competency is divided into organizational competency (leadership, creativity problem-solving, communication, decision-making) and functional competency (management strategy, marketing, business plan). And this study examined the mediating role of entrepreneurial efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency factors and entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, PLS-POS analysis was performed to uncover the heterogeneity and pattern in the proposed structural model. The survey was conducted with the help of an online survey company from November 27 to December 15, 2020 for the active senior age group from 40 to under 65 years old. Data were collected from a total of 433 panelists and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7 programs. The findings are as follows. First, the finding shows that the entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial efficacy. Second, the result shows that entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. Third, the findings show that entrepreneurship efficacy had a significantly positive(+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. The findings of PLS-POS show that entrepreneurship education needs to be carried out by identifying the needs that require entrepreneurial organizational and functional competency when training for entrepreneurship competency. In summary, the findings of the current study are to determine what the competency factors are for the government (local government) to increase the policy direction necessary for establishing and implementing entrepreneurship education and training programs to develop policies to enhance the economic activity participation rate of active seniors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.21-37
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• 2016

The purpose of study was to examine the entrepreneurial supporting policy and the entrepreneurship which can affect the entrepreneurial intention, and to prove the moderating effect of the business failure burden and the self-efficacy on the relationship of the entrepreneurial supporting policy, entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention through the empirical study in the fusion of industries. We used data from 321 survey participants by using structured questionnaires, excluding dishonest respondents, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 statistic package. We used hierarchical regression technique to prove our hypothesis. The results showed that education and marketing support which are part of the entrepreneurial supporting policy in the fusion of industries will have positive influence on innovativeness, pro-activeness and risk acceptability which are part of entrepreneurship. It has been reported that only funding support has positive influence on entrepreneurship pro-activeness. The results also indicated that the entrepreneurial supporting policy will have positive influence on the entrepreneurial intention, but business failure burden and self-efficacy will have no moderating effect in the relation between the entrepreneurial supporting policy and the entrepreneurship. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed and the directions for future research were presented.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.47-59
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• 2016

This paper explores antecedents of entrepreneurial and job search intentions based on the theory of planned behavior. Additionally, it examines the impact of entrepreneurship and job search education on these antecedents of entrepreneurial and job search intentions. The research model has been validated by analyzing 1,432 responses from undergraduate students in South Korea. The results of analysis provide several findings: First, entrepreneurship attitude, entrepreneurship subjective norm, and entrepreneurship self efficacy showed significant positive effects on entrepreneurial intention, but their effects on job search intention were insignificant. Second, while job search attitude showed significant positive effects on both intentions, job search subjective norm showed a significant effect only on job search intention, and job search self efficacy showed a significant effect only on entrepreneurial intention. Third, entrepreneurship education increased all the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, and reduced job search attitude. These results imply that entrepreneurship and job search education should be managed comprehensively, considering their cross-effects on the antecedents of entrepreneurial and job search intentions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

Personal time perspective is a factor influencing motivation and goal-oriented behavior. The start-up process is a preparatory process for the future rather than the present. There will be a difference in entrepreneurial decision making depending on the level of time perspective. This study verified the relationship between individual 's time perspective and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. For this study, a survey was conducted with 190 students in college. To test the hypothesis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. The results of the study are as follows. First, we analyzed the difference of individual 's time by past-negative, past-positive, present-fatalistic, present-hedonistic, and future-oriented time. As a result of analysis, the more experience of entrepreneurship education, the higher the present-fatalistic, present-hedonistic, and future-oriented level. Second, the effect of individual's time perspective on entrepreneurial self-efficacy was analyzed. The past-negative and present-fatalistic level influenced negative on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The present-hedonistic and future-oriented level influenced positive on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Finally, based on the above results, academic significance, implications and limitations are suggested.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

Needs for economic growth and employment creation has led to develop many policies for entrepreneurship in Korea, Which focused on entrepreneurial education. This study focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial intention. So we investigated the degree of competence and entrepreneurial intention in university students with a survey. The results are as follows: First, IT Planning Competencies (ITPC) influence self-efficacy & entrepreneurial intention. but IT Development Competencies (ITDC) do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. Second, Creativity Competencies (CC) and Market Perception Competencies (MPC) influence self-efficacy & entrepreneurial intention. but Social Competencies(SC) do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. Finally ITPC, CC, MPC affected entrepreneurial intention by mediating self-efficacy. As a result, It is important not to have IT Development Competencies but to hold IT Planning Competencies for the establishment of entrepreneurial intentions. IT Planning Competencies (ITPC) influence entrepreneurial attitude and intention. but IT Development Competencies (ITDC) do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. So, we need to develop good contents related to the IT Planning Capabilities, Creativity and Market Perception when organizing training programs in start-up course.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.645-651
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• 2020

The concept of social entrepreneurship (SE) is gaining attention in developing economies for the purpose of greater societal welfare maximization. Still, findings in the field of SE studies have been riddled with conflicting results and counterstatement. Also, the determinants of developing SE are not robustly investigated in developing economies like Bangladesh. This context has mobilized the authors of this current study to focus on determining student's intention to pursue SE as their career choice. Hence, the study aims to examine the predictive determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) among Bangladeshi students. The study has investigated the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, prior experience, and educational support on SEI. The survey was conducted from a public university of Bangladesh, and 231 students participated in the study. Questionnaire items under each construct variable have been adopted from pre-tested research studies. Five-point Likert scale questionnaire was applied to measure the variables. SPSS version 23.0 has been used for statistical analysis through which correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to measure the impact of the independent variables on SEI. Results exhibited that self-efficacy, social support, and educational support positively and significantly predicted SEI, while prior experience does not influence SEI.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

This study was conducted to research the effect of college student's creativity and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. The creativity was comprised of fluency, originality, flexibility, logicality, risk-taking, and openness. The data was collected through a survey using college students as objects and 265 copies of the questionnaires were eventually. The study result was as follows. First, originality and risk-taking of the creativity appeared to have a positive effect (+) on entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, fluency, flexibility, logicality and openness of the creativity appeared to have no effect on entrepreneurial intention. Secondly, self-efficacy appeared to have a positive effect (+) on entrepreneurial intention. The academic implications of this study were: first, under the situation of which the studies about creativity on entrepreneurship are rather inadequate, this study is carried out with respect to influential factor of creativity in regard to entrepreneurial intention, second, obtained the result that the effect of which creativity has on entrepreneurial intention varied for each characteristic of creativity. In practise, this study implies that entrepreneurial intention can be increased through practical and systematic entrepreneurship education designed for increasing creativity and self-efficacy.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 2004

This study examined individual characteristic factors and environmental factors as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. As for individual characteristic factors, individuals' career orientations and entrepreneurial self-efficacy were examined. As for environmental factors, social supports and successful role models, classified as personal environmental factors, were examined, and social perceptions for entrepreneurs, classified as social environmental factors were also examined. Data were collected from undergraduates of business department, and graduates of the same department. The samples of 208 and 81 for each group were used for final analysis. Results showed that as a whole, career orientations affected entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, entrepreneurial orientations had positive effects, and security orientations had marginally negative effects on entrepreneurial intentions, while, unexpectedly, autonomy orientations had no significant effects. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy had the strongest positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions. Social supports and successful role models, which were not identified as distinct variables by the respondents, were integrated as a new variable of 'network environments' for analysis in this study. Network environments positively affected on entrepreneurial intentions. Social perceptions for entrepreneurs, however, did not affect on entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the results of career orientations, self-efficacy, and network environment, the implications for activating entrepreneurship were discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-124
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• 2023

As getting in 4th Industrial Revolution Times, Continuing Education Enrolled Students(CEES) trying to find loophole for jepordized current life and need job transfer have surged their interest significantly on starting new business to bring up their post career after retirement through self-improvement. Government and university have actively initiated diverse policies of promoting startup for CEES in kicking off entrepreneurship courses and programs. However, relevant main policy, 'The 2nd University Startup Education Five-Year Plan (draft)' have too chiefly focused on theoretical start-up education rather than practical courses, causing the problem of inappropriate support for implementing real startup and business (Ministry of Education, 2018). This study is brought to empirically investigate the effect of self-efficacy as perspective of the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention and behavior to come up with problem of poor entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurship education to CEES. As to empirical research, this paper deliver on-line survey to CEES from September to October 2022, collect 207 effective feedbacks, In order to verify the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (Cronbach's α) was calculated, analyzed, and measured. For hypothesis test, this paper utilize the multiple regression analysis statistical analysis method and use the SPSS 22.0 statistical processing program. Empirical results show, first, it was found that self-efficacy had a significant effect on start-up education. Second, start-up education had a significant effect on the intention to start a business of adult learners. Third, start-up education had a significant effect on the start-up behavior of adult learners. Fourth, self-efficacy had a significant effect on the intention of adult learners to start a business. Fifth, self-efficacy had a significant effect on the start-up behavior of adult learners. Sixth, self-efficacy had a mediating effect in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and adult learners' intention to start a business. Seventh, self-efficacy had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between start-up education and adult learners' start-up behavior. This paper is brought three significant implications. First, main consideration developing entrepreneurship education tools for CEES need to falls on defining potential needs of CEES as segmenting as to coming up with diversity of CEES's characteristics such as gender, age, experience, education, and occupation. Second, as to design specific entrepreneurship education program, both practical training program of utilizing CEES's career field experience benchmarking best practice startup and venture cases from domestic and global, and professional startup program of CEES initiating directly startup from ideation to develop business plan with pitching and discussing. Third, entrepreneurship education for CEES should be designed to incubate self-efficacy to enhance entrepreneurial intention of implementing entrepreneurial behavior as a real, eventually leading solid support system of self-improvement for CEES' Retirement life planning.