• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2023

In this paper, a new energy-efficient semi-active hybrid bulk damper is developed that is cost-effective for use in structural applications. In this work, the possibility of active and semi-active component configurations combined with suitable control algorithms, especially vibration control methods, is explored. The equations of motion for a container bridge equipped with an MDOF Mass Tuned Damper (M-TMD) system are established, and the combination of excitation, adhesion, and control effects are performed by a proprietary package and commercial custom submodel software. Systematic methods for the synthesis of structural components and active systems have been used in many applications because of the main interest in designing efficient devices and high-performance structural systems. A rational strategy can be established by properly controlling the master injection frequency parameter. Simulation results show that the multiscale model approach is achieved and meets accuracy with high computational efficiency. The M-TMD system can significantly improve the overall response of constrained structures by modestly reducing the critical stress amplitude of the frame. This design can be believed to build affordable, safe, environmentally friendly, resilient, sustainable infrastructure and transportation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.834-841
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) on the energy metabolism in thigh muscle of embryos and neonatal broilers. Methods: A total of 960 eggs were randomly assigned to three treatments: i) non-injected control group, ii) saline group injected with 0.6 mL of physiological saline (0.75%), and iii) CrPyr group injected with 0.6 mL of physiologi-cal saline (0.75%) containing 12 mg CrPyr/egg on 17.5 d of incubation. After hatching, 120 male chicks (close to the average body weight of the pooled group) in each group were randomly assigned to eight replications. The feeding experiment lasted 7 days. Results: The results showed that IOF of CrPyr increased glucose concentrations in the thigh muscle of broilers on 2 d after injection (p<0.05). Compared with the control and saline groups, the concentration of creatine in CrPyr group was increased on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Moreover, IOF of CrPyr increased the creatine kinase activity at hatch and increased the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Chicks in CrPyr group showed higher mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and GLUT8 on the day of hatch (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that IOF of CrPyr was beneficial to enhance muscle energy reserves of em-bryos and hatchlings.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.675-691
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 Navier-Stokes 유체와 같은 대용량 문제를 위한 최적화 기법의 개발에 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 reduced Hessian sequential quadratic programming을 개발하였다. 첫째, 유체의 해석을 위한 평형 방정식을 최적화 과정에서 제거하여 변수를 줄였고, 또한 평형방정식과 최적화 과정에서 연속기법을 사용하여 최적해를 보장하면서 더욱 해에 쉽게 접근하도록 하였다. 그리고 각 단계에서는 테일러 시리즈를 이용한 근사치를 이용하여 각 단계에서 대단히 좋은 초기치 값을 제공하여 최적해에 더욱 빠르게 접근하게 하고 아울러 유체의 평형방정식을 풀 때에도 해에 더욱 빠르고 쉽게 접근하도록 하였다. 이 기법을 항력을 줄이기 위한 유체의 최적 제어를 위한 문제에 적용하였다. 유체의 흐름을 제어하기 위하여 물체의 경계면에서 유체의 흡입(suction)과 방축(injection)이라는 기법을 사용하여 경계면에서 속도를 제어하였고, 목적함수로써 항력을 표현하기 위하여 에너지 소실의 변화율을 사용하였다. 예제를 통해 본 연구에서 개발한 최적화 기법의 효용성을 입증하였다.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• 제5B권3호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

Instrumentation and Control (I&C) of the Neutral Beam Test Stand (NB- TS) Facility at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) project has been underway since the start of the project to answer the diverse requests arising from the various facets of the development and construction phases of the project. Optical signal transmission constitutes a significant portion of I&C works and has been performed for the entirety of the project. During the NB- TS construction and related experiments, significant achievements to a more accurate as well as more refined optical signal transmissions have been made. Examples of those I&C works that utilized the optical signal transmission are the Langmuir probe signal transmission, gradient grid current signal transmission, gas flow control and signal transmission, ion source temperature measurement, beam line component temperature monitoring, and coolant flow signal transmission, etc. These optical signal transition provisions are now performing part of the indispensable functions for the proper operation of the NB- TS facility. Attained experience and expertise are expected to be well applied to the upcoming main neutral beam injection (NBI) system construction for the KSTAR project.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.547-558
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• 2007

This paper proposes a simpler solution to the stabilization problem of a special class of nonlinear underactuated mechanical systems which includes widely studied benchmark systems like Inertia Wheel Pendulum, TORA and Acrobot. Complex internal dynamics and lack of exact feedback linearizibility of these systems makes design of control law a challenging task. Stabilization of these systems has been achieved using Energy Shaping and damping injection and Backstepping technique. Former results in hybrid or switching architectures that make stability analysis complicated whereas use of backstepping some times requires closed form explicit solutions of highly nonlinear equations resulting from partial feedback linearization. It also exhibits the phenomenon of explosions of terms resulting in a highly complicated control law. Exploiting recently introduced Dynamic Surface Control technique and using control Lyapunov function method, a novel nonlinear controller design is presented as a solution to these problems. The stability of the closed loop system is analyzed by exploiting its two-time scale nature and applying concepts from Singular Perturbation Theory. The design procedure is shown to be simpler and more intuitive than existing designs. Design has been applied to important benchmark systems belonging to the class demonstrating controller design simplicity. Advantages over conventional Energy Shaping and Backstepping controllers are analyzed theoretically and performance is verified using numerical simulations.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.661-674
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 Navier-Stokes 유체의 최적 제어 문제의 해를 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 수치해석기법을 개발하고, 이를 물체의 항력(drag)을 최소화하는 문제에 적용하는데 있다. 본 연구는 항력을 줄인다는 산업적인 중요성과 함께 최적 제어를 위한 하나의 효과적인 최적화 기법의 모델을 제공하고 있다. 항력을 줄이기 위한 방법으로써 물체의 경계면에서 유체의 흡입(suction)과 방출(injection)이라는 기법을 사용하여 경계면에서 속도를 제어하였고, 목적함수로써 항력을 표현하기 위하여 에너지 소실의 변화율을 사용하였다. 컴퓨터 용량을 최소화하고 최적화에서의 해의 보장성과 경제성을 위하여, Navier-Stokes의 해석을 위하여 페널티 방법을 사용하였고 최적화 기법을 위해서는 SQP 방법을 사용하였다. 그리고 Navier-Stokes 유체는 대단히 비선형성을 나타내기 때문에 최적화를 수행하기에는 매우 힘들다. 이를 위하여 연속기법(continuation technique)을 사용하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.290-295
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• 2005

Hydraulic actuators are important in modern industry due to high power, fast response, and high stiffness. In recent years, hybrid actuation system, which combines electric and hydraulic technology in a compact unit, can be adapted to a wide variety of force, speed and torque requirements. Moreover, the hybrid actuation system has dealt with the energy consumption and noise problem existed in the conventional hydraulic system. Therefore, hybrid actuator has a wide range of application fields such as plastic injection-molding and metal forming technology, where force or pressure control is the most important technology. In this paper, the solution for force control of hybrid system is presented. However, some limitations still exist such as deterioration of the performance of transient response due to the variable environment stiffness. Therefore, intelligent switching control using Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network (LVQNN) is newly proposed in this paper in order to overcome these limitations. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with large variation of stiffness of external environment. In addition, it is understood that the new system has energy saving effect even though it has almost the same response as that of valve controlled system.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2015

Increasing air pollution levels and the global oil crisis has become a major hindrance in the growth of our automobile sector. Traditional Internal Combustion engines running on non-renewable fuels are proving to be the major culprit for the harmful effects on environment. With few modifications and also with assistance of few additional components current small SI engines can be modified into a pneumatic engine (commonly known as Compressed Air Engines) without much technical complications where the working fluid is compressed air. The working principle is very basic as adiabatic expansion of the compressed air takes place inside the cylinder pushing the piston downwards creating enough MEP to run the crank shaft at decent RPM. With the assistance of new research and development on pneumatic engines can explore the potential of pneumatic engines as a viable option over IC engines. The paper deals with analysis on RPM variation with corresponding compressed air injection at different crank angles from TDC keeping constant injection time period. Similarly RPM variation can also be observed at different injection pressures with similar injection angle variation. A setup employing a combination of magnetic switch (reed switch), magnets and solenoid valve is used in order to injection timing control. A conclusive data is obtained after detailed analysis of RPM variation that can be employed in newly modified pneumatic engines in order to enhance the running performance. With a number of benefits offered by pneumatic engine over IC engines such as no emissions, better efficiency, low running cost, light weight accompanied by optimized injection conditions can cause a significant development in pneumatic engines without any major alteration.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2006

In the electro-hydraulic injector for the common rail Diesel fuel injection system, the injection nozzle is being opened and closed by movement of a injector's needle which is balanced by pressure at the nozzle seat and at the needle control chamber, at the opposite end of the needle. In this study, the piezo actuator was considered as a prime movers in high pressure Diesel injector. Namely a piezo-driven Diesel injector, as a new method driven by piezoelectric energy, has been applied with a purpose to develop the analysis model of the piezo actuator to predict the dynamics characteristics of the hydraulic component(injector) by using the AMESim code. Aimed at simulating the hydraulic behavior of the piezo-driven injector, the circuit model has been developed and verified by comparison with the experimental results. As this research results, we found that the input voltage exerted on piezo stack is the dominant factor which affects on the initial needle behavior of piezo-driven injector than the hydraulic force generated by the constant injection pressure. Also we know the piezo-driven injector has more degrees of freedom in controlling the injection rate with the high pressure than a solenoid-driven injector.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2006

Hydraulic actuators are important in modern industry due to high power, fast response, and high stiffness. In recent years, hybrid actuation system, which combines electric and hydraulic technology in a compact unit, can be adapted to a wide variety of force, speed and torque requirements. Moreover, the hybrid actuation system has dealt with the energy consumption and noise problem existed in the conventional hydraulic system. Therefore, hybrid actuator has a wide range of application fields such as plastic injection-molding and metal forming technology, where force or pressure control is the most important technology. In this paper, the solution for force control of hybrid system is presented. However, some limitations still exist such as deterioration of the performance of transient response due to the variable environment stiffness. Therefore, intelligent switching control using Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network (LVQNN) is newly proposed in this paper in order to overcome these limitations. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with large variation of stiffness of external environment. In addition, it is understood that the new system has energy saving effect even though it has almost the same response as that of valve controlled system.