• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.17
• /
• pp.7409-7414
• /
• 2015

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) developed by Notomi et al. (2000) has made it possible to amplify DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions. The ultimate products of LAMP are stem-loop structures with several inverted repeats of the target sequence and cauliflower-like patterns with multiple loops shaped by annealing between every other inverted repeats of the amplified target in the similar strand. Because the amplification process in LAMP is achieved by using four to six distinct primers, it is expected to amplify the target region with high selectivity. However, evaluation of reaction accuracy or quantitative inspection make it necessary to append other procedures to scrutinize the amplified products. Hitherto, various techniques such as turbidity assessment in the reaction vessel, post-reaction agarose gel electrophoresis, use of intercalating fluorescent dyes, real-time turbidimetry, addition of cationic polymers to the reaction mixture, polyacrylamide gel-based microchambers, lateral flow dipsticks, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and nanoparticle-based colorimetric tests have been utilized for this purpose. In this paper, we reviewed the best-known techniques for evaluation of LAMP amplicons and their applications in molecular biology beside their advantages and deficiencies. Regarding the properties of each technique, the development of innovative prompt, cost-effective and precise molecular detection methods for application in the broad field of cancer research may be feasible.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2007

The main objectives of this study are to investigate the micro-scale energy transfer mechanism for silicon wafer and to find an efficient way for fabrication of silicon wafer through-hole by using the femtosecond pulse laser ablation. In addition, the electron-phonon interactions during laser irradiation are discussed and the carrier number density and temperatures are estimated. In particular, the present study observes the shapes of silicon wafer through-hole with $100\;{\mu}m$ diameter and it also measures the heat-affected area and the ablation depths fur different laser fluences by using the optic microscope and the three-dimensional profile measurement technique. First, from numerical investigation, it is found that the nonequilibrium state exists between electrons and phonons during laser irradiation. From experimental results, it should be noted that the heat-affected area increases with laser fluence, and the optimal conditions for through-hole formation with minimum heat affected zone are finally obtained.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2018

Cobalt-incorporated zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8 was synthesized by a simple one-pot synthesis method at room temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed the formation of the bimetallic Co/Zn-ZIF structure. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra revealed that the bimetallic ZIF had a lower HOMO-LUMO gap compared with ZIF-8 due to the charge transfer process from organic ligands to cobalt centers. A hydrolytic stability test showed that Co/Zn-ZIF is very robust in aqueous solution - the most important criterion for any material to be applied in photodegradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized samples was investigated over the Indigo Carmine (IC) dye degradation under solar simulated irradiation. Cobalt incorporated ZIF-8 exhibited high efficiency over a wide range of pH and initial concentration. The degradation followed through three distinct stages: a slow initial stage, followed by an accelerated stage and completed with a decelerated stage. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized samples was highly improved in alkaline environment rather than in acidic or neutral environments, which may have been because in high pH medium, the increased concentration of hydroxyl ion facilitated the formation of hydroxyl radicals, a reactive species responsible for the breaking of the Indigo Carmine structure. Thus, Co/Zn-ZIF is a promising and green material for solving the environmental pollution caused by textile industries.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 2019

Photocatalysis is an environment friendly technique for degrading organic dyes in water. Tungsten oxide is becoming an active area of research in photocatalysis nanomaterials for having a smaller bandgap than the previously favored titanium dioxide. Synthesis of hierarchical structures, doping platinum (Pt), coupling with nanocomposites or other semiconductors are investigated as valid methods of improving the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. These impact the reaction by creating a redshift in the wavelength of light used, effecting charge transfer, and the formation/recombination of electron-hole pairs. Each of the methods mentioned above are investigated in terms of synthesis and photocatalytic efficiency, with the simplest being modification on the morphology of tungsten oxide, since it does not need synthesis of other materials, and the most efficient in photocatalytic degradation being complex coupling of metal oxides and carbon composites. The photocatalysis technology can be incorporated with water purification membrane by modularization process and applied to advanced water treatment system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2017

Atmospheric nitrogen containing organic compounds(e.g. amino acids) has attracted considerable attention from the viewpoint of the oceanic biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen as well as the long range transfer. However, only a few measurements of organic nitrogen compounds have been conducted due to analytical difficulties. In this study, total of nine amino acids such as Glutamic acid, Histidine, Arginine, Tyrosine, Cystine, Valine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Lysine have been analytically determined by Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry (LC-MSMS). As results, Fragmentor Voltage (FV), Precursor Ion, Collision Energy, Product Ion related to individual amino acid compounds are shown. Based on the operational conditions, Lysine, Glutamine Acid, Tyrosine were analyzed during the China Oriented Smog Period. High concentrations of Lysine, Glutamine Acid, and Tyrosine are discussed with organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble ions. The results can provide to understand the sources with aging process related to amino acids influenced by the long-range transport from the Yellow Sea area.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.42-52
• /
• 1997

The basic principle of underwater ram-jet as a unique marine propulsion concept showing vary high cruise speed range(e. g. 80-100 knots) is the thrust production by the transfer of the potential energy of compressed gas to the operating liquid through kinetic mixing process. This paper is aimed to investigate the propulsive efficiency of the nozzle flow in underwater ram-jet at the speed of 80 knots for the buried type vessel. The basic assumption of the theoretical analysis is that mixture of water and air can be treated as incompressible gas. For an optimized nozzle configuration obtained from the performance analysis, preliminary data for performance evaluation are obtained and effects of nozzle inner wall friction, ambient temperature, ambient pressure, water density, gas velocity, bubble radius, flow velocity, diffuser area ratio, mass flow ratio and water velocity gradient are investigated.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.61
• /
• pp.273-302
• /
• 2014

Project finance ("PF") is a method of raising long-term debt financing based on lending against the cash flow generated by the project alone. Project finance is a nonrecourse or limited recourse financing structure against the sponsors(or the investors). The debt terms in a project finance are not based on the creditor's credit support or on the value of the assets of the project. Lenders rely on the future cash flow to be generated by the project for debt repayment and interest, rather than the value of the project or the credit ratings of the sponsors. The non-recourse or limited recourse financing usually prompt potential project finance lenders to assess carefully all possible risks that might arise in a project to ensure that those risks are mitigated and controlled. In this respect, project finance is a opposite financing method of corporate finance. Project finance has rapidly grown over the last 20 years due to the worldwide process of privatization of public sector and development of natural resources. Global project finance volume reached the record USD 406.5 billion in 2011. In 2012, however, Global project finance volume dropped 6% to USD 382.3 billion. Infrastructure overtook Energy to lead all sectors with USD 113.6 billion. It is generally recognized that there are more and higher risks in project finance compared with corporate finance. Project finance is exposed to commercial risks as well as political risks. The main commercial risks are completion risks, environmental risks, operating risks, input supply risks, revenue risks, etc, and the main political risks are currency convertibility and transfer risks, expropriation risks, war and civil disturbance risks, risks of breach of government concession agreement, etc. Completion risks include permits risks, risks relating to the EPC Contractor, construction cost overrun, delay in completion, inadequate performance on completion, etc.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2013

The core aim of this dissertation is to empirically scrutinize a strength characteristic of beam-column frame subjected to the cyclic lateral load, a beam-column frame of un-reinforced masonry wall, and a shear wall frame. First and foremost, I embark upon making three prototypes vis-$\grave{a}$-vis this research. By conducting this process, I touch on an analysis of cyclic behavior and a damage characteristic of the beam-column frame, the beam-column frame of un-reinforced masonry wall, and the shear wall frame. What is more, through the previous procedure, the next part delves into the exact stress transfer path and the destructive mechanism to examine how much and how strong the beam-column frame of un-reinforced Masonry Wall does have a resistance capacity against earthquake in all the architecture constructed by the above-mentioned frame, as well as school buildings. In addition to the three prototypes, two more experimental models, a beam-column frame and shear wall frame, are used to compare with the beam-column frame of un-reinforced masonry wall. Lastly, the dissertation will suggest some solutions to improve the resistance capacity against earthquake regarding all constructions built with non bearing wall following having examining precisely all the analysis with regard to not only behavior properties and the damage mechanism of the beam-column frame and the beam-column frame of un-reinforced Masonry Wall but also the resistance capacity against earthquake of non bearing wall and school buildings.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.12
• /
• pp.782-790
• /
• 2011

Typical temperature control methods of a cooler for machine tools are hot-gas bypass and compressor variable speed control. The hot-gas bypass system has been widely used to control the cooler temperature in many general industrial fields. On the contrary, the compressor variable speed control is focused on special fields such as aerospace and high precision machine tools which need high precision control. The variable speed control system usually has two control variables such as target temperature and superheat. In other words, the variable speed control system is basically multi-input multi-output(MIMO) system. In spite of MIMO system, the proportional integral derivative(PID) feedback control methodology that based on single-input single-output (SISO) system is generally used for designing the variable speed control system. Therefore, it is inevitable to describe transfer functions for dynamic behaviors of every controlled variables and decide the PID gains with tremendous iteration process. Moreover, the designed PID gains do not provide optimum system performances. To solve these problems, high performance controller design method based on a state space model is suggested in this paper. An optimum controller is designed to minimize both control errors and energy inputs. This method was more simple to describe dynamic behaviors and easier to design the cooler controller which is MIMO system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.1197-1205
• /
• 1988

An analytical method to predict qualitative performance characteristics of the Stirling Engines in the preliminary design stages is investigated. Both the expansion and the compression cylinder are treated as adiabatic and piston motions are approximated as saw-toothed waves. Basic equations which were originally proposed by Finkelstein consist of mass conservation and energy balances for each adiabatic cylinder. The approximation on piston motions and physical conditions make it possible to divide an engine cycle into four fundamental processes. In each process, first, pressure can be expressed as a function of the crank angle by solving a nonlinear first order ordinary differential equation and other thermodynamic variables are determined in turn. Application of the cyclic steady condition to the whole processes can complete a cycle. Also, further analysis results in analytic expressions for cyclic work and heat transfer in terms of the engine parameters and thermodynamic variables at boundary points. The results are expected useful as a quick reference for the engine performances. Finally, the present method can be applied to the other adiabatic analyses on the Stirling Engines with piece wise linear piston motions, if mass variations are predictable.