• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.539-546
• /
• 2008

A study on the selection of an optimal entrainer as the third component among water, aniline, 1,3-diethylbenzene, furfural, and MEK, for the extractive distillation of an azeotropic acetone/methanol system was performed using both the entrainer effect vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) and the relative volatility. In the case of water as the entrainer, a VLE curve without azeotropic point in the range of water composition from 0.3 up to 0.7 mole fraction could be obtained by both the experiment and the calculation using modified-UNIFAC model. For aniline and 1,3-diethylbenzene, however, VLE curve without azeotropic point could be obtained only at compositions above 0.7 mole fraction, which exhibited that they could be hardly utilized as the entrainer. Moreover, both furfural and MEK were verified to be improper entrainer since they formed an azeotropic phase. Relative volatility of water showed greater than 1.0 and increased with compositions, while those of the others decreased non-linearly, exhibiting that only water could be utilized as the proper entrainer for the extractive distillation of azeotropic acetone/methanol system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.698-705
• /
• 2016

Butyl acetate is produced from acetic acid and butanol via an esterification reaction in reactive distillation (RD). The product, butyl acetate, has been used as an internal entrainer until now. In this case, butyl acetate and water are removed at the top of column and separated into two different phases (organic and aqueous phases) after condensation, and butyl acetate rich organic phase is refluxed into the RD. This method makes butyl acetate remain high at the reactive zone, leading to lower equilibrium conversion and product yield. We introduced an extraneous entrainer to solve the problem. The extraneous entrainer forms a new azeotrope with water. The proposed process provides lower concentration of butyl acetate in the reactive zone than conventional RD processes using an internal entrainer. We compared the yield and production rate of butyl acetate between the proposed and conventional processes through pilot-scale experiments. Experimental and simulation results showed that the proposed process was more efficient than conventional process using internal entrainer.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 2017

Butyl acetate is produced from acetic acid and butanol via an esterification reaction in a reactive distillation column. Entrainer can be used for efficient removal of produced water from the reaction region, leading to significant improvement of the column performance. Batch reactive distillation has clear advantages over continuous one in terms of flexibility and adaptability in a small plant. We studied batch and semi-batch reactive distillation processes through process simulation and pilot-scale experiments. We investigated process configuration and type of entrainer for improvement of the column performance and suggested a novel cyclic operation strategy using the semi-batch reactive distillation column. The cyclic strategy was shown to give relatively high production rate and stable operation.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.148-152
• /
• 2002

The extraction of volatile essential oil using supercritical carbon dioxide with 2%(v/v) ethanol and non-ethanol was performed in a semi-continuous flow extractor at the range of pressures and temperatures 6.9 to 17.2 MPa and 30 to 45$^{\circ}C$, respectively. When ethanol was added to the co-solvent, the solubility of volatile essential oils was increased up to 90% over the neat CO$_2$ value. The most efficiency of extraction of the voilatile essential oils was achieved at 13.8㎫ and 40$^{\circ}C$ by supercritical carbon dioxide with entrainer from Citrus junos peel.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 1999

A squid viscera oil contains a high content of EPA, DHA, and other valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids. The extractions of squid viscera oil by supercritical carbon dioxide both with/without $3\%$ (v/v) ethanol were performed in a semicontinuous flow extractor at 8.3 to 13.8 MPa and 25 to $50^{\circ}C$. When ethanol was added to $SC-CO_2$, the extraction ratio of lipid increased. The extracts contained high content of unsaturated oils like DHA and EPA. The highest extraction yield of lipid from squid viscera oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide was obtained at 12.4 MPa and $40^{\circ}C$ with/without entrainer. The main fatty acids of squid viscera oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide were myristric acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), oleic acid (18:1), arachidic acid (20:0), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahaxaenoic acid (22:6).

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.309-310
• /
• 2019

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.301-305
• /
• 2003

The study of pancreatin extraction was investigated by supercritical fluid process. Using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with entrainer the purification of pancreatin was possible to remove lipids from Hog pancreas. To observe the optimum conditions different experimental variables were changed as pressure, temperature, flow rate of solvent and 0.25 mm of sample size were evaluated for effective removal of lipids. Ethanol and n-hexane were used as an entrainer with 5 mL/min. Increasing pressure at constant temperature the efficiency of the lipid removal in Hog pancreas was improved and the protein was concentrated without denaturalization, compared that of the control Hog pancreas. The most efficient conditions of lipid elimination were 17 MPa of pressure and 35$^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 0.25 mm of sample size.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2005

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was investigated as a method for removing lipids and bad flavor from tuna viscera. To find the optimum conditions, different experimental variables, such as pressure, temperature, flow rate of solvent and sample size, were evaluated for the effective removal of lipids and the undesirable smell. Ethanol was used as the entrainer, with a $3\%$ by vol $CO_2$ flow rate. By increasing the pressure at constant temperature, the efficiency of the lipid removal was improved and the protein was concentrated without denaturalization. The main fatty acids extracted from the tuna viscera were palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:1), oleic acid (18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). The major amino acids in the tuna viscera treated by supercritical carbon dioxide were glutamic acid, leucine and lysine, and the free amino acids were L-proline, taurine and L-$\alpha$-aminoadipic acid.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 2005

In this study, modeling and optimization work were performed to obtain nearly pure anhydrous ethanol from aqueous ethanol mixtures using benzene as an entrainer. NRTL liquid activity coefficient model was adopted for phase equilibrium calculations and PRO/II with PROVISION 6.01, a commercial process simulator, was used to simulate the azeotropic distillation process. We used the total reboiler heat duties as an objective function and the concentration of ethanol at concentrator top as a manipulated variable. As a result, 76 mole percent of ethanol at concentrator top gave an optimum value which minimized the total reboiler heat duties of three distillation columns.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2001

In order to develop a new separation technology, supercritical fluid extraction process was used to produce high purity pigments and fatty acids from seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida). Supercritical carbon dioxide was used as a solvent and ethanol as an entrainer. The sample was treated by a frozen drier and experiments were conducted with a semi-batch flow system at various operating conditions (pressure range, $10.3\~17.2$ MPa; temperature range, $30\~45^{\circ}C$: particle size, $500\~1,000{\mu}m$ extraction time, 60 min). Characteristics of the recovered pigment (chlorophyll a) and fatty acids were determined by UV-spectrophotometry and gas chromatography, respectively. The highest extraction efficiency for fatty acids and pigments was achieved at 12.4 MPa, $35^{\circ}C$, $500{\mu}m$of seaweed size.