• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2012

토끼 뇌에 대장균을 주입하여 CT 소견을 알아보고, 시간에 따른 동맥혈의 하운스필드 값의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 토끼 두개관에 천두공(burr hole)을 뚫고 2~3 mm 깊이에 대장균 $1{\times}10^7$ CFU/ml, 0.1 ml을 주입하여 뇌염증 모델을 제작하고, 조영 증강 CT와 동적 CT, 그리고 동맥혈의 CT영상을 얻었다.조영 증강 CT에서 뇌농양, 뇌실염 그리고 뇌막염등 다양한 뇌염증 소견이 보였다. 뇌농양은 중앙부가 거의 조영되지 않고 주변부가 강하게 조영되는 전형적인 양상을 보였고, 뇌실염은 측뇌실 벽을 따라 강하게 조영되는 소견을 보였으며, 뇌막염은 종뇌와 간뇌의 접히는 부위 뇌막이 강하게 조영되었다. 동적 CT영상에서 염증 중앙부의 조영제 주입 전 HU 값은 $31.01{\pm}3.55$였고, 주입 후 10분까지 $40.36{\pm}3.76$으로 서서히 증가하였다. 그리고 염증 가장자리구역에서 HU 값은 조영제 주입 전에 $47.23{\pm}3.12$였고, 조영제 주입 후 약 45초에 $63.59{\pm}3.31$로 가장 많이 증가 하였으나 이후 20분까지 약간 떨어졌다. 또한 균 주입 반대쪽 정상 뇌조직에서 측정한 HU 값은 조영제 주입 전에 $39.01{\pm}3.24$이었고, 조영제 주입 후 약 30초에 $49.01{\pm}4.29$로 가장 많이 조영되었고, 이후 서서히 낮아졌다. 동맥 혈액 CT에서 조영제 주입 전 HU 값은 $87.78{\pm}6.88$이었고, 조영제 주입 후 10초부터 30초까지 급격히 증가하여 $749.13{\pm}98.48$로 최대값을 보이고, 30초부터 45초까지 $467.85{\pm}62.98$로 급격히 감소하며, 45초에서 60초까지는 정체기(plateau)를 보였으며, 이후 20분까지 $188.28{\pm}25.03$으로 감소되었다. 결과적으로 대장균으로 뇌염증 모델을 만들 수 있고, 조영 증강 CT를 통하여 뇌염증의 특징적인 소견을 잘 알 수 있었으며, 동적 CT를 통해 염증 중앙부와 가장자리구역의 조영 양상을 알 수 있고, 동맥혈은 조영제 주입 후 10초부터 30초 까지 급격히 증가하다 정체기를 거쳐 서서히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2197-2204
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• 2015

In recent years, medical image diagnosis has growing significant momentous in the medicinal field. Brain and lung image of patient are distorted with salt and pepper noise is caused by moving the head and chest during scanning process of patients. Reconstruction of these images is a most significant field of diagnostic evaluation and is produced clearly through techniques such as linear or non-linear filtering. However, restored images are produced with smaller amount of noise reduction in the presence of huge magnitude of salt and pepper noises. To eliminate the high density of salt and pepper noises from the reproduction of images, a new efficient fuzzy based median filtering algorithm with a moderate elapsed time is proposed in this paper. Reproduction image results show enhanced performance for the proposed algorithm over other available noise reduction filtering techniques in terms of peak signal -to -noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), image enhancement factor (IMF) and structural similarity (SSIM) value when tested on different medical images like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) scan brain image and CT scan lung image. The introduced algorithm is switching filter that recognize the noise pixels and then corrects them by using median filter with fuzzy two-sided π- membership function for extracting the local information.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2001

We report two cases of supratentorial gangliocytomas mimicking an extra-axial tumor. MR imaging indicated that the tumors were extra-axial, and meningiomas were thus initially diagnosed. Relative to gray matter, the tumors were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. On contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, homogeneous enhancement was observed, while CT scanning revealed calcification in one of the two cases.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.201-206
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• 2003

In clinical practice, CT Angiography is a powerful technique for the visualziation of blood flow in arterial vessels throughout the body. However CT Angiography images of blood vessels anywhere in the body may be fuzzy if the patient moves during the exam. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for removing global motion artifacts in the 3D space. The proposed methods are based on the two key ideas as follows. First, the method involves the extraction of a set of feature points by using a 3D edge detection technique based on image gradient of the mask volume where enhanced vessels cannot be expected to appear, Second, the corresponding set of feature points in the contrast volume are determined by correlation-based registration. The proposed method has been successfully applied to pre- and post-contrast CTA brain dataset. Since the registration for motion correction estimates correlation between feature points extracted from skull area in mask and contrast volume, it offers an accelerated technique to accurately visualize blood vessels of the brain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.382-384
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• 2008

Gas forming brain abscess is a rare disease caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae occurring in patients with impaired host defense mechanism such as diabetes mellitus or liver cirrhosis. A 59-year-old man with 2-year history of diabetes mellitus and 20-year history of liver cirrhosis presented to the hospital with headache. On the day after admission, severe headache was developed and he deteriorated rapidly. Brain CT showed a non-enhanced mass including multiple air density as well as surrounding edema seen in the right occipital lobe, and isodensity air-fluid level seen in the right lateral ventricle. Despite emergent ventricular drainage and intraventricular and intravenous administration of antibiotics, his condition progressively worsened to sepsis and to death after 5 days. Bacterial culture of blood and ventricular fluids disclosed a Gram (-) rod, Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this report we review the pathogenic mechanism and its management.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.65.1-65.9
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• 2023

Background: Bone subtraction computed tomography angiography (BSCTA) is a useful alternative technique for improving visualization of vessels surrounded by skull bone. However, no studies have compared computed tomography angiography (CTA) and BSCTA for improving the visibility of canine cerebral blood vessels. Objectives: To evaluate the potential benefit of BSCTA for better delineation of brain arteries of the circle of Willis (CoW) in dogs by comparing BSCTA with non-subtraction computed tomography angiography (NSCTA). Methods: Brain CTA was performed for nine healthy beagle dogs using a bolus tracking method with saline flushing. A total dose of 600 mgI/kg of contrast agent with an iodine content of 370 mgI/mL was injected at a rate of 4 ml/s. Bone removal was achieved automatically by subtracting non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) data from contrast CT data. Five main intracranial arteries of the CoW were analyzed and graded on a scale of five for qualitative evaluation. Results: Scores of basilar artery, middle cerebral artery, and rostral cerebral artery in the BSCTA group were significantly higher than those in the NSCTA group (p = 0.001, p = 0.020, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Scores of rostral cerebellar artery (RcA) and caudal cerebral artery (CCA) did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, scores of RcA and CCA in the BSCTA group were higher than those in the NSCTA group. Conclusions: BSCTA improved visualization of intracranial arteries of the CoW with close contact to bone. Thus, it should be recommended as a routine scan method in dogs suspected of having brain vessel disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2001

A 51-year-old woman presented with sudden severe headache, vomiting, and right hemiparesis at first admission. Computed tomography(CT) scans revealed an hemorrhagic density at left basal ganglia. Preoperative cerebral angiography showed no vascular lesion. Under the diagnosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), total extirpation of hematoma was done. The postoperative neurological condition improved gradually and discharged without any neurological sequelae. Two months later, she revisited with headache, vomiting and progressive right hemiparesis. CT scans at second admission showed an irregular rim enhanced mass with central low density with surrounding edema at the initial bleeding area. Repeated craniotomy was performed and the mass was partially removed. The histopathological diagnosis of the specimen was confirmed as glioblastoma. The authors report a glioblastoma, which occurred at initial ICH site and regarded as a brain abscess with literature review.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2021

A 29-year-old woman had 1-month history of back pain radiating into lower extremities, motor weakness, and sensory abnormalities in both lower extremities. Contrast-enhanced spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a homogeneously enhancing mass at the T12~L1 and several intradural enhancing nodular lesions at L2~S1. Tumor resection surgery was performed and following histological examination showed that the tumor satisfied the diagnostic criteria for atypical choroid plexus papilloma (CPP). To find primary tumor sites, contrast-enhanced brain MRI, whole spine MRI, and PET-CT were carried out and additional lesions were detected at the fourth ventricle, right cerebellum, and upper thoracic spinal cord. This is a very rare case of metastatic atypical CPP that involves brain, upper thoracic spinal cord, and cauda equina with initial manifestation of radicular symptoms without clinical signs of primary brain lesion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.125-127
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• 2013

Here, we report a rare case of an anaplastic astrocytoma masquerading as a hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage. A 69-year-old woman who had been under medical management for hypertension during the past 3 years suddenly developed right hemiparesis with dysarthria. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans with contrast and CT angiograms revealed an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the left basal ganglia, without an underlying lesion. She was treated conservatively, but underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation 3 months after the initial attack due to deteriorated mental status and chronic hydrocephalus. Three months later, her mental status deteriorated further. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium demonstrated an irregular enhanced mass in which the previous hemorrhage occurred. The final histological diagnosis which made by stereotactic biopsy was an anaplastic astrocytoma. In the present case, the diagnosis of a high grade glioma was delayed due to tumor bleeding mimicking hypertensive ICH. Thus, a careful review of neuroradiological images including MRI with a suspicion of tumor bleeding is needed even in the patients with past medical history of hypertension.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2003

RP(Rapid Prototyping) has been used in the various industrial applications. This paper presents the optimization techniques fur fabricated 3D model design using RP machine for the medical field. Once the original brain model data are obtained from 2D slices of MRI/CT machine, the data can be modeled as an optimal ellipse. The objective of this study includes optimization of fabrication time and surface roughness using the adaptive slicing method. It can reduce fabrication time without losing surface roughness quality by accumulating the slices with variable thickness. According to the parameter tuning and synthesis of its effect, more suitable parameter values can be obtained by enhanced 3D brain model fabrication. Therefore, accurate 3D brain model fabricated by RP machine can enable a surgeon to perform pre-operation. to make a decision for the operation sequence and to perceive the 3D positions in prototype, before delicate operation of actual surgery.