• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

The government has proposed a development model for universities to strengthen the capacity of the College of Humanities as part of the university restructuring policy in line with the trend of the times, and encouraged each university to voluntarily induce the establishment of the humanities development plan through financial support under their own individual conditions. With the decline in the school-age population due to the declining fertility rate, the rapid change in the industrial structure has highlighted the decline in the employment rate of the students of the humanities. Therefore, the government is implementing university grading based on the results of the university structural reform evaluation, and pressing low-grade universities through reduction of capacity and reduction of support. In the course of this change, universities have designated the College of Humanities as the primary target of integration with other majors or and its disintegration. This study examines the direction of the government's attempt to change the humanities in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and suggests a precedent example during the reform of the humanities college. If the humanities college is integrated with practical studies such as management, design, IT, CT, and engineering, the strengths of the humanities can be highlighted. However, the results of this study suggest that many variables such as consideration of students' aptitudes and interests in the integration process of majors, autonomy in major selection, understanding between departments integrated, and demand for a single major before integration or disintegration should be considered. In addition, an example of a local private university shows that the hasty attempt to integrate or disintegrate the humanities can rather lead to various educational harms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.357-369
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• 2019

In this study, the water quality components (pH, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, DO, TP) and the water quality, observed for 10 years (2008~2017) in the five tributaries of the Nakdong River with the highest flow rates, were analyzed. Monthly levels of the water quality components were estimated and regression functions were used to quantitatively explain the changes in the BOD and COD components, with respect to the TOC components. The results of analyzing the water quality levels in terms of the living environmental standards show that the lowest water quality was observed midstream (ST-3) and the highest water quality was observed upstream (ST-1 and ST-2). The regression function was estimated to be a linear function in all five tributaries, and the goodness of fit of the function was high upstream (ST-2), midstream (ST-3), and downstream (ST-4). According to the regression analysis using the observation data from 2008~2017, we found that the consumption of dissolved oxygen increased with an increase in organic matter in the major tributaries of the Nakdong River.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.571-579
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• 2019

In this study, monthly average values of BOD, COD, and TOC observed for 10 years (2008-2017) in the Nam River were estimated, and monthly variations of BOD, COD, and TOC were analyzed. Monthly average COD was always higher than monthly average BOD; monthly average TOC was high from June to September when rainfall was high. Monthly correlation coefficients between BOD and COD ranged from 0.57 to 0.94, those between BOD and TOC from 0.45 to 0.93, and those between COD and TOC from 0.75 to 0.93. The correlation coefficients were high from November to February when rainfall was low. Regression analyses for monthly average water quality data of the Nam River classified into dry season (October to April) and wet season (May to September) were conducted. Correlation coefficients were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season, and the determination coefficients of linear regression functions for BOD and COD with TOC were also higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. From this study, it can be concluded that it is appropriate to use monthly data to analyze the correlations among BOD, COD, and TOC in the stream. To analyze the relationship between TOC flowing into the stream and BOD/COD, it was found that seasonal characteristics should be considered.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.465-474
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• 2019

Herein, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of DO (dissolved oxygen), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) with the monthly mean observed data for 10 years (2008~2017) in the main stream of the Nakdong River. The water quality of the stations declined in a downstream direction, with the BOD and COD showing their highest values at the ST5 station. From the analysis of the correlation of water quality components at 10 stations, the correlation coefficient between the DO and water temperature was more than -0.90, and that between BOD and Chl-a was 0.48~0.85, and that between COD and TOC was more than 0.65 except for the ST5 and ST10 stations. From the regression analysis using data collected from all stations, the water temperature and DO decreased linearly with a coefficient of determination of 0.90, and the Chl-a and BOD could be described by increasing power functions with a coefficient of determination of 0.83. The TOC and COD followed increasing logarithm functions with a coefficient of determination of 0.58. The TOC efficiency at the 10 stations was estimated and the average efficiencies of BOD and COD were 15.5~36.3% and 57.4~89.6%, respectively.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.202-211
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• 2022

In the pasteurization of escalator handrails using ultraviolet (UV) sterilizers, a combination of light distribution and escalator speed has priority over other important factors. Furthermore, since part of the escalator handrail has a curved structure, proper design is needed to improve the sterilization rate on the surfaces touched by users. In this paper, two types of sterilizers satisfying these conditions are manufactured with 275-nm UV-C LEDs, after modeling the three-dimensional (3D) structure of an escalator handrail and simulating optical distributions of UV-C irradiation on the handrail's surface according to light-emitting diode (LED) positions and reflector variations in the sterilizers. Pasteurization experiments with the UV-C LED sterilizers are conducted on six types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with exposure times of 0.2, 5, and 15 s at an actual installation distance of 20 mm. The sterilization rates for the gram-positive bacteria are 10.63% to 27.94% at 0.2 s, 89.44% to 96.30% at 5 s, and 99.64% to 99.88% at 15 s. Those for the gram-negative bacteria are 57.70% to 77.63% at 0.2 s, 98.90% to 99.49% at 5 s, and 99.88% to 99.99% at 15 s. The power consumption of the UV-C LED sterilizer is about 8 W, which can be supplied by a self-generation module instead of an external power supply.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

Electronics cultural atlas is a typical methodology for the Digital Humanities. Since electronic cultural atlas could visualize various cultural information based on electronic atlas, that is an information visualization, users are able to make intuitive understanding on specific areas. Therefore, it can be effectively utilized in Area Studies and also helps users to understand comprehensively information on historic event in particular area with time information, because electronic cultural atlas represents a particular subject and time information with geographical information based on map. In other words, electronic cultural atlas may be considered as a specialized system of Digital Humanities for studying the Humanities and Area Studies. In this paper, we design and implement mediterranean electronic cultural atlas(MECA) for researchers of the Mediterranean area that has cultural hybridity formed the exchange of various aspects such as civilization, religion, race and language. In detail, a 'Digital Humanities Research Support System' is constructed to visualize research outcomes related to the Mediterranean area on Electronic Cultural Atlas and to use for researches.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2024

Mortar has been applied in most previous studies on 3D concrete printing. In such cases, however, the economic efficient cannot help decreasing due to higher binder contents and larger amount of fine aggregates. In order to enhance the applicability of 3D printing technology to construction industry, therefore, 3D concrete printing technology utilizing coarse aggregates needs to be developed further. This study aims at proposing the mix design process of concrete containing coarse aggregates for 3D printing. Based on extensive literature review and experimental studies, the mix proportion suitable for 3D printing has been derived, and the extrudability of concrete with coarse aggregates has been verified through 3D printing tests. The primary variable of the extrudability tests was the contents of viscosity modifying agent (VMA), and the extrudability was quantitatively evaluated by measuring dimensions, distribution of aggregates, and surface quality of 3D-printed filaments. The test results showed that the dimensional suitability and surface quality were improved as the VMA contents were larger, and the coarse aggregates were evenly distributed in the section of filament regardless of the VMA contents. Based on the test results, the mix design process for concrete containing coarse aggregates for 3D printing has been proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2016

This study, which takes the New York Governors Island project as an example, is an in-depth analysis of the process of participatory design for transforming a space that had long been isolated from the public into a park and/or communal space. We found that the process of participatory design at each project phase consists of the following. First, in the preparatory phase, there was construction of public discourse: efforts to find a consensus to develop the space in a public-driven direction was led by various initiatives. Second, by opening the site to the public before the design phase and by consistently inviting a wide range of activities, a community was formed and its attachment to the site was established. Third, after the competition until the completion of the project master planning phase, substantial and active participatory design was enabled through social interaction of the community formed and developed over many years. Fourth, in the detail design and implementation phase, a traditional and passive way of participatory design such as public hearings was used, thereby preserving the expertise of professional designers. Public participation was reflected most in the master planning phase to create a broad framework of the park, while professionals designed the more specific aspects; this efficient and effective approach enabled both citizens and professionals to dutifully take part in developing the park. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The mode of participatory design should be varied at each project phase, from construction of public discourse, to formation and development of the community, to participatory design for social interaction. Furthermore, it is effective to preserve the unique roles of citizens and design professionals. It is particularly important to extend the process of participatory design to include the construction of public discourse and community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

Recently, with the urban redevelopment and the spread of the planned cities, there is increasing interest in the wind environment, which is related not only to design of buildings and landscaping but also to the comfortability of pedestrians. Numerical analysis for wind environment prediction is underway in many fields, such as dense areas of high-rise building or composition of the apartment complexes, a precisive 3D building model is essentially required in this process. Many studies conducted for wind environment analysis have typically used the method of creating a 3D model by utilizing the building layer included in the GIS (Geographic Information System) data. These data can easily and quickly observe the flow of atmosphere in a wide urban environment, but cannot be suitable for observing precisive flow of atmosphere, and in particular, the effect of a complicated structure of a single building on the flow of atmosphere cannot be calculated. Recently, drone photogrammetry has shown the advantage of being able to automatically perform building modeling based on a large number of images. In this study, we applied photogrammetry technology using a drone to evaluate the flow of atmosphere around two buildings located close to each other. Two 3D models were made into an automatic modeling technique and manual modeling technique. Auto-modeling technique is using an automatically generates a point cloud through photogrammetry and generating models through interpolation, and manual-modeling technique is a manually operated technique that individually generates 3D models based on point clouds. And then the flow of atmosphere for the two models was compared and analyzed. As a result, the wind environment of the two models showed a clear difference, and the model created by auto-modeling showed faster flow of atmosphere than the model created by manual modeling. Also in the case of the 3D mesh generated by auto-modeling showed the limitation of not proceeding an accurate analysis because the precise 3D shape was not reproduced in the closed area such as the porch of the building or the bridge between buildings.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2023

The creativity of thesis is that the significance of cyber security challenges in blockchain. The variety of enterprises, including those in the medical market, are the targets of cyberattacks. Hospitals and clinics are only two examples of medical facilities that are easy targets for cybercriminals, along with IoT-based medical devices like pacemakers. Cyberattacks in the medical field not only put patients' lives in danger but also have the potential to expose private and sensitive information. Reviewing and looking at the present and historical flaws and vulnerabilities in the blockchain-based IoT and medical institutions' equipment is crucial as they are sensitive, relevant, and of a medical character. This study aims to investigate recent and current weaknesses in medical equipment, of blockchain-based IoT, and institutions. Medical security systems are becoming increasingly crucial in blockchain-based IoT medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is gaining importance as a standalone medical device. Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control. The achievements of the thesis are medical equipment of blockchain-based IoT no longer exist in a vacuum, thanks to technical improvements and the emergence of electronic health records (EHRs). Increased EHR use among providers, as well as the demand for integration and connection technologies to improve clinical workflow, patient care solutions, and overall hospital operations, will fuel significant growth in the blockchain-based IoT market for linked medical devices. The need for blockchain technology and IoT-based medical device to enhance their health IT infrastructure and design and development techniques will only get louder in the future. Blockchain technology will be essential in the future of cybersecurity, because blockchain technology can be significantly improved with the cybersecurity adoption of IoT devices, i.e., via remote monitoring, reducing waiting time for emergency rooms, track assets, etc. This paper sheds the light on the benefits of the blockchain-based IoT market.