• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of granite porphyry (GP) on growth performances and meat sensory quality in commercial broiler chicks. A total of four hundred-fifty 5-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into 15 pens and fed one of five experimental diets for 5 weeks; 0% GP with antibiotics (Control), 1% GP with or without antibiotics, and 2% GP with or without antibiotics. Final body weight and daily weight gain of all GP supplemented groups were slightly higher than those of control. Feed conversion rate was improved in GP 1 % supplemented groups, although there was no significant difference. Feeding antibiotics in addition to GP did not influence the growth parameters. Relative weights of liver and abdominal fat tended to be reduced in broiler chickens fed GP supplemented diets. Feeding of 2% GP diet resulted in a significant improvement in meat sensory quality in terms of taste and tenderness(P < 0.05), but the effect of the 1% GP on meat sensory quality was not significant. The results of this study indicate that GP could be used as a favorable feed additive for production of sensory-enhanced broiler meats.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2003

The chemical properties of oak tree wood vinegar and the effect of wood vinegar on the tomato seedling were investigated to apply wood vinegar efficiently to the organic - and natural farming system. On the basis of the results from chemical properties of the oak tree wood vinegar, mineral nutrient contents of wood vinegar was low. Therefore, wood vinegar could not be a suitable nutrient source for the plant growth at 500∼1000 times dilution level. which commonly used in the farming, if only wood vinegar is supplied for the nutrient source for the plant growth. The application of wood vinegar increased root growth up the 500 times dilution level while decreased shoot growth. Furthermore. the anion concentrations such as nitrate and phosphate of the plant were decreased by the application of wood vinegar while cation concentrations such as K. Ca. and Mg were increased. Phenolic compounds of wood vinegar such as chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid enhanced the root growth. Interestingly the application of ferulic acid increased both root and shoot growth at the level of 10$^{-4}$ M concentration. It indicated that the effect of wood vinegar on the production of healthy plant seedling may be due to the beneficial root growth by phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid and/or ferulic acid of the wood vinegar. However. the effect of the wood vinegar on the plant growth could be influenced by synergism or antagonism of different phenolic compounds in wood vinegar used. In addition. drench in the soil of wood vinegar may be more beneficial compared to foliar application for the improvement of root activity and plant growth.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 1993

$CO_2$ methanation was performed over Ni supported on cation-exchanged Y zeolites under atmospheric pressure at $250{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ and $H_2/CO_2$ mole ratio of 4. Adsorption strength between carbon dioxide and nickel was found to be Influenced by the cation exchanged in the zeolite. TPD(Temperature-programmed desorption) results show that the adsorption strength decreases in the order of Ni/NaY>Ni/MaY>Ni/HY. TPSR(Temperature-programmed surface reaction) results indicate that enhanced methanation activity is obtained when the adsorption strength between carbon dioxide and nickel is stroing. As the reduction temperature increases, the methantion activity of the catalyst increase. From this result the larger size nickel particle seems advantageous for $CO_2$ methanation reaction. The maximum activity is obtained when nickel loading is 3.3wt%. Carbon monoxide is produced as a by-product throughout the reaction temperature range, and as the contact time increases, the selectivity to methane increases and the selectivity to carbon monoxide decreases steadily. Thus methane seems to be produced from $CO_2$ via CO as an intermediate species. In the temperature range of $410{\sim}450^{\circ}C$, the methane production rate is found to be dependent on the orders of 3.3~-0.5 and 1.4~3.6 with respect to $CO_2$ and $H_2$ partial pressures, respectively. This clearly shows that $CO_2$ and $H_2$ are competing for adsorption sites and as the reaction temperature increases, it becomes increasingly difficult for $H_2$ to be adsorbed on the catalyst surface.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2017

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LM11 was isolated from the feces of larvae of the rhino beetle and showed strong antifungal activities against various phytopathogenic fungi by producing biosurfactants. In this study, our overall goal was to determine relationship between biosurfactants produced from the LM11 strain and its role in growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. Production and expression levels of B. amyloliquefaciens LM11 biosurfactants were significantly differed depending on growth phases. Transcriptional and biochemical analysis indicated that the biosurfactants of the LM11 strain were greatly enhanced in late log-phase to stationary phase. Inhibitions of phytopathogenic mycelial growth and spore germination were directly correlated (P<0.001, R=0.761) with concentrations of the LM11 cell-free culture filtrates. The minimum inhibitory surface tension of the culture filtrate of the B. amyloliquefaciens LM11 grown in stationary phase to inhibit mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi was 38.5 mN/m (P<0.001, R=0.951-0.977). Our results indicated that the biosurfactants of B. amyloliquefaciens LM11 act as key antifungal metabolites in biocontrol of plant diseases, and measuring surface tension of the cell-free culture fluids can be used as an easy indicator for optimal usage of the biocontrol agents.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of germinated and fermented unmarketable soybean (GFS) on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. A total of two hundred laying hens were divided into 5 groups (5 treatment $\times$ 4 replication $\times$ 10 birds each) and fed with the experimental diets for 8 wk as follows: control, GFS free; T1, GFS 0.15%; T2, GFS 0.3%; T3, GFS 1%; T4, GFS 2%. The laying performance, egg quality, blood profiles, cecal microbial population, isoflavone content in egg yolk were investigated. There were no significant differences laying performance, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color, eggshell color among groups. Eggshell strength in groups fed with diets containing GFS increased, but not significantly. Eggshell thickness significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group. No significant differences were observed in the blood profiles and intestinal microflora after supplementation. The decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GFS (p<0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde in groups fed with GFS were decreased as compared with control (p<0.05). Isoflavones in the egg yolk were detected in group fed with diet containing 2% GFS. These results showed that unmarketable GFS could be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for production of quality enhanced and isoflavone fortified eggs.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.154-166
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• 2017

Polymeric films for gas barrier applications such as food packaging and electronic devices have attracted great interest due to their cheap, light and easy processability among gas barrier materials. Especially in electronic devices, extremely low gas permeance is necessary for maintaining the device performance. However, current polymeric barrier films still suffer from relatively high gas permeance than other materials. Therefore, there have been strong needs to enhance the gas barrier performance of polymeric barrier films while keep their own advantages. Recently, graphene is highlighted as a 2D-layered material for gas barrier applications. However, owing to the poor workability and difficulty to produce in engineering scale, graphene oxide (GO) is on the rise. GO consists of oxygen-containing functional groups on surface with intrinsic 2D-layered structure and high aspect ratio, and it can be well-dispersed in aqueous polar solvents like water, resulting in scalable mass production. Here, we prepared GO incorporated polyimide (PI) nanocomposites. PI is widely used barrier polymer with high mechanical strength and thermal and chemical stability. We demonstrated that PI/GO nanocomposites could perform as a gas barrier. Furthermore, surfactants (Triton X-100 (TX) and Sodium deoxycholate (SDC)) are introduced to enhance the gas barrier performance by improving the degree of dispersion of GO in PI matrix. As a result, TX enhanced the gas barrier performance of PI/GO nanocomposites which is similar to predicted value. This finding will provide new insight to polymer nanocomposites for gas barrier applications.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.259-273
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• 2012

Chalcogenide-based semiconductors, such as $CuInSe_2$, $CuGaSe_2$, Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ (CIGS), and CdTe have attracted considerable interest as efficient materials in thin film solar cells (TFSCs). Currently, CIGS and CdTe TFSCs have demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 11% in module production. However, commercialized CIGS and CdTe TFSCs have some limitations due to the scarcity of In, Ga, and Te and the environmental issues associated with Cd and Se. Recently, kesterite CZTS, which is one of the In- and Ga- free absorber materials, has been attracted considerable attention as a new candidate for use as an absorber material in thin film solar cells. The CZTS-based absorber material has outstanding characteristics such as band gap energy of 1.0 eV to 1.5 eV, high absorption coefficient on the order of $10^4cm^{-1}$, and high theoretical conversion efficiency of 32.2% in thin film solar cells. Despite these promising characteristics, research into CZTS-based thin film solar cells is still incomprehensive and related reports are quite few compared to those for CIGS thin film solar cells, which show high efficiency of over 20%. The recent development of kesterite-based CZTS thin film solar cells is summarized in this work. The new challenges for enhanced performance in CZTS thin films are examined and prospective issues are addressed as well.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.2 s.46
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• pp.83-95
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• 2006

This study is to establish a national vision of the hydrogen economy and design a roadmap to materialize it. A goal is set to supply 15% of final energy consumption with hydrogen energy in Korea by 2040. Selecting the transportation sorter as the main target, more than 50% of vehicles on the road will be replaced with fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) while $20{\sim}30%$ of electricity demand in the residential and commercial sectors might be replaced with power generation by fuel cells. If this goals were attained as planned, primary energy demand would be reduced by 9%, resulting in improved energy mix in which fossil fuel consumption is greatly reduced whereas renewable energy increases by 47%. Furthermore, GHG emissions will be reduced by 20% and self-sufficiency in energy is enhanced up to 23%. If the hydrogen economy is to materialize, the government needs to implement institutional arrangements such as new legislations, organizations, and fiscal measures to facilitate the process. In addition, the private sector's participation is highly recommended to mobilize fund needed for the huge investment to build an infrastructure in preparation for the hydrogen economy. Arrangements for codes and standards are also required to promote industrialization of fuel cells and hydrogen production and consumption.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2018

Due to global warming and increased energy costs around the world, interests of energy saving and efficiency have been increased. In particular, forging factories need methods to save energy and increase productivity because of needing amounts of energy uses. To solve the problem, we propose a system, which includes collection, monitoring, and analysis process, to monitor energy uses each facility in realtime based on the IoT devices. This system insists of worksheets management, facility/energy management, realtime monitoring, history search, data analysis through connecting with existed ERP/MES Systems in manufacturing factories. The energy monitoring process is to present used energy collected from IoT devices connected with installed gasmeter and wattmeter each facility. This system provide the change of energy uses, usage fee, energy conversion, and green gas information in realtime on Web and mobile devices. This system will be enhanced with energy saving technology by analyzing constructed big data of energy uses. We can also propose a method to increase productivity by integrating this system with functions of digitalized worksheets and optimized models for production process.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1026-1032
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• 2015

This study attempted to find an efficient method for the preparation of high-purity galactooligosaccharides (HP-GOS) using ${\beta}$-galactosidase and yeast fermentation. GOS prepared using Lactozym 3000L showed the greatest enhancement in total GOS of the six ${\beta}$-galatosidases tested. GOS alone achieved 51% conversion of initial lactose. GOS production was enhanced by fermentation with commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); its concentration reached 71% after 36h fermentation with 8% yeast. Component sugar analysis with HPLC indicated that HP-GOS fermented with S. cerevisiae showed significantly increased levels of 4'/6'-galactosyllactose and total GOS as well as a significantly decreased glucose level. HP-GOS facilitated the growth of Lactobacillus sp. (L. acidophilus and L. casei) and Bifidobacterium sp. (B. longum and B. bifidum). In sum, high-purity GOS has been successfully produced through both an enzymatic process and yeast fermentation. GOS encourages the growth of bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that may be beneficial to human gastrointestinal health.