• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

This paper empirically tests pecking order theory. Korean listed firms are used as the samples. On the whole we find supportive results for pecking order theory. The fixed effect model on the whole period shows that as pecking order theory suggests that debt ratio decreases as cash flow. ROA, physical assets, and firm size increase. Again, it is shown that corporate debt ratio significantly decreases as cash flow or ROA increases in every sub-sample, which coincides with the prediction of pecking order theory. Corporate debt ratio significantly decreases as physical assets or jinn size increases in case of the whole sample, pre-financial crisis period, and the sub-samples by q-ratio, which also supports the prediction of pecking order theory. Statistical significance of the coefficients of physical assets or firm size completely disappears after Korean financial crisis. Perhaps it is because the role of physical assets or firm size as a mitigator of information asymmetry significantly weakens after the financial crisis as Korean financial market becomes more transparent. For small firms only size variable is negatively and significantly related with debt to assets. It seems that size is an important factor for smaller firms in making financing decision.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2008

Recently, technology growth and globalization of the market bring the age of knowledge based economy. These competitive environment require that the firms should cooperate among industry, academia, and institute. Cooperation between firms and universities for research and development is one of the most important business strategy in improving their business competences. This paper studied the factors of the firm involvement in the cooperation between firms and universities for technology development. To analyze the involvement factors, the data of 'R&D activity survey' of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST) were used. Based on results of the analysis, 6 factors such as firm size, the years of firms, ratio of the researchers, the ratio of collaborative investments, the ratio of new product development, and the number of property right were significant. As the technology cooperation get flourished, the results of this research is expected to play a meaningful role as an basic data for developing the cooperation between industry and academia policy for technology development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.475-477
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• 2010

In the power saving mechanism specified in IEEE 802.11, all node use the sam ATIM window size. Since the ATIM window size critically affects throughput and energy consumption, a fixed ATIM window does not perform well in all situations. This paper proposes the efficient power management mechanism considering network characteristic in 802.11. To reflect the network characteristic, the paper uses th (m,k)-firm deadline technique. Simulation result shows that proposed mechanism outperforms the IEEE 802.11 power saving mechanism in terms of the amount of power consumed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.469-472
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• 2014

S-MAC is hybrids of CSMA and TDMA approaches that use local sleep-wake schedules to coordinate packet exchanges and reduce idle listening. In this method, all the nodes are considered with equal priority which may lead to increased delay during heavy traffic. The method introduced in this paper provides high throughput and small end-to-end delay suitable for applications such as real-time voice streaming and its functionality is independent of underlying synchronization protocol. The novel idea behind our scheme is that it uses the priority concept with (m,k)-firm scheduling in order to achieve its objectives. The performance of our scheme is obtained through simulations for various packet sizes, traffic loads which show significant improvements in packet delivery ratio, and delay compared to existing protocols.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.221-233
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigates how the salespersons behave in coordinating the multiple communication channels during supplier integration (SI) for new product development (NPD), especially when their engineers directly collaborate with the buyer. Methods: This study conducted a qualitative study to explore the dynamics of the supplier's salespersons during SI for NPD. With the support of a consumer goods manufacturer (focal firm) in South Korea, we interviewed several managers, including purchasing and engineering, from the focal firm and salespersons from eight tier-1 suppliers of the focal firm. Results: The results found that the supplier's salespersons show two different behaviors toward managing and controlling the collaboration between their engineers and the buyer: (1) Process regulating behaviors that control the flows of information or communication between the engineers and the buyer, and (2) knowledge regulating behaviors that directly and indirectly support the engineers to be equipped with accurate and complete knowledge so that they can share the right knowledge with the buyer. Conclusion: This study contributes to academia and practitioners as follows. To academia, this study fill the gap in the literature by introducing the distinct behaviors of the supplier's salesperson in SI for NPD. To practitioner, in addition, our findings present coordination mechanisms to manage and control multiple communications within an inter-organizational collaboration.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Widespread public vaccination is one of the effective mechanisms to ensure the health and prevent deaths in societies. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is a stark instance in this regard. Vaccine development is a complex process requiring firm-level capabilities, various infrastructures, long-term planning, and stable and efficient policies. Due to the global demand for vaccines during the pandemic, the national capability to produce vaccines is critical. To this end, the current paper investigates influential factors, at the firm- and policylevel, in the COVID-19 vaccine development process in Iran. By adopting a qualitative research method and conducting 17 semi-structured interviews and analyzing policy documents, news, and reports, we extracted internal and external factors affecting the success and failure of a vaccine development project. We also discuss the characteristics of the vaccine ecosystem and the gradual maturity of policies. This paper draws lessons for vaccine development in developing countries at both firm and policy levels.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.120-131
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• 2012

Today, companies exist amid unlimited competition and uncertain adminstration environment, so hands-on workers are being exposed to various job requirements and stress due to this. Especially, employees in the design firm are physically difficult because of heavy working intensity unlike other industrial field, and because the process is interrelated unlike working of a five-day workday of the other industry, it is difficult to guarantee periodic holidays and vacation. In addition, recently, while BIM is introduced in the construction industry, various changes in the individual role as well as organizational dimension such as business environment and scope & role, etc. are required, so it is the actual situation that the category and factors of job stress due to this are being also changed. Accordingly, this research has grasped important and weak sectors according to characteristics such as career, position, gender, education and existence/nonexistence of BIM template, etc. by confirming a job stress level and inducing factors of hands-on workers at the design firm. This research has a meaning in constructing a business environment of a design firm that is a main participant of BIM-based projects that are expected to have high utilization in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2022

Currently, South Korea implements water resources management policies focusing on integrated water quantity, quality and hydro-ecology management. In particular, rehabilitation of natural rivers has become a major issue. As for reservoir operation during non-flood season, efforts have been made continuously to apply the Deficit Supply Method that can maximize water supply to address droughts and increase in water demand. When Deficit Supply Method is applied, the water supply capacity of reservoir can be maximized. However, downstream water flow would remain constant. In consideration that a natural stream, a long-time-created hydro-ecology, can be significantly influenced by flow variability, the Deficit Supply Method-based reservoir operation can generate effective water supply. Still, it may trigger adverse effects from the aspects of natural rehabilitation and hydro-ecology recovery. The main objective of this study is to analyze impacts on downstream flow duration through reservoir simulation by comparing the Firm Supply Method, the Deficit Supply Method and the Selective Deficit Supply Method, and examining each method's effects on reservoir operation. This study found that the Firm Supply Method could maintain water flow variability, but could not maximize water supply capacity. When the Deficit Supply Method was applied, water supply capacity could be increased while remaining vulnerable regarding water flow variability, as a difference between average flow and low flow was negligible at downstream. In comparison, the Selective Deficit Supply Method was found to sustain time-based reliability at 95% or higher, whereas downstream flow duration could be maintained at a level similar to the level generated by the Firm Supply Method.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-99
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• 2016

Supply network of automobile part is addressed with the e-invoices generated at real time. Automobile is composed of 8 modules. Firms which produce these modules are defined as the first outsourcing firm. Brake is the part of power control module and so, brake manufacturing firm is called the second outsourcing firm. In this paper, the third supply networks of brake manufacturing firms is analyzed with e-invoices and social network method. At the node-level, the third outsourcing firms are classified into 3 categories, interator, allocator and hub with respect to their role at the ego-network of each brake manufacturing firm. At the network level, A2, one of 3 brake manufacturing firms have more outsourcing firms and bigger centrality than the other brake manufacturing firms. Intre-firms trade patterns are, also, analyzed by using the degree of trade dedication with respect to the modes of business. It is shown that trade pattern of retail, commodity brokerage firm, rubber and plastic manufacturing firm are hierarchical trade because their degree of trade dedication is almost near to 1.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.61-70
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• 2014

Various procurement systems for Architecture-Engineering service for public construction project are currently established by construction-related law. However, comprehensive framework and criteria for the selection of Architecture-Engineering firm are in absence. Even though various selection methods for Architecture-Engineering service are currently established by law, cost-based selection method is mainly used in selecting Architecture-Engineering firm for the service. This paper examined current use of procurement system for Architecture-Engineering service and drew problems in practice. Through analysis of problems and bench-marking of those systems in advanced countries and international organizations, several strategies to improve performance of Architecture-Engineering service and to maximize the efficiency were suggested. The suggestions include framework and guideline to select a procurement method for the service which is being considered for the project and way of improving current procurement system. These suggestions will be a foundation for utilizing appropriate procurement system for the specific project and can make domestic Architecture-Engineering firm more competitive in the global market by breaking form the cost-based selection method in the selection of Architecture-Engineering firms.