• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.91-101
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• 2017

The in vitro experiment was conducted to ensure the supplemental level of spent Flammulina velutipes mushroom substrates(SMS) as an energy source in manufacturing of rye silage. Rye harvested at heading stage was ensiled with spent mushroom substrates of 0%(Control), 20%(R-20), 40%(R-40) and 60%(R-60) as fresh matter basis for 6week. The rumen fluid for preparation of in vitro solution was collected from two cannulated Holstein bulls fed a 40:60 concentrate:timothy diet. The experiment was conducted by 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hrs of ncubation time with 3 replications. The silages were evaluated fermentation characteristics and dry matter digestibility(DMD) in vitro. The pH of in vitro solution was inclined to decrease with elapsing the incubation time, and that of the R-60 was significantly(p<0.05) lower than the other treatment at 48 hr of incubation. The microbial growth in vitro was inclined to increase with elapsing the incubation time, and that of the R-20 was significantly(p<0.05) greater than the Control at 48 hr of incubation. Gas production was greater(p<0.05) in the Control than the other treatments at 48 hr of incubation. In vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) was higher with increasing the supplemental level of SMS, and was significantly(p<0.05) lower in the Control compared with other treatments throughout whole incubation time. The IVDMD for R-60 was the highest(p<0.05) among treatments at 24 hr and 48 hr of incubation. Considering of above results and the availability of SMS, SMS could be supplemented by 60% in fresh matter basis for rye silage fermentation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2024

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of the forage process on rumen fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions of rye. Rye was grown at the Taeyoung Livestock farm and harvested at the heading stage. The harvested rye (5 kg) was sub-sampled for fresh forage, hay, and silage in triplicates. The sub-sampled rye was freeze-dried or air-dried for fresh forage or rye hay, respectively. For rye silage, the sub-sampled rye forage was ensiled into a 10 L mini bucket silo and stored for 90 days. For 72 h rumen incubation, each forage (0.3 g) was placed into the incubation bottle with the rumen mixture (30 mL) in quadruplicates. After the incubation, total gas was measured and sub-sampled for CO₂ and CH₄ analyses, and the bottle content was centrifuged for in vitro digestibilities of dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD), and rumen fermentation characteristics. Silage had higher crude protein, crude ash, and acid detergent fiber concentrations than fresh forage and hay but lower non-fiber carbohydrates and relative feed value (p<0.05). And, silage had higher lactic acid bacteria than the other forages but lower pH (p<0.05). After 72 h incubation in the rumen, fresh forage had higher IVDMD and butyrate content than the other forages (p<0.05). However, silage had higher rumen pH and propionate content than the other forages but lower A:P ratio (p<0.05). Regarding greenhouse gases, silage had lowest total gas (mL/g DMD and NDFD) and CH₄ (mL/g DMD and NDFD) emissions, while fresh forage had lowest CO₂ (mL/g DMD) emission (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that the ensiling process of rye can effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions of Hanwoo.